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3 00 (w Z bkZ ) U v K v g v | Tafseerul Quran (30th Part) by Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib, Professor, Department of Arabic, University of Rajshahi. Published by : HADEETH FOUNDATION BANGLADESH. Nawdapara, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Ph & Fax : 88-0721-861365, 01835-423410. Price : $10 (Ten) only.

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K v wdq vn (h _ ) | B qv n Bq v B e by A v e x K v Qx i G bv gK iY K i Q b| K v iY G UzK z Z B Q v jv Z h _ Ges G wU e Z xZ Q v jv Z n q bv (KziZzex)| ( 12) Iq v wdq v n ( c~Y ) | mywdq v b we b Dq vq bv G bv gK iY K iQ b| KviY G m~iv wU m e` v c~Y fv e c oZ n q | Av av Av wa K i ` y iv K A v Z c ov hv q bv (KziZzex)| ( 13) Iq v wK q v n ( n dv hZ K v ix ) | ( 14) K v b&h ( L wb) | G Qv ov I dv wZn vZ zj KziA v b, m~iv Zzj n v g&` , K &i, dv wZ n vn , wgbv n , `v A v , m Iqv j, gybv Rv Z , Zvdfx h , gv mA v jvn , iv -wKq vn , b~i, A v j-nv g&` ywjjv n , B j&gyj B q vK x b, m~iv Zzj n v g&w` j E jv , m~iv Z yj nv g&w` j K zQ iv | G B fv e bv g ewi d j m ~iv dv wZ nv i ghv ` v ew c q Q |1 3

c K v k _ v K h , c we KziA v bi m~iv m g~ n i GK ev G K v wa K bv gK iY , gv x I gv ` v bx m~iv i A v M -wc Q m s hv Rb I Av qv Z m g~ n i webK iY m e wK Qz Z v IKx dx A _v r A v jv n&i A wn KZ K c Z v w` I iv m~j (Q v t ) KZ K m wb e wkZ , hv A c wieZbx q |1 4 G i g a M ~p Z m g~n wbwn Z i q Q |

AeZiYKvj : m ec _ g m~iv Av jv K- G i c _ g cuv P wU Av qv Z g vq bv whj n q |1 5 A Zt c i Kq K w` b A wn -i we iwZK v j kl m~iv gy v Q&wQ i- G i c_ g 5 wU Av qv Z bv whj n q |1 6 A b e Ybv q 7wU A vq v Z i K _v G m Q |1 7 Z v ic i me c_ g c ~Y v sM m~iv wn m v e m~iv dv wZ n v bv whj nq | 1 8

8 . wn Ri 15/ 8 7; e yL v i x Zv jx K n v / 4 704 ; A v n gv ` n v / 978 7, wZi wgh x n v / 3 124 , A v e y` v E ` n v / 14 57| 9. gym wjg n v / 3 95, bv m v C n v / 909; wgk K v Z n v / 8 23 | 10. e yL v i x n v / 573 6, gym wjg n v / 2201| 11. e yL v i x n v / 756, gym wjg n v / 3 94 , 8 06; wgk K v Z n v / 8 22, 2124 | 12. ` v i gx n v / 3 3 70, gyn v wK : m v Bb A v m v ` m v jx g, m b` gyi m v j Q n x n ; wgk K v Z n v / 2170| 13 . Avym mvvi `njfx, Zvdmxi m~ivq dvwZnv (KivPx : gvKZvev AvBq~weqvn, 4_ ms iY, 1385/

1965), ct 68-92| MnxZ : LvhxbvZzj Avmivi; myq~Zx, Avj-BZKvb; fycvjx, Av`-`xbyj LvwjQ| 14 . gy v d v K A v jv Bn , wgk K v Z n v / 2098 - 99; e yL v i x n v / 4 53 6; Zv d m x i K zi Zze x 1/ 60| 15. Be by K v Q x i 4 / 564 | 16. e yL v i x , d v r j e v i x n v / 3 - Gi e v L v , 1/ 3 7; H, n v / 4 926 Zv d m x i A av q- 65, A by Q ` - 5| 17. Be by K v Q x i 8 / 23 5| M n x Z : Zv e v i v Yx , m b` h Cd , Zv n K x K Be by K v Q x i | 18 . gvbv Avj-Kvvb, gvevwnQ dx Dj~wgj KziAvb (Kvqiv : gvKZvev Iqvnevn, 13k ms iY 2004 Lt) ct 64|


