Tea From China to Japan , Europe to India a history report by Allah Dad Khan

History Sheet of Tea From China to Japan. West to Europe , Europe

to India and Pakistan By

Allah Dad Khan

ORIGIN OF TEA

Many have heard that tea's beginnings are traced to China in 2737 B.C. when an errant tea leaf blew into the cup of hot water that Emperor Shen Nung was drinking. But many people do not know the rest of the tale. Emperor Shen Nung was also said to have the head and horns of a bull...and a transparent stomach. He would eat plants and herbs and visually observe their effect on his body. The stories say that he was poisoned 72 times in one day. So, it is clear that the "truth" behind the discovery of tea is steeped in lore and mythology.

HISTORY OF TEA

The history of tea is fascinating and offers great insight into the history of our world. Since tea was first discovered in China, it has traveled the world conquering the thirsts of virtually every country on the planet. Tea is the most popular beverage in the world as well as one of the healthiest. If you have ever wondered where tea comes from and how we got to the point where tea is served in virtually every corner of the world, steep a hot cup of tea and explore the history of the simple tea leaf over the centuries

Prehistoric BC to I AD

TIME LINE HISTORY TEA IN WORLD

2737 B.C.E. Tea is reportedly first discovered in China by the mythical second emperor, Shen Nung, known as the Divine Healer, when leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant drift into a heated open pot of water. (The adventurous leader supposedly ate 365 medicinal plants over the course of his lifetime -- until he turned green and died from toxic overdoses.)

2727 BCCHINA - The Emperor Shen Nung discovers tea one day while drinking hot water in his garden.

1200 BCTea is served to King Wen (founder of the Zhou dynasty) as evidenced by early documentation of court life.

1027 BCE King Wen, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, receives tea as tribute from leaders in the Szechwan district.


750. BC The documented evidence according to the history of tea drinking in India dates back to 750 BC

551 - 479 BCE Confucius documented as a tea drinker. 350 B.C.E. The first description of drinking tea is written in a Chinese dictionary. 221-206 BCE Liu Kun, a military leader in the Qin Dynasty writes to his nephew

requesting "real tea" to lift his spirits. 206 BCE One of the first recorded uses of tea is in China during the Han Dynasty (206

BCE–220 CE), in which it was taken medicinally 206 BCE - CE 220 (Han Dynasty.) Emperor specifies proper pronunciation of the word

tea - Cha, distinguishing it from other plants that are descried by the same character 74 -49 BCE Slave contract indicating duties including the buying and making of tea 59 BCE Wang Boa gives instructions in his book on how to buy tea and brew it.

1st AD to 7th

Century


222 AD Tea is first mentioned in Chinese writing in 222 AD as a substitute for wine, and in a circa 350 AD Chinese dictionary

350 Wong Mong a government officer during Southern and Northern Dynasty is described as a man unable to live without tea. His tendency to inundate his guests with tea was referred to as "flooding."

400'sTea joins noodles, vinegar, and cabbage as an item of trade 400 - 600 The demand for tea rose steadily. Rather than harvest leaves from

wildtrees, farmers began to develop ways to cultivate tea. Tea was commonly madeintoroasted cakes, which were then pounded into small pieces and placed in a china pot. After adding boiling water, onion, spices, ginger or orange were introduced to produce many regional variations.


479 Turkish traders bartered for tea on the Mongolian border. 508, tea seeds first reached Japan via a Buddhist monk named Dengyo Daishi (also

known as Saicho) who had been studying in China 542 Tea bartered with the Turkic peoples 593 Buddhism and tea journey from China to Japan. Japanese priests studying in

China carried tea seeds and leaves back.

600'sChinese character c'ha, meaning tea, comes into use


600'sChinese character c'ha, meaning tea, comes into use 618 – 906 AD T'ang Dynasty. Powdered tea became the fashion of the time. It was

often mixed with other ingredients and brewed, reducing the real tea taste. Nobility made tea a popular pastime. Caravans carried tea on the Silk Road, trading with India , Turkey, and Russia.

620. Originally, all porcelain teacups were made in China, starting around 620 A.D. Poet Lu Yu, wrote the first book of tea, making him a living saint, patronized by the Emperor himself. The book described methods of cultivation and preparation

648-749 A Japanese monk named Gyoki plants the first tea bushes in 49 Buddhist temple gardens. Tea in Japan is rare and expensive, enjoyed mostly by high priests and the aristocracy.

