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Teaching Vocabulary
Pronouns verbs adjectivesAdverbsconjunctions preposition
Words and word classes
Content words are the ones that carry the information
Grammatical words are words that contribute to the grammatical structure
UnderstandUnderstandingUnderstoodMisunderstanding
Affixation
Once againThe biggest threat
Collocations
I like it A place like that
Homonyms
Meat and meet
Homophones
Tale and tail
Live concert
Homographs
I live in Norway
age
Synonyms
old
Young
antonyms
old
Police officer is a occupation
Hyponyms
Occupations
Police officer Firefighter
Co-Hyponyms
Christmas
Christmas eveChristmas tree
LightsCarols
Lexical fields
We have to learn it at two
levelsForm and meaning
How are words
learned?
Form means knowing the written and
spoken form of a word.
Form
Meaning refers to the meaning of the words and how they
are used.
Meaning
Knowing the 200O most frequent words
in the English language provide
familiarity with 9 of every 10 words of spoken and written
English
Most frequent words
Short term memoryWorking memory
Long term memory
Words are stored randomly in our
brains
Short term memory: retains the information for a few seconds
Working memory: retaining long enough to perform operations
Long term memory: it can be compared to a filing system
Information can be ensured in our brains through:RepetitionPersonal organizingImagingMotivationAttentionAffective depth
Forgetting words
At the beginning 80 % of the words are forgotten within 24 hours and it gradually slows down.
Form related: My girlfriend is very hungry with me
Meaning related: I like to see the TV
Mistakes
PronunciationSpellingGrammarLengthMeaningRange
Things that make learnig difficult
The optimum number of words studied at
one time
Difficult words: small list sizes
Easy words :large list sizes
Repeating aloud helps retention better than Repeating silently and even repeting aloud with written recall. Seibert(1927)
Incidental Learning
Intentional Learning
Sources of words
Monoligual dictionaries are encouraged more than bilingual dictionaries (Hartman 1991)
Translation : very economical
Illustrating: concrete words
Explaining meaning: through examples, synonyms, full definition
How to present vocabulary
Vocabulary exercises
Vocabulary exercises
Affixation errors: I felt unsatisfy.Compounding errors: I took a two floor bus and crossed the city in the highest floor.Error of multi -word units: we have also a buses network.Collocation errors: I don’t like when they do mistakesPhrasal verbs error: Don’t get up youIdiom error: I don’t like to blow my own horn
Error Categories
A Syllabus should be organized around meanings.
The most frequent words.
Word typically co-occurs with other words.
The Lexical Approach
The sentences I don’t understand and I don’t know are learned before students have been taught the grammar rules of the simple present
Teaching lexical chunks
Testing VocabularyMultiple choice test
Conceptualized multiple choice test
Gap fill test
Production Vocabulary test
Vocabulary Notebooks
Language Learning Theories
PersonTask
ContextStrategy
Method and Approaches in
vocabulary learning
Grammar Translation Method
It received criticism because it neglected the learning of realistic and oral language
The Direct Method
Use of every day vocabulary
Grammar is taught inductively
Teaching points were introduced orally.
The Natural Approach
acquisition will not take place without comprehension of vocabulary (Krashen)
The Audio-Lingual Method
Items are selected according to its simplicity and familiarity and new words are introduced through drills
False Assumptions
All words have an equivalent in other languages.
A word is a single meaning unit.
All words have a real and basic meaning and others are figurative.
Traditional vocabulary lists rarely provide context, students are thus unprepared to use the words they have learned in isolated units in any approximation to authentic communication (Wilga Rivers)