1 0

welqe :

m ~iv dv wZn v i g~j we l q e n j `v A v ev cv _bv | G K vi Y B G B m~iv i A bZ g bvg

n j m~iv Z z` y` Av | ivm~jyj v n (Q vt ) G ikv ` K ib, >H;S0O2T UV;W= 5 =(>0 =(X 6 0>H;S0O2T .0=7* >;0/$9= = k whK &i n j jv -B jvn v B jv jvn G e s k ` v Av n j

A v jn v g y`wjjv n ev m~iv dv wZ nv |1 9 G i v iv GK _ vB eySv bv n q Q h , gnv M A v j-KziA v b n Z dv q` v c Z M j Z v K A e k B D wbq Z A v jv n&i wbK U

c v _bv K i Z n e | G B m~iv Z e wYZ g~j ` v Av n j 5 g A v q v Z , =(/J >Y0@# *0=;/9$/=E0Q0 Zzwg A v gv ` iK m ij c _ c` k b K i ! e Z t m g KziA v bB D

c v _bv i we v wiZ RIq v e |

`vAvi Av`e :

A m~iv Z `v A v K iv i A v `e wk v ` Iq v n q Q| 1g n Z 3q A vq vZ c h hv i wbK U cv _bv K iv ne , m B gn v b mwK Z v Avjv n&i c k sm v K iv n q Q | A Zt c i 4_ A v qv Z Zuv i c wZ c~Y A v byM Z c` k b K iv n q Q I K e jgv Zuv i wbK U _ K B mv nv h Kv gbvi wbq Z v c` v b K iv nq Q | A Ztc i 5 g A vq v Z g~j ` v A v i we lq e wQ iv Z gy v K x g- G i n` vq v Z cv _ bv K iv n q Q | 6 I 7g A vq vZ q g~jZ t 5 g Av qv Z i e vL v wn mv e G m Q| G B fv e cv _bv wb e ` b k l ivm~jyjv n (Q vt ) Av gv ` i K Av jv n&i wbK U A v gx b e j `v A v K ey ji A v e ` b K i Z e jQ b| gv U K_ v c_ g ck sm v I A v byM Z wb e ` b K iv i ci ` v A v c k K iv n q Q | G K B fv e Qv jv Z i ev B i A v jv n&i Rb n v g&` I iv m~j (Q v t )- G i D c i ` i` c k K iv i c i `v A v K iv n j ` v A v i mybv Z x Z ix K v |2 0

G B m~iv Z wQ ivZ gy v K x g - G i n ` vq vZ cv _bv K iv n q Q | Av i G B n` vq v Z c v Iq v i Dc iB e v ` v i Bn K v jx b g j I c iKv jx b gyw wbfi K i| m e Zt G K v i Y B Q v jv Z i cwZ iv K A v Z i iZ B gv g I gyv ` x mK j gyQ jx i Rb Rn ix I m ix mK j Q v jv Z G B m~iv c v V K iv dih K iv n q Q | hgb ivm~jyjv n

(Q v t ) e jb, > 0>!>" =0$/ >/ 0%;E0;H =>Z=*0=4 ;=R0Q=P* H e wi Q v jv Z wm bq , h e w m ~iv q dv wZn v cv V K i bv |2 1 m e Z t G Kv iYB m ~iv q dv wZ nv i A bZ g 19. wZi wgh x n v / 3 3 8 3 , Be by gv Rv n , wgk K v Z n v / 23 06| 20. A v e y` v E ` , wZi wgh x n v / 3 4 76, wgk K v Z n v / 93 0, 93 1| 21. e yL v i x n v / 756, gym wjg n v / 3 94 , wgk K v Z n v / 8 22, D e v ` v we b Q v gZ ( i v t ) n Z|

c vi v 3 0 1 14 . m~i v b vm 1 1

bv g n j Q v jvZ | A _v r hv e Zx Z Q v jv Z wm nq bv | hw` I A bK we v b B gv gi wc Q b m~iv q dv wZ n v cv V K iv K A wm ejb| A _ P G i c Qn x n n v `x Q _ K K v b ` jx j bB | Z vQ v ov Q v jv Z i iZ A v jv n&i ck sm v ev ` w` q wK fv e D Q v jvZ I B e v `Z K eyj n Z cv i?