8th Century 701 -800


708 In China, boiled water is safer to drink than untreated water, and tea becomes popular accompanied by the belief that tea has medicinal properties

725. The Chinese give tea give its own character: ch'a. 727The Japanese Emperor Shomu receives a gift of China tea from a visiting T'ang

emissary 729JAPAN - The Emperor Shomu serves Chinese tea to visiting monks. The monks are

inspired by the tea and decide to grow it in Japan. The monk Gyoki dedicates his entire life to the cultivation of tea in Japan, during which time he built 49 temples, each with a tea garden.


780CHINA - The first tax on tea in China, due to its popularity. The first book on tea, the Ch'a Ching (The Classic of Tea), written by the poet Lu Yu is published.Tea drinking becomes very popular at court, inspiring the custom of "Tribute tea", whereby tea growers "donate" their very best tea to the Emperor and the Imperialcourt.Due to its popularity, tea is taxed for the first tax in China.

780 Lu Yu (the father of tea) publishes the Cha Ching (or Tea Classic), summing up everything that is known about tea at that point. Tea drinking is developed into an art with prescribed rituals. China is the largest empire on the earth, trading tea with most of its neighbors. Kukai, patriarch of the Shingon sect of Buddhism, brought tea in the brick form from China to the Japanese court in the early ninth century.

794Japanese monks plant tea bushes in Kyoto's Imperial gardens.

9th Century 801 - 1600


805 The Buddhist monk Saicho brought tea seeds to Japan from China. 900Japan is again influenced by Chinese culture, when Japanese scholars return from a visit to

China bearing tea. 960 - 1280 Song (Sung) Dynasty. Tea was used widely. Powdered tea had become common.

Beautiful ceramic tea accessories were made during this time. Dark-blue, black and brown glazes, which contrasted with the vivid green of the whisked tea, were favored.

1012 Cai Xiang is born. Becomes Fijian Province's tea commissioner and widely accepted as the most discerning tea palette of his day. "Tea tastings" at this time are popular entertainment among the government officials

1101 - 1125 Emperor Hui Tsung wrote about the best ways to make whisked tea.Astrong patron of the tea industry, he had tournaments in which members ofthecourt identified different types of tea. Legend has it that he became so obsessed with tea he hardly noticed the Mongols who overthrew his empire. During his reign, teahouses built in natural settings became popular among the Chinese. 1191 Eisai Myoan, the monk who brought Zen Buddhism to Japan, returned from a trip to China with tea seeds, which he planted on the grounds of his temple near Kyoto. Eisai experimented with different ways to brew tea, finally adopting the Chinese whisked tea.


1107The Emperor Hui Tsung (1082-1135) writes about the many aspects of tea in his treatise called Ta Kuan Ch'a Lun

1191JAPAN - The Buddhist abbot Yeisei re-introduces tea to Japan after travels in China. He brings tea seeds and knowledge of Buddhist rituals involving a bowl of shared tea. He also writes the first Japanese book about tea.

1192-1333 .Kamakura Period Tea was elevated to an art form with the creation of the Japanese ritual tea ceremony (“Cha-no-yu”), a ritual for the preparation, serving, and drinking of tea. The ceremony became institutionalized during the Kamakura period (1192 – 1333 AD) when tea was taken by Zen Buddhist monks to keep them awake during meditations.

TIME LINE HISTORY TEA IN WORLD 1206 - 1368 Yuan Dynasty. Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan conquered

Chinese territories and established a Mongolian dynasty in power for more than a century. Tea became an ordinary drink, never regaining the high status it once enjoyed. Marco Polo was not even introduced to tea when he visited.

1211 In Japan, Eisai wrote a small book on tea, elevating its popularity further.

1227 Dogen returns from China with a wide assortment of tea utensils. In his instructions on daily life at the Eiheiji temple, he gives instructions for tea ceremonies.

1261JAPAN - Buddhist monks travel across Japan, spreading the art of tea and the Zen doctrine

1280 Mongolia takes over China and since the Emperor of Mongol isn't a "tea guy," tea drinking dies down in the courts and among the aristocracy. The masses continue to indulge.

TIME LINE HISTORY TEA IN WORLD 1370 B.C., processed leaves replaced the tea cakes and tea is traded as a

commodity throughout Asia and Europe. 1368 - 1644 Ming Dynasty. People again began to enjoy tea. The new

method of preparation was steeping whole leaves in water. The resulting pale liquid necessitated a lighter color ceramic than was popular in the past. The white and off white tea-ware produced became the style of the time. The first Yixing pots were made at this time.

1391 Chu Yuan-chang decrees that brick tea should no longer be produced, and that all tribute tea should be leaf tea. (The production of brick tea for the imperial court had been a highly complex and very expensive process, an extravagant source of corruption and waste.) Once cake tea was no longer available, the ritual of preparing whisked tea from powdered tea is abandoned. Brewed tea becomes the most popular way to prepare tea. Early forms of teapots are used.

