Tertiary level of prevention

Uzma Jan48

BDS Batch III

Prevention

Definition and Concept

• Actions aimed at eradicating, eliminating or minimizing the impact of disease and disability, or if none of these are feasible, retarding the progress of the disease and disability.

• The concept of prevention is best defined in the context of

levels, traditionally called primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. A fourth level, called primordial prevention was later added

Preventive Health

Definition

Preventive Health care Involves: • Measures taken to identify and minimize risk factors for

disease. • Improve the course of an existing disease. • Screening for early detection of disease.

level of prevention

Old Classification

• Primary• Secondary • Tertiary

Revised Classification

Primordial Prevention

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Tertiary Prevention

Primordial PreventionIt is the prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared.

Primary PreventionConcerned with health promotion activities that prevent the actual occurrence of a specific illness or disease.

Secondary PreventionPromotes Early detection or screening and treatment of disease and limitation of disability. This level of prevention is also called HEALTH MAINTENANCE.

Tertiary PreventionDirected Towards recovery or rehabilitation of a disease or condition after the disease has been developed.

Five Levels Prevention Of Disease

Primary Prevention

Health Promotion

Specific Protection

Secondary Prevention

Early Diagnosis and prompt treatment

Tertiary Prevention

Disability Limitation

Rehabilitation

The Linkage Natural History Of Disease and Five Levels Of Prevention

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE

Susceptibility Stage Subclinical Stage Clinical Stage Resolution Stage

Interrelation of Agent, Host and Environmental

factors

Exposure to causative agent: no symptoms present

Symptoms present Problem resolved. Returned to health or chronic state or

death

PREPATHOGENESIS PERIOD OF PATHOGENESIS

Health PromotionSpecific Protection

Early Diagnosis and Prompt Treatment Disability Limitation Rehabilitation

PRIMARYPREVENTION

SECONDARY PREVENTION

TREATMENT TERTIARY PREVENTION

Tertiary (FEW)• Reduced complications, intensity,

severity of current cases

Secondary (SOME)• Reduce current cases of problem

behavior

Primary (All)• Reduce new causes of problem

behavior

Tertiary Prevention

• It is used when the disease process has advanced beyond its early stages.

• It is defined as "all the measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities. and to promote the patients' adjustment to irremediable conditions."

• Intervention that should be accomplished in the stage of tertiary prevention are disability limitation, and rehabilitation.

Tertiary Prevention

• Tertiary prevention attempts to reduce the damage caused by symptomatic disease by focusing on mental, physical, and social rehabilitation. Unlike secondary prevention, which aims to prevent disability, the objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize the remaining capabilities and functions of an already disabled patient.[2] Goals of tertiary prevention include: preventing pain and damage, halting progression and complications from disease, and restoring the health and functions of the individuals affected by disease.

Disability Limitation

Disease

Impairment

Disability

Handicap

Impairment

Impairment is "any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure of function."

Disability

Disability is "any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for the human being."

Handicap

Handicap is termed as "a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or disability, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role in the community that is normal (depending on age, sex, and social and cultural factors) for that individual."

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation is "the combined and coordinated use of medical, social, educational, and vocational measures for training and retraining the individual to the highest possible level of functional ability."

Preventive Disability limitation Rehabilitation

Services provided by individual

Use of dental services Use of dental services

Services provided by Community

Provision of dental services Provision of dental services

Services provided by professional

Deep curettage root planning splinting Complex restorative dentistryPulpotomy RCT, surgeryChemotherapy, radiotherapy

Removable and fixed prosthodonticsImplantsPlastic surgeryMaxillofacial

References

• http://www.academia.edu/894962/Principles_of_Prevention_The_Four_Stages_Theory_of_Prevention

• http://phprimer.afmc.ca/Part1-TheoryThinkingAboutHealth/Chapter4BasicConceptsInPreventionSurveillanceAndHealthPromotion/Thestagesofprevention

• http://www.slideshare.net/arunmadanan/models-of-prevention-22182026?qid=08b2ee83-d817-4161-9250-e4b308822bea&v=qf1&b=&from_search=14

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