dvhvqj :

( 1) G B m~iv KziA v bi m ev wa K ghv ` v gwZ m~iv | iv m~jyjv n (Qv t ) e jb, hv i nv Z A v gv i Rx e b Zv i K m g K i e jwQ , Z v Iiv Z , he ~i, B bRx j G e s K ziA v b G B m~iv i Z zjbx q K v b m~iv bB |2 2

( 2) G B m~iv Ge s m~iv q e v Kv iv n&i k l wZ bwU Av qvZ n j A v jv n&i c n Z cwiZ we k l b~i, hv B wZ c~ e K v b be x K ` Iq v nq wb| 2 3

iZ :

h e w Q v jv Z i ga m~iv dv wZ nv c v V K ij bv , Z v i Q v jv Z Ac~Y v I we K jv

)[\0=]( | A v ey Ie v q` e jb, wL ` v R n j M fP z Z gZ m v b hv Kv b K v R Av m bv |2 4 iv m~jyjv n (Q v t ) G K _vwU wZ be v i e jb| iv ex n hiZ A ve y iv q iv (ivt ) - K

wR m K iv n j, h L b A v giv B gv gi wc Q b _ v wK? RIq v e wZ wb e jb, *0= ;H0;N=(0^ =;Z0 /=S Z L b Z zwg IU v P z c Pz c c o | K bbv A v wg iv m ~jyjv n (Q v t ) - K e j Z bwQ h , A v jv n e jb, =/>Z/#= /I=/0 0/0 0 /">!L# 9_/$L>N. Q v jvZ K A _vr m ~iv dv wZn v K A v wg A v gv i I A v gv i ev ` v i g a y` fv M fv M K iwQ | A v i A v gvi e v ` v hv P vB e Zv B cv e | h L b m e j, A v jn v g y`wjjv n .. Z L b A v jv n e jb,

/I=/0 /=0=$0 A v gv i e v ` v A v gv i ck sm v K iQ | hL b m e j, Av i in gv -wbi in x g Z L b Av jv n e jb, /I=/0 L>0 0D;a>H A v gv i ev `v Av gv i Y eY bv K i Q | h L b m e j, gv -wjwK .... Z L b A v jv n e jb, /I=/0 /=0L:0 e v ` v Av gv i ghv ` v e Ybv K i Q | h L b m e j, B B q v Kv bv ey` y.. Z L b A v jv n e jb, 0/00 /=D/0 >V0J>M>b0B *0 /I=/0=0 /I=/0 G wU A v gv i I A v gv i e v ` v i g a we f| A v i A v gv i e v ` v 22. e yL v i x n v / 4 703 ; A v n gv ` , wZi wgh x , wgk K v Z n v / 214 2| 23 . gym wjg n v / 8 06 A av q- 6, m ~i v d v wZn v i d h x jZ A by Q ` - 4 3 , wgk K v Z n v / 2124 | 24 . Zzn d v n v / 24 7- Gi f v l|


1 2

hv P vB e , Z v B c v e | AZ tc i h L b m e j, Bn &w` bv Q wQ iv Zv j ... Iq v j jv h&

hv -jx b Z L b A v jv n e jb, >M>b0B *0 /I=/0=0 /I=/0= >V0J G wU m ~Y A v gv i e v ` vi Rb| A v i A v gv i ev ` v hv P q Q , Z vB c v e |2 5 A n v ` x Q Rn ix Q v jv Z B gv gi wc Q b Pz c Pzc m~iv dv wZn v c v Vi e e G m Q | AZ G e Rn ix e v m ix m K j Q v jv Z B gv gi wc Q b m~iv dv wZ n v c v V K iv dih | Q v n v ex i e v L v c v Iq v i c i A b K v i gZ vg Z i cwZ ` K c vZ K iv wVK n e bv |