1394 -1481 Ikkyu, a prince who became a priest, was successful in guiding the nobles away from their corruption of the tea ceremony.

TIME LINE HISTORY TEA IN WORLD 1400'sTea drinking becomes prevalent among the masses in Japan

1422 - 1502 The Japanese tea ceremony was created by a Zen priest named Murata Shuko, who haddevoted his life to tea. The ceremony is called Cha No Yu, which means "hot water for tea.“

1448 Japan's Shogun Yoshimasa encourages painting, drama and tea.

1477The Japanese Shogun Ashikaga-Yoshimasa builds the first tearoom at his palace in Kyoto. He employs the Buddhist priest Shuko to develop a ceremony around the service of tea. The practice and etiquette of "chanoyu" ("hot water tea") is born.

1484 Japan's shogun Yoshimasa encourages tea ceremonies, painting, and drama. 1500 Teapots in China take on the familiar shape used today. In the fifteenth and

sixteenth centuries a newly prosperous and influential merchant class develops in Japan and tea becomes available to a wider circle of people.

1521-1591JAPAN - Sen Rikyu, known as the "father of tea" in Japan, codifies the tea ceremony.


1522 .The tea master Sen Rikyu (1522-1591) developed WABICHA or the style of tea that reflects a simple and quiet Taste

1559.Ramusioin in 1559. It is thought that the first European to see tea was the Portuguese Jesuit Father, Jasper de Cruz

1560 .The first European to personally encounter tea and write about it was the Portuguese Jesuit missionary, Father Jasper de Cruz in 1560

1560. He was a missionary on the first commercial trading trip that was permitted by China from Portugal. Tea was brought to Europe by the Dutch in the early 1600s by the Dutch East India Co.


1589 Europeans learn about tea when a Venetian author credits the lengthy lives of Asians to their tea drinking.1597 Tea is mentioned for the first time in an English translation of Dutch navigator Jan Hugo van Linschooten's travels, in which he refers to tea as chaa.

1600 - Queen Elizabeth l (1533-1603) granted permission for the charter of the British East India Company (1600-1858), also known as the John Company, on December 31, 1600 to establish trade routes, ports, and trading relationships with the Far East, Southeast Asia, and India Trade in spices was its original focus, but later traded in cottons, silks, indigo, saltpeter, and tea. Due to political and other factors, the tea trade didn’t begin until the late 1670s

17th-18th Century 1601 -

1800

TIME LINE HISTORY TEA IN WORLD 1601 English East India Company founded. 1602 .East India Company, Dutch, 1602–1798, chartered by the States-

General of the Netherlands 1610 The Dutch brought tea to Europe from China, trading dried sage in

exchange. 1618 Chinese ambassadors presented Czar Alexis with a gift of several

chests of tea. 1618RUSSIA - Tea is introduced to Russia, when the Chinese embassy visits

Moscow, bringing a chest of tea as a gift for the Czar Alexis.

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/East_India_Company


1635EUROPE - The "tea heretics" (doctors and university authorities) of Holland argue over the positive and negative effects of tea, while the Dutch continue to enjoy their newfound beverage.

1637 Wealthy Dutch merchants' wives serve tea at parties. 1644 Manchus invade China and take power as the Quing dynasty. Tea makers discover the secrets

of controlled "fermentation" or oxidation of the leaves before and during the drying process. Oolong and Black (red) teas are developed. As a result the coloration of tea cups changes to lighter hues.


1650 -1700 Tea parties become quite trendy among women across the social classes. Husbands cry family ruin, and religious reformers call for a ban.

1650 The Dutch introduce several teas and tea traditions to New Amsterdam, which later becomes New York

1650/1660NORTH AMERICA - A Dutch trader introduces tea to the Dutch settlers in New Amsterdam (a small settlement in North America). Later, when the English acquired this colony,

they found that the inhabitants of New Amsterdam (or New York as they chose to re-name it) consumed more tea than all of England.

