Teaching speaking- Communicative competence

COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

Betty

TEACHING SPEAKING

What is Communicative Competence

Glossary of communication (Pertti Hume, 2001) Communication competence is the ability to take part in effective communication, which is characterized by skills and understandings that enable communication partners to exchange messages successfully diversity, have advanced language skills, and behave with patience.

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The desired outcome of the language learning process is the ability to communicate competently, not the ability to use the language exactly as a native speaker does.

Developing the communicative competence of the learners is one of the major goals for English teaching and is considered as that “the essence of English teaching is communication” and ‘communicative competence is the initial and ultimate goal of English teaching”(Wang,1996)

(http://www.nclrc.org/essentials/goalsmethods/goal.htm

)

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Communicative competence

Linguistic competence is knowing how to use the grammar, syntax, and vocabulary of a language. Linguistic competence asks: What words do I use? How do I put them into phrases and sentences?

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Sociolinguistic competence is knowing how to use and respond to language appropriately, given the setting, the topic, and the relationships among the people communicating.

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Discourse competence is knowing how to interpret the larger context and how to construct longer stretches of language so that the parts make up a coherent whole.

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Strategic competence is knowing how to recognize and repair communication breakdowns, how to work around gaps in one’s knowledge of the language, and how to learn more about the language and in the context.

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Teaching Speaking Speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols (Vanesa,2008)

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Teaching Speaking Speaking ability as the measure of knowing a language. Fluency is defined as the ability to converse with others, much more than the ability to read, write, or comprehend oral language.

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Speaking involves three areas of knowledge

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Teaching SpeakingMechanics (pronunciation, grammar, and

vocabulary): Using the right words in the right order with the correct pronunciation

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Functions (transaction and interaction): Knowing when clarity of message is essential (transaction/information exchange) and when precise understanding is not required (interaction/relationship building)

Teaching Speaking

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Teaching SpeakingSocial and cultural rules and norms

(turn-taking, rate of speech, length of pauses between speakers, relative roles of participants): Understanding how to take into account who is speaking to whom, in what circumstances, about what, and for what reason.

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Teaching speaking: communicative competence

Instructors help their students develop this body of knowledge by providing authentic practice that prepares students for real-life communication situations.

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Teaching speaking: communicative competence

Instructors help their students

develop the ability to produce grammatically correct, logically connected sentences that are appropriate to specific contexts, and to do so using acceptable (that is, comprehensible) pronunciation.

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Why use Drama in Speaking Teaching

I hear and I forget,I listen and I remember,I do and I understand(Chinese proverb)

Tell me, and I’ll forget.Show me, and I may not

remember.Involve me, and I’ll

understand.(Native American proverb)

Both sentences are true specializing when studying a language. If learners want to be perfect at any language they should be “do”

practice using it or “involve” in speaking situations.17

Why use Drama in Speaking Teaching?

John Somers (1994) defines drama as a method, as a means of communication and points out that drama tools help us achieve our goals in all school areas and subject.

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Why use Drama in Speaking Teaching?Drama can be fundamental in

establishing better communication, because it shows many aspects of life and includes also elements related to creativity and fantasy.

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Help students to develop oral skills; because it seems that in schools the emphasis has been on written production and, together with this, of course, putting emphasis on reading.

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Why use Drama in Speaking Teaching

Enhance not only creativity and imagination but also sensitivity towards others.

Help students to extends to understanding and feeling sympathy for the experience of others

more confident in themselves when they want to communicate or speak.

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Drama provides with plenty of imagined situations in which a shared understanding of place, time, characters and other contextual information becomes crucial to the quality of the experience

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Why use Drama in Speaking Teaching?The key to good drama lies in

“working with ideas” may open up different opportunities to students. They can create spaces in which they argue, discuss, ask and answer questions, both rationally and passionately, engaging their emotions and their reason at the same time.

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Drama (storytelling and scenarios) can provide students with the possibility of performing interactively in a transformed space, where meaningful communication can take place

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Drama activities for teaching speaking

Role playSimulationsDrama gamesGuided improvisationActing play scriptsPrepared improvised drama

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Drama meets the need of criteria for a good speaking activityInteraction among studentsPersonalizedInformation gapProvoked thinkingInteresting and funVarietyGood length

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Drama meets the need of criteria for a good speaking activityFocusing on language patternsVolume (a lot of speaking)Validity (practicing speaking)Suitable for different level of EnglishMinimal teacher assistanceFocusing on Fluency rather than

accuracyThe end product

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ConclusionSpeaking is an activity used by someone

to communicate with other. It takes place every where and has become part of our life.

Using Drama in Speaking teaching is considered as the effective method. According to Tulay (2007) “Drama is the centre of existence” ,“it is a valuable form of communication” and it provides students with an opportunity to work together cooperatively on a share life.

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DisscussionIs it possible to use Drama

activities for developing speaking competence of primary students?

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

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“Drama with children” project in GoettingenMarch, 2013

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“Drama with children” project

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Thank you for listening!

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Education

Teaching speaking- Communicative competence