B e by K v Q x i (int ) e jb, G B m~iv i bv g Q v jv Z )"!#( e jv n q Q G Kv iY h, Q v jv Z i Rb G wU c v V Kiv m e P q e o iK b (H, Zvdmxi m~iv dvwZnv)| wZ wb e jb, B gv g A vey n v bx dv (in t ) G e s hm K j we v b Qv jv Z m~iv dv wZ nv c v V K iv dih e jb bv , Z v ` i ca vb ` jx j n j, /670;N*>S *0 0L00 0= =)/2E; Zv giv KziA vb _ K hv mn R nq , ZZ UzK z c v V K i (gyhhvwj 73/20)| A _ P A vq vZ i c~e vc i m K we e P bvq Rgn~i we v bM Y i wbK U GL v b K ziA v b A _ Q v jv Z | A _v r Z v gv ` i c hZ UzK z m nR n q , Z ZUzK z iv w Rv M iY K i| K ziA v b Z jv Iq vZ h nZz Q v jv Z i iZc~Y we l q , m Kv iY GL v b KziA v b e jv n q Q | hgb A b A v jv n e jb, X)=( >)/2N =/:>Z; >)*>W 0/&9/cde wbq B dR ii K ziA v b A _v r Q v jv Z (w` em ev iv wi e` jx d ikZ v q i) GK wZ n Iq v i m gq K v j (Bmiv 17/78; Beby KvQxi, Zvdmxi m~iv gyhhvwj 20)|

( 2) D e v `v n we b Q v wgZ (ivt ) n Z e wYZ iv m~jyjv n (Q v t ) e jb, > >">!0 /0$= X/ ;H0;E0% =40=*>Z= ;=P*0Q=R (jv Qvjv-Zv wjgvb jvg BqvKiv wedv-wZnvwZj wKZv-e) H

e wi Q v jv Z wm bq , h e w m ~iv dv wZ n v cv V K i bv | 2 6

(3) A v ey ivq iv (ivt ) e wYZ iv m~jyjv n (Qv t ) e jb, > 9f=8/:9 g">!0 > 9%2H0;E /=S*0 =40=*>Z= =P*0Q=R; H Q v jv Z wm bq , hv Z m~iv dv wZ n v cvV K iv n q bv ...| 2 7

( 4) n hiZ A v ey m vC ` Ly` ix (iv t) e jb, G K `v GK m d i A v gv ` i GK mv _x R bK M v c wZ K aygv m ~iv dv wZn v c o dzuK w` q m v c i wel Sv ob I wZ wb

25. gym wjg n v / 3 95, bv m v C, wgk K v Z n v / 8 23 | 26. e yL v i x n v / 756, gym wjg n v / 3 94 , wgk K v Z n v / 8 22 Q v jv Z wK i v A v Z A by Q ` - 12; K zZze wm v n m n

cv q m K j n v ` x Q M D n v ` x Q wU e wYZ n qQ | 27. Q n x n Be by L yh v qgv n v / 4 90, 1/ 24 7- 4 8 ct m b` Q n x n | *ZW h *!S ic H8jH A _ v r GwU Zv i

Rb h _ n qQ ; A v j- gyRv gyj I qv m x Z 119- 20 ct |

c vi v 3 0 1 14 . m~i v b vm 1 3

m y n b...|2 8 G Rb G m ~iv K iv m~j (Q v t ) iKB qv n )240;N.( e j Q b|2 9 K bbv G B m~iv c o dzuK w` j A vjv n&i K z g iv M x my n q hv q |

( 5 ) B gv g KziZ ze x e jb, m~iv dv wZ n vZ h m K j wQ dv Z iq Q , Z v A b K v _v I bB | GgbwK GKB Avj-KziAvbyj Avhxg ev gnvb KziAvb ejv nqQ (wnRi 15/87)|