1652EUROPE - Tea is introduced to England by the Dutch East India Company. 1657 The first tea is sold as a health beverage in London, England at. Garway's Coffee House


1658For the first time tea is made publicly available at Thomas Garaway's Coffee House in London.1658 Tea is advertised in England as China drink 1660England's first tax on tea, levied at 8 pence for every gallon of tea sold at the coffeehouses. 1660 Unknown in Britain, Chinese tea is brought over by sailors and first served up in London’s coffee houses. 1661 The debate over tea's health benefits versus detriments heightens when a Dutch doctor praises its curative

side while French and German doctors call out its harmful side


1662King Charles II married the Portuguese Princess Catherine of Braganza, who, not only introduced tea at court, but also brought to England (as part of her dowry), the territories of Bombay and Tangiers. This added strategic impetus to the already-strong monopoly of the John Foundation.1664 The English East India Company brings the gift of tea to the British king and queen.• The British take over New

Amsterdam, name it New York, and a British tea tradition ensues.1664Tea drinking becomes very fashionable among the aristocracy of England, although the debate continues as to its

medicinal value or harm1666 Holland tea prices drop to $80-$100 per pound.1669 The English East India Company monopolizes British tea imports after convincing the British government to ban

Dutch imports of tea.


1670The English begin to make and use silver teapots. 1675EUROPE - In Holland, tea is widely available for purchase in common food shops. 1680EUROPE - Tea drinking becomes a popular pastime in Europe, as a result of a craze

for anything Oriental. The Marquise Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, is recorded to have added milk to her tea. An addition of milk to hot tea was made to prevent thedelicate porcelain cup (Oriental influence) from cracking.Tea is introduced to the Scottish aristocracy by the Duchess of York (future wife of King James II)


1685England begins to trade directly with China. Tea and the Chinese word t'e (Amoy dialect) is brought to England directly from the Amoy region.

1689RUSSIA - The Trade Treaty of Newchinsk establishes a common border between China and Russia, allowing trade caravans to cross freely. The trade caravans consisting of over 200 camels take over 16 months to cross the 11,000 miles between Moscow and Beijing. As a result, the cost of tea in Russia is high, and is drunk only by those who can afford it.Realizing the potential popularity of tea and the money it could generate, the British Crown levies a 5-shilling per pound tax on dried tea. This will eventually lead to widespread smuggling.

1698Due to popular demand, English potters of Staffordshire begin a local industry, making earthenware teapots, cups and saucers

TIME LINE HISTORY TEA IN WORLD 1669 Close to 150 pounds of tea were shipped to England. 1670 The Massachusetts colony is known to drink black tea. 1680 Tea with milk is mentioned in Madam de Sévigné's letters.The Duchess of York

introduces tea to Scotland. 1689 Traders with three hundred camels traveled 11,000 miles to China and back in order to

supply Russia's demand. The trip took sixteen months. 1690 The first tea is sold publicly in Massachusetts. 1697 In Taiwan, settlers of Formosa's Nantou county cultivated the first domestic bushes.

Dutch ships carried the tea to Persia, the first known export of Taiwanese tea. 1699EUROPE - England imports an average of 40,000 pounds of tea


1700 By 1700, tea was on sale by more than 500 coffee houses in London. Tea drinking became even more popular when Queen Anne (1665–1714) chose tea over ale as her regular breakfast drink. Anne's character was once portrayed as a tea-drinking, social nonentity with lesbian tendencies.

1702 During Queen Anne's reign, tea drinking thrives in British coffeehouses. 1705 The yearly importation of tea to England grew to approximately 800,000 pounds 1706 Thomas Twining serves up tea at Tom's Coffee House in London 1710 Wealthy American Colonists developed a taste for tea. 1717 Thomas Twining opens first "tea-only" house and invites women to enjoy the

previously "men-only" drink.


1717 Thomas Twining converted Toim’s Coffee House into the golden Lyon, the first

teashop in London. 1707Thomas Twinning opens his famous Toms Coffee House in London1708EUROPE -

England imports an annual average 240,000 pounds of tea. People of all levels of society now drink tea in England.

1716Tea is brought to Canada by the Hudson Bay Company. 1717Thomas Twinning converts his coffeehouse to the first teashop "The Golden Lyon",

which becomes the first place for women to meet and socialize in public.\ 1723 British Prime Minister Robert Walpole reduces British import taxes on tea. 1730'sEUROPE - The popularity of tea wanes in France, in favor of coffee, wine and

chocolate.Now viewed as a valuable commodity, the first Chinese teas are sold at auctions in Europe


1735 The Russian Empress extends tea as a regulated trade.• In order to fill Russia's tea demand, traders and three hundred camels travel 11,000 miles to and from China, which takes sixteen months.• Russian tea-drinking customs emerge, which entail using tea concentrate, adding hot water, topping it with a lemon, and drinking it through a lump of sugar held between the teeth.

1744 First attempt at tea cultivation in the United States. 1750Black tea exceeds green tea in popularity in Europe 1750 By this point, tea is the favoured drink of Britain’s lower classes, in spite of the

huge taxes it carries. These taxes are reduced in the middle of the 19th century. 1765Josiah Wedgewood's ceramic ware creates a splash and sets a new standard for

English teaware. 1767England imposes high taxes on tea and other items sent to the American colonists.

The colonists, resenting the monopoly that England has over them, begins to smuggle tea in from Holland.

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/United_States


1772 Tea first successfully cultivated in the United States. 1773EUROPE - The John Company and the East India Company merge, forming the New East India Company. This

new company had a complete monopoly on all trade and commerce in India and China. Trade with China is expensive however, and England's solution to its financial problem is opium. They begin to trade opium, (which they could grow cheaply in India) with the Chinese for tea. The Chinese would become addicted to the supply of opium, ensuring a constant supply of cheap tea to the English.The famous Boston Tea Party occurs when American patriots dressed as Mohawk Indians push 342 chests of tea overboard. This act would eventually lead to the American Declaration of Independence of 1776.


1774 A furious British Parliament passes the Coercive Acts in response to the American "tea party" rebellions.• King George III agrees to the Boston Port Bill, which closes the Boston Harbor until the East India Company is reimbursed for its tea.

1775 After several British attempts to end the taxation protests, the American Revolution begins. 1776 A law is passed in Britain against adulterating tea 1778 Before the indigenous Assam tea plants are identified, British naturalist Sir Joseph Banks, hired by the East

India Company, suggests that India grow, plant and cultivate imported Chinese tea. For 50 years, India is unsuccessful

1780Tea smuggling is rampant in England as people resort to illegal measures to avoid paying the high tax on tea. 1784 Parliament further reduces the British import taxes on tea in an effort to end the smuggling that accounts

for the majority of the nation's tea imports. 1785 11 million pounds of tea are brought into England. 1797 English tea drinking hits a rate of 2 pounds per capita annually, a rate that increases by five times over the

next 10 years


1784The grandson of Thomas Twinning persuades the Prime Minister William Pitt to drop the high taxes on tea, not only eliminating smuggling, but making tea an affordable luxury to Brits of all walks of life. The Comte de la Rochefoucauld writes:"Throughout the whole of England the drinking of tea is general. You have it twice a day and though the expense is considerable, the humblest peasant has his tea just like the rich man

1789NORTH AMERICA - The American Revolution is over, and America begins to trade directly with China. They would eventually break England's tea monopoly with their faster sailing ships, and honest way of doing business (they paid gold, not Opium for tea)

1799 French botanist Francois Andre Michaux, brought the Camellia sinensis plant to the United States and gave it to Henry Middleton

.1800Tea gardens become popular haunts for fashionable Londoners

18th-19th Century 1801 - 1900

TIME LINE HISTORY TEA IN WORLD 1812 Andrew Melrose founded Melrose's tea company. 1818The Temperance Movement is founded as a result of rampant alcoholism brought

on by the Industrial Revolution. Members seek salvation for the drunken men with "tea and god on their side". This movement eventually inspired the word "teetotaling“

1822 The Tetley brothers started in business.

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Andrew_Melrose

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Melrose's


1823The first Indian tea bushes are "discovered" growing wild in the Assam region of India by British Army Major Robert Bruce

1824 John Cadbury, a young English Quaker fresh from his apprenticeship at teahouses in Leeds, opens a grocery store at 93 Bull Street in Birmingham. Tea and coffee are his main commodities along with a newly imported product, cocoa. In 1831 he shifts the focus of his business to drinking chocolate and in 1849 manufactures his first chocolate bars

1826The first packaged tea is made available for purchase in England by the Horniman Tea Company. 1826 Dutch introduced tea cultivation in Java 1827The first Chinese tea seeds are planted in Java by an entrepreneurial Dutchman (J.I.L.L. Jacobsen),

who smuggled both the seeds and teamen out of China. The Chinese plant did not thrive however, and was later supplanted by the hardier Assam variety.

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Java


1815-1831 Samples of indigenous Indian tea plants are sent to an East India Company botanist who is slowly convinced that they are bona fide tea plants.

1824 a tea plant was brought to Ceylon by the British from China and was planted in the Royal Botanical Gardens in Peradeniya for non-commercial purposes.

1826 English Quaker John Horniman introduces the first retail tea in sealed, lead-lined packages. 1830 Congress reduces U.S. duties on coffee and tea and other imports. 1833 By an act of the British Prime Minister Charles Grey (the second Earl Grey and the namesake of the famous

tea), the East India Company loses its monopoly in the trade with China, mostly in tea. 1834The "Tea Committee", appointed by the Governor-General Lord William Cavendish Bentinck, reports that tea

can be successfully grown in India.Experiments with tea planting are conducted in the Darjeeling region of India.