G B m~iv i 25 wU K jgv KziA v bi hv e Zx q B j&g K k v wgj K i| G B m ~iv i we k l ghv ` v G B h , A v jv n G wU K wb Ri I wb Ri ev ` vi g a fv M K i wbq Q b| G K e v` w` q Av jv n&i bK U jv f K iv m e bq | m RbB G K D yj K ziA vb e v KziA v bi mv ie e jv n q Q | c we KziA v b g~jZ t wZ bwU we l q we f| Z v Inx ` , Av nK v g I bQ x nZ | m ~iv B L jv Q Zv Inx ` c ~Y v fv e _v K v i Kv iY Zv K ziA v bi G K ZZ x qv s k i ghv ` v c q Q | wK m ~iv dv wZ nv Z wZ bwU we lq GK _ v Kv i K v iY Z v D yj K ziA v b n Iq v i gn g ghv ` v jv f a b n q Q |30

dvq`v :

m ~iv dv wZn v K A b K we` Av Zx K v R e e nv i Kib, hv A e k B c wiZ v R| hgb K e i whq v i Z i m gq dv wZ nv c v V K iv , e iKZ n v wQ ji D k we wfb D c j m~iv dv wZn v c v V K iv , wbw` m sL K ev i dvwZ n v cv V K i ` v Av K iv , L yr e v , `v A v e v Iq v h -bQx n Z i i e v k l m ~iv dv wZ n v cv V K iv , dR ii A v hv bi c~ e e v c i gvB K m~iv dv wZ n v cv V K iv , m w wjZ `v A v i Rb nv Z D Vv bv i c~ e m K jK dv wZn v c oZ e jv , gRwjm k l dv wZ n v cv V, g Z i c v k e m dv wZn v cv V, K e i gv_ v i w` K u`v wo q m~iv dv wZ n v I c v q i w` K u`v woq m ~iv e vKv iv n&i ii A sk c ov , ` v d bi m gq m~iv dv wZ n v , K ` i, K v wdib, bQ i, B L jv Q , dv jvK I bv m G B m vZ wU m~iv we k l fv e c v V K iv , Ke ii mv g b n v Z Rv o K i u`v wo q m~iv dv wZ n v 1 ev i I B L jvQ 11 e v i A _ ev m~iv B qv mx b 1 e v i c v V K iv BZ v w` | A _P Q n xn nv ` xQ m g~ n K Vv i wb ` k _ v Kv m I A bK Rn ix ev m ix Q v jv Z Bgv gi c Q b m~iv dv wZ n v c v V K ib bv | g b iv Lv A v ek K h , ` v A v n j Be v ` Z | hv i wbq g- c wZ k ix Av Z KZK wba v wiZ | hv A c wieZbx q | G L v b L qvj- L yk x gZ Kv b K v R K iv hv q bv | e o K_ v n j G B h, we ` Av Z i gv a g K v b Be v ` Z Ke yj n q bv |

28 . e yL v i x n v / 573 7 wP wK r m v A av q; wgk K v Z n v / 298 5| 29. e yL v i x n v / 573 6, gym wjg n v / 2201 m v jv g A av q; Zv d m x i K zi Zze x , Be by K v Q x i | 3 0. Zv d m x i K zi Zze x 1/ 14 8 - 4 9|


1 4

Zvdmxi : AvEhywejvn I wemwgjvn cvV :

A v jv n e jb, ;T2N0 @P01 /&9>H2k 0^ = /= =l080$0J /=m*0Lc=n /&9>H02k 0^ = @P01 ;)>H L%/99O/=) Zzwg e j, n Av gv i cwZ c vjK ! A v wg Zv gv i A vkq cv _ bv K wi k qZ v bi c iv P bv n Z | n A v gv i cwZ c v jK ! A v wg Zv gv i A v kq c v_ bv K wi A v gv i wbK U I `i

D c w wZ n Z (gywgb~b 23/97-98)| wZ wb e jb, *L=(0 0^ LD>o08/D0% 0= =)*>p/Lc gq/80 ;V=0Q/B*>S =*= 9L=( 0&9J /=$L9K /=0;9 hw` k q Zv bi KzgY v Zv gv K c iv wPZ K i, Z e

Avjvn&i Avkq PvI| wbqB wZwb mekvZv I me (nv-gxg mvR`vn/dzQwQjvZ 41/36)| wZ wb e jb, >k=+>S 0l;H0>N >)/2E; ;V=0Q/B*>S =*= 0= =)*>p/Lc /=jL= h L b Zzwg K ziA v b c vV K i e , Z L b A wfk k qZ vb n Z A v jv n&i A v k q cv _ bv K i e (bvnj 16/98)|