1835 The East India Company starts the first tea plantations in Assam, India. 1837 The first American consul at Canton, Major Samuel Shaw, trades cargo for tea and silk, earning investors a

great return on their capital and encouraging more Americans to trade with China. 1837 Joseph and Edward Tetley start up their business in Yorkshire. In 1856 they move to Cullum Street, London, just yards

from the tea auction rooms. 1838The British seriously set about planting and cultivating tea in the Assam region of India. 1839The first chests of Assam tea arrive at the London Tea auctions. The British are ecstatic as this means that

they are now able to successfully grow their own tea.

1837 Pic


1839 Black Assam tea arrives in London from India in large quantities. From this point on Black tea sales increase and Green tea sales decrease.

1840EUROPE - Anna the 7th Duchess of Bedford invents "Afternoon Tea" to abolish the "sinking feeling" she experienced during the long gap between breakfast and dinner.

1840 Between 1839 and 1840, tea seed and plants were sent to the Royal Botanic Gardens in the Kandy district, but these early arrivals were largely ignored for the more lucrative coffee craze that had seized the region

1842CHINA - The Opium Wars end with England winning "the right" to trade opium for tea. 1843Tea and ale vie for the place at the breakfast table in England. Brewers lobby the government to increase

taxes on tea and spread rumors of its addictive quality, out of fear that tea will become more popular than ale 1849 Parliament ends the Britain's Navigation Acts, and U.S. clipper ships are allowed to transport China tea to

British ports.• Tea wholesaler Henry Charles Harrod takes over a London grocery store and grows it into one of the world's largest departmen


1850'sEUROPE - The world's nations competed with one another in global clipper races to lay claim to the fastest ships. The fast sailing ships would race all the way from China to England, and up the Thames river to the Tea Exchange in London, where they would present the year's first crop of tea to be auctioned. Steamships would replace these tall ships by 1871.

1851Full of "tea pride" the British exhibit their own Assam-grown tea at the Great Exhibition. 1852 ames Taylor was a British citizen who introduced commercial tea plantation in Sri Lanka (Ceylon). He

arrived to Sri Lanka in 1852 and settled down in Loolecondera estate in Kandy 1853 r. Robert Fortune, an English Botanist who, after studying tea cultivation for 4 years in China,

brought 20,000 plants in 1853 to establish tea gardens in India. 1854The British introduce tea to Morocco. 1856 Tea is planted in and about Darjeeling, India.


1859 Local New York merchant George Huntington Hartford and his employer George P. Gilman give the A&P retail chain its start as the Great American Tea Company store. Hartford and Gilman buy whole clipper shipments from the New York harbor and sell the tea 1/3 cheaper than other merchants

1862 Ladurée tea shop opened in Paris 1863 East India Company started tea production in Nepal 1866The Great Tea Race begins in Foochow on May 28th, and ends in Gravesend on

September 7th. The Taeping wins over the Ariel by 20 minutes. 1867Scotsman James Taylor, manager of a coffee plantation in Ceylon, experiments with

growing tea, planting both the China and India seed. The Assam seed flourishes and becomes the first commercial tea from Ceylon.

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Ladur%C3%A9e

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/East_India_Company

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Nepal


1869Ceylon's coffee industry is devastated by a coffee blight. The Suez Canal opens, shortening the trip to China and making steamships more economical.• In a marketing effort to capitalize on the transcontinental rail link fervor, the Great American Tea Company is renamed the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company.• A plant fungus ruins the coffee crop in Ceylon and spreads throughout the Orient and the Pacific, giving a hefty boost to tea drinking.

1870Clipper ships are outdated by the development of faster steamers. 1872 The Adulteration of Food, Drink, and Drugs Act deems the sale of adulterated drugs or other

unlabeled mixtures with foreign additives that increase weight as punishable offenses. 1875 A new British Sale of Food and Drugs Law calls adulteration hazardous to personal health and

increases its legal consequences to a heavy fine or imprisonment.


1876 Thomas Johnstone Lipton opens his first shop in Glasgow, using American merchandising methods he learned working in the grocery section of a New York department store

1878The Assam tea seed is planted in Java. It thrives over the earlier planted China variety. Tea is planted in Malawi, and becomes the first to be cultivated in Africa

1880Scottish grocer Thomas Lipton buys numerous tea plantations in Ceylon, and goes on to revolutionize tea production in Ceylon.

1882 After occupying Indochina (1882) the French immediately paid a lot of attention to growing tea.


1885 the French made the first survey on the tea plant in Viet Nam 1883 Skilled workers from the Macau Region of China introduced into Portugal 1890 Thomas Lipton buys tea estates in Ceylon, in order to sell tea at a reasonable price at his

growing chain of 300 grocery stores. Skilled workers from the Macau Region of China introduced into Portugal1893 Thomas J Lipton Co. is established

as a tea packing company with its headquarters and factory in Hoboken, New Jersey. 1894The first Lyons Tea Shop opens in Lo ndon. Lyons became famous for the saying "tea for two", meaning a pot of tea for a two-pence.


1895 Assam tea plants take over imported Chinese plants in India and its tea market booms.1897 The Orchard (tea room) opened.

1898Tea is introduced to Iran. 1900RUSSIA - The Trans-Siberian Railroad is completed, ending camel caravan trade between

Russia and China. In Russia, tea has become the national beverage (besides Vodka). Tea is planted in the Botanical gardens at Entebbe, Uganda. In England, teashops become the popular place for the working class to take their afternoon tea. By this time Lyon's has over 250 teashops, and taking tea, as meal away from home becomes a pert of daily life. The proprietor of the Aerated Bread Company begins to serve tea in the back of her shop to her favorite customers. Her back room becomes such a popular place to take afternoon tea, that the company decides to open an actual teashop, the first of a chain of shops that would come to be known as the ABC teashop.

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/The_Orchard_(tea_room)

19th-20th Century 1901 - 2000


1900 Scientific Department of Indian Tea Association (ITA) established 1903Tea is planted in Kenya at Limuru. 1904NORTH AMERICA - The first "iced tea" was served at the St. Louis World's Fair. A certain tea merchant had

planned to give away samples of his tea to the fair-goers, and when unable to think of anything else to do when a heat wave threatened his plans, he dumped ice into his hot tea.

1904 Iced tea is sold at the St Louis Worlds Fair 1906The Book of Tea is written by Okakura Kakuzo, thus introducing the west to the Japanese Tea Ceremony and

its history. 1908NORTH AMERICA - A New York tea merchant named Thomas Sullivan packages his samples of tea in silk

sachets, as a way to cut down on his costs. His customers, mistaking his intentions, like the convenience of simply dunking the sachet into hot water, and begin to order their tea in this fashion. The teabag is born.

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Indian_Tea_Association


1909 Thomas Lipton begins blending and packaging his tea in New York. 1910 Sumatra, Indonesia becomes a cultivator and exporter of tea followed by Kenya and

parts of Africa. 1911 Tocklai Experimental Station established, India. 1914British workers are given tea breaks throughout the day as this is thought to improve

their productivity.British soldiers are given tea as part of their rations. 1924 Mrs Florence Philips, a tea planter's wife smuggled a box of tea seeds out of India and

these were planed in Chipinge (Southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe): led to the development of the tea industry in the then colony

1930 PG tips launched


1938 the Tea Research Institute commenced work on vegetative propagation at St. Coombs Estate in Talawakele, and in 1940 it developed immunity to the threatening Tea Tortrix Caterpillar to protect the crops

1939 Tetley’s British representative, TI Tetley- Jones, goes to America and brings back the idea of the tea bag. In 1940, the first Tetley tea bag machines, known as the grey ladies, stitch 40 tea bags a minute for export.

1940 Tea rationing is introduced in Britain 1946 Nestle USA introduced the first instant tea, Nestea 1947 Tapal foundation by Adam Ali Tapal 1948 Lipton was launched in Pakistan in 1948 and is one of the oldest brands in the country 1950The Japanese Grand Tea Master (Urasenke School), Sositsu Sen devotes his life to spreading the Way

of Tea around the world.1953The paper teabag is developed by the Tetley tea Company, thus transforming tea-drinking habits around the world

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Nestea


1953 To great public joy, World War Two tea rationing is finally lifted and the foundations are laid for Tetley to bring the tea bag to the UK market for the first time.

1954 Rooibos Tea Control Board established

1958 The first tea experiments were initiated in the then West Pakistan (present Pakistan) in village Baffa (district Mansehra, NWFP) under the auspices of Pakistan Tea Board in 1958

1960 The first pump driven espresso machine is made 1964 n. Subsequently, efforts to grow tea were reinitiated in1964 at Misriot Dam near Rawalpindi but due to unfavorable soil and

climatic conditions could not achieve the desired results . After the delinking of East Pakistan the entire requirement of tea is imported by Pakistan . Pakistan is the 3rd largest importer of tea after England and Russia and the consumption is increasing day by day with the increase in population.