D c iv A vq vZ m g~ n i Av jv K we v bM Y e jb, Q v jv Z i ga e v e v B i KziA v b c v Vi i Z k qZ v bi auv K v n Z A v jv n&i wbK U c v bvn P q Av E hywe jv n .... c v V K iv , AZ tc i Av jv n&i bv g wKiv A vZ i K iv i msK K i wem wgjv n ... c vV K iv gy v n v e |31 Q v jv Z i i Z Qv bv ev `v A v q B dZ v n c v V k l A vE hywe jv n Ke j 1g ivK Av Z c oe , ev K x iv K A vZ wjZ bq |32 Rn ix Q v jv Z wem wgjv n ... P zc P z c c ov i ` jx j A wa K Z i I ghe yZ |33 Z e h m K j we v b wem wgjv n - K m ~iv q dv wZn v i A bZ g Avq v Z g b K ib, Z uv iv Rnix Q v jv Z A b A vq v Z i bv q G wU K I Rv i c ov i c gZ c K v k K ib|34 g~jZ t we m wgjv wn i in gv wbi in xg g vq A eZ xY m ~iv bgj- G i 30 A vq v Z i A sk we k l , hv m ve v -i iv Y x wejK x m -G i wbK U wjwL Z c i i Z n hiZ myjv q gvb (A vt ) wj L wQ jb|35 G B Av q vZ bv wh ji c ~ e A v jv n&i iv m~j (Q v t ) wem wgK v A v jv v wjL Z b| c i we m wgjv n wjL Z i K ib| K ziA v b gv Rx ` i we wfb m ~iv i g a cv _K e ySv bv i Rb m ~iv Z Ie v e Z xZ A b m K j m~iv i c _ g we m wgjv n wjwL Z I c wVZ n q | A gwbfv e e B I wP wV- c i i Z e iKZ n v wQ ji D k wem wgjv n jL v m K D Z i HKgZ i q Q |36

3 1. Zv d m x i Be by K v Q x i 1/ 60; K zi Zze x 1/ 121, 13 4 | 3 2. k v I K v bx , bv qjyj A v I Zv i ( K v qi v : ` v i k k v e v e , 13 98 / 1978 ) , 3 / 3 6- 3 9; m v Bwq` m v we K ,

wd K m m ybv n ( K v qi v : ` v i j d v Z&n , 5g m s i Y 14 12/ 1992) , 1/ 112; Zv d m x i K zi Zze x 1/ 121| 3 3 . bv qjyj A v I Zv i 3 / 4 6, 52; K zi Zze x 1/ 128 - 13 1| 3 4 . Beby Lyhvqgvn nv/493; evqnvKx, mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/2479; BiIqv nv/343| bvqjyj AvIZvi 3/43-45| 3 5. bvgj 27/29-30 )>>r *0.%>H *0% /_>*>N2b/W [P*0Q=W L=( 0)*0$/>9B =( 3 6. K zi Zze x 1/ 13 3 |

c vi v 3 0 1 14 . m~i v b vm 1 5

we m wgjv n&i i Z B( e v bv g K _ v wU ew K iv n q Q A v jv n&i ghv ` v A v iI m gybZ K iv i Rb G e s hv Z we jv n k v iv Km g e v kc_ bv e ySv q , m Rb| A waK e e n v ii K v i Y B* _K Av wjd we jy K i K iv n q Q | =0^ @01 =/B*= ;H0;N Z A v wjd gIRy` A v Q Ac vKZ K g e e n v ii K v i Y |

Ne# n j we k c fyi m v MZ bv g e v B m g A v hg )Fs Bt( | e v K x bv gm g~n G i A byM v gx I Ye v PK bvg| we k c fyi m v e Zx Z A v jv n bv g A b K v i Rb c hv R bq | A v iex ev A b K v b fv lv q G B bv gi K v b c wZ k bB | AZ G e A v jv n - G i e ` j Lv ` v , Ck i, fM e v b, M W, D c iIq v jv BZ v w` e jv hv e bv| A v jv n bv gi K v b x wj , w e P b e v e e P b bB | D j~wn q v Z i m K j Y v e jxi a v iK n jb Av jv n | wZ wbB G K gv gv e~` | wZ wb wP i x e I we k P iv P ii av iK |