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Rooibos_Tea_Control_Board

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Rooibos_Tea_Control_Board


1971 Soon after the separation of East Pakistan in 1971, a cell of special crops was created in the Ministry of Food and Agriculture Government of Pakistan and a project entitled "Research and Introduction of Tea in Pakistan" was re-initiated in 1973-74.Later on, the project was handed over to Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Islamabad. In order to carryout

1973 In1973 and initiated a project called “Research and Introduction of Tea in Pakistan”.Asoil survey of the prospective tea growing areas of NWFP was carried out


1976-77 Systematic studies on tea, about V/i acres of land was planted under tea in 1976-77 at village Baffa (District Mansehra).

1977 Tea Ordinance 1977 established the Bangladesh Tea Board 1982 Subsequently, in 1982, a four member team of Chinese tea experts was invited under the technical co-

operation programme, who surveyed the prospective tea growing areas of northern Pakistan in order to study the feasibility of tea cultivation in the country. Based on their Feasibility Report.

1980 Lu-Yu Tea Culture Institute, previously known as Lu Yu Tea Art Center founded in Taipe In 1980 Sri Lanka became the official supplier of tea at the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games, in 1982 at the

12th Commonwealth Games in

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http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Lu-Yu_Tea_Culture_Institute


1982 and was followed up again in and was followed up again 1983 Collaborative Tea Research Programme was developed under which a scientist

from PARC was sent to China in 1983 to study tea cultivation and its processing there. Subsequently, having observed the satisfactory growth of tea plants at Daively (District Mansehra), a contract on technical assistance for tea cultivation in Pakistan was signed between Pakistan and China for a period of 3 years commencing from April, 1985.

1984 Museum of tea ware founded


1986 The National Tea Research Station was established in 1986 at Shinkiari, District Mansehra

1986 The Station was established in 1986 on 50 acres land at Shinkiari, District Mansehra aimed at undertaking systematic research for evolving tea production package and promoting tea. plantation in the prospective area

1987.Tapal Dander introduced 1988. The Chinese experts visited the prospective tea growing areas again in 1988 and

submitted a comprehensive report on the economic feasibility of tea cultivation in Pakistan.


1989 Evaluated tea quality, which ranked 2nd best in grade at the International Tea Market, London in 1989.

1989 by Chinese tea experts. About 60,000 ha of land was identified suitable for tea growing in Mansehra and Swat districts base

1990 Tapal Mezban introduced 1990 An Elvis-inspired Gaffer celebrates the launch of the Round Bag. By 2004,

the Tetley range of teas has grown to offer fruit and herbal infusions, green teas and speciality blends… and we’re still updating and innovating today


1991 Hangzhou National Tea Museum opened. 1992 Museum to commemorate James Taylor built in Ceylon

1993 Reform process which included removal of a government subsidy on tea consumption in May 1993.

1995 Tetley Group created 1996 The Station has been upgraded to the level of institute in1996

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http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/James_Taylor


1998 Revolution Tea is founded on the idea of bringing premium, full-leaf teas to consumers Brooke Bond tea cards ceased production. Tea began to be grown as a commercial crop on theTregothnan estate is in Cornwall, UK, with the first harvest in 2005. 1999

2000 Revolution Tea introduces the first flow-through Infuser tea bag, which captures the flavor and aroma of loose, full-leaf tea in the convenience of a tea bag.

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Tregothnan

20 th-21st Century 2001 – 2015


2001 The first black tea processing plant with the capacity of one ton made tea per day was established at NTRI by PARC with the technical assistance of Chinese Engineers during 2001.

2000 Revolution Tea introduces the first flow-through Infuser tea bag, which captures the flavor and aroma of loose, full-leaf tea in the convenience of a tea bag


2003 In 2003, as much as 109,000 tonnes of tea were consumed in Pakistan, placing it as the seventh largest tea-consuming country in the world

2003 Egypt’s apparent consumption in 2003 was 77 400 tonnes 2003 Turkey has one of the world’s highest per capita consumption levels, at 2.11

kg per person in 2003. 2004 World tea production reached 3.2 million tonnes in 2004


2006 India is the country with the most tea consumption in the world - an average of 651,000 metric tons per year. China is second, and consumes about 463,000 metric tons per year. The United States is number one consumer of iced tea, with between 80% and 85% of our total tea consumed that

2007 Tenfu Tea College established 2010 Pakistan is likely to become the world's largest importer of tea by the year 2 2011 Tapal tea introduced in Pakistan

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Tenfu_Tea_College

http://tea.wikia.com/wiki/Tenfu_Tea_College

Education

Tea From China to Japan , Europe to India a history report by Allah Dad Khan