>>HA4L=J/&22H A40>=( 9>0% 0 A _ D c vm bv K iv | m Lv b _ K 0;b2/&[ A _ 0/9/&[e D c v m | A waK v sk we v bi g Z Avjv n k wU gyk Zv K , hv [>=( gv v n n Z D M Z | Ihb gM*0=S| [>=(- G i D c i >;M c e k K iv bv i c i )>;=+>9( n v jK v K iv i Rb n v ghvn d j w` q >6 K iv n q Q m v b e ySv bv i Rb| D >;M m e ` v A ve wk K _ v K e |

K L bvB c_ K K iv hv e bv | hv nn vK e jb, ( )/&9XbQ% uv ) *dw=( 6 0@$9B *0$L=(:x& y A v jv n - K B jv n G Rb e jv n q Q h , mwK zj ^ ^ c q v Rb n q iv b I wbiv k n q Zuv i K v QB D c bxZ n q (KziZzex 1/139-40)|

dvq`v :

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Uq%P@H/ in gv b I inx g ` y wU B gyk Z vK hv in g )240$/L( gv vn n Z D M Z| A _ ` q v , A byMn | in gv b v iv in g ev A byM n i Av waK e ySv bv n q Q , hv m K j


1 6

a i bi A byM n K k v wgj K i| G wU Av jv n&i Rb L v Q | G B we kl Y A bi Rb wm bq | hgb A v jv n e jb, =T2N &9/e { =>H &9/e 00$/L *|%>H L* &9/0 9>>S 67*0$/B>b; 0D/9; Z v giv Av jv n bv g A v n v b K i e v in gv b bv g A vn v b K i, h bv gB Z v giv Wv K , Zuv i m e bvgB my` i (Bmiv 17/110)| G L v b in gv b K A v jv n

bv gi m gv b M Y K iv n q Q , hv i m v _ K v D K k ixK K iv hv e bv | A b wZ wb e jb, ;M>b/B0 /0 *0D;0B/1>H /= 0^ =/>N /= 0D=9B91* *0D;00j>H /= /9e=) w$/L= A40= /90/9%>) Z v gv i c~ e A v giv hm e iv m ~j ciY K iwQ jv g, Z v ` iK Zzwg wR m K i A v giv wK in gv b (Av jv n ) e Z xZ A b Kv b Dc vm wba v iY K iwQ jv g, hv ` i B e v `Z K iv hvq ? (hyLid 43/45)| G L v b Av jv n K in gv b e jv n q Q |

UPK@H/ Avjvn I ev`v mevi Rb weklY wnmve eeZ nq _vK| hgb ivm~jyjvn (Q v t )- Gi wQdvZ wnmve cwe Kz iAvb [/=01 [}/9~01 weklY y`wU eeZ nqQ (ZIev 9/128)| ZvQvov Avjvn gyywgb`i cwZ wekl A byM n k x j eySv bv i Rb G wU

e e Z n q | hgb e jv n q Q , >)*>W0 /=D=/9$;*=0 /=01*d$ wbq B wZ wb gywgb ` i c wZ c ig ` q v jy (Avnhve 33/43)|

` ywbq v I A v L iv Z A v jv n&i A byM n i e vc KZ v eySv bvi Rb ` y U v G K B Y ev P K k K G K B v b GK ee n v i K iv n q Q | K bbv A v jv n&i in gZ Zuv i v aK c iv f~Z K i37 /=0O>o /_>E00B /0$/01 X)() uZQ( G e s Z uv i in gZ m K j wK Qz Z B

e v i q Q /H = =/ e j Z n e |39 wK hm K j B e v ` Z i c ~ e we m wgjv n e jv i we av b bB , mm e i i Z Zv ejv hv e bv | hgb A v hv b, B Kv gZ , Q v jvZ cfwZ i i Z wem wgjv n e jv | IQ gv b we b A v eyj A v Q B m jv g

3 7. e yL v i x n v / 74 22, gym wjg n v / 2751, wgk K v Z n v / 23 64 | 3 8 . wZi wgh x n v / 606, wgk K v Z n v / 3 58 , m b` Q n x n | 3 9. wZi wgh x , A v e y` v E ` n v / 3 767, wgk K v Z n v / 4 202|

c vi v 3 0 1 14 . m~i v b vm 1 7

M n Y i c i _ K e _v i Am y L A v v wQ jb| iv m ~jyjv n (Q vt ) Zuv K e _ v i v b n v Z iL wZ be v i we m wgjvn e j Z I m v Z e v i *0 @0 /= ==01/2N0 = ="L8== 2k/&9>H91=k*02H0 9=j>H c v V K i Z Av ` k w` jb G e s Z v Z wZ wb m y n q M jb |40

m K j f K v Ri i Z we m wgjv n e jv i ga Z vK ` x iK A ^x K v iK v ix v wdiK v Kv ` v wiqv I Zv `i A bym v ix ` i we i cwZ e v ` i q Q | K bbv Zv ` i a v iYv gZ e v ` v i Kv R Z vi wbR B Q v a x b| G L v b A vjv n&i B Q v i K v b cwZ djb bB | A _ P Av jv n c v K A v gv ` i K mK j K v Ri i Z A v jv n&i m v n v h I Z v Idx K Kv gbv i wb `k w ` q Q b| K bbv A v jv n&i A bygwZ e Z xZ e v ` v i Kvb B Q v B c~iY n Z c v i bv | wZ wbB K gi mv I e v ` v K gi e v e v q bK v ix gv | Z v Qv ov aygv A v gj Kv D K Rv bv Z wbq h Z c v ie bv , hw` bv A v jv n&i in gZ _ v K | iv m~jyjv n (Q vt ) G ik v ` K ib, > 9%/=]2T dH RD 2$ >4D 0> 9%=:/99 =0

LD=1* >0 *0>H X=( =40$/0= = K v i A v gj Z v K Rv bv Z c e k K iv e bv wK sev Rv nv bvg _ K in v B ` e bv , GgbwK A v gv K I bq , A v jv n &i in gZ e Z xZ |41 Z v B

i Z we m wgjv n cv Vi gva g g~jZ t A v jv n &i in gZ I A byM n K v gbv K iv n q |

q%P@W K# KPKKPK@W K : c ig K iY v gq A m x g ` q v jy A v jv n &i bv g (i K iwQ ) | G Z 4wU k I 19wU e Y i q Q | e v K i c _ g 9l;H00Q/= A _ v r A v wg i K iwQ

w q v wU D n i q Q | we m wgjv n A _ A v jv n &i bv gi m v _ , Z uv i bv gi m v n v h I Z uv i bv gi e iK Z | wemwgjvn e jv i m gq D n w q v wU i wbq Z K i Z n e | bB j IU v K e j c v V K iv B m v i n e | hgb wemwgjvwn AvKivD (A v jv n &i bv g A v wg c ov i K iwQ ) | wemwgjvwn Av-Kzjy (A v jv n &i bv g A v wg L Z i K iwQ ) B Z v w` | A v ie x e v e v sjv q gy L wbq Z c ov we ` A v Z | e is ` q A v jv n &i bv g D f K v Ri m sK K i Z n e |

G L v b w q v c ` K D n iv L v i K v iY n Z c v i ` y wU : ( 1) i Z B A v jv n bv gi e iK Z n v wQ j K iv ( 2) A b K v i m v n v h bq , K e j A v jv n &i m v n v h A v wg K g i K iwQ , m U v e ySv bv | G wU m ~iv bg ji 30 A v q v Z | wK G A v q v Z wU K c we K ziA v bi m ~iv m g~ n i g a c v _ K K v ix wn m v e c Z K m ~iv i i Z iv L v n q Q | K e j m ~iv Z Ie v i i Z we m wgjv n iv L v n q wb| G i in m A v jv n fv j Rv bb| hw` I W. A v n gv ` ` x ` v Z ( 1918- 20 0 5 L t ) I A b K G i gv a g 19 m sL v i 4 0. gym wjg n v / 2202, wgk K v Z n v / 153 3 ; K zi Zze x 1/ 98 | 4 1. gym wjg n v / 28 17, wgk K v Z n v / 23 72|


1 8

gv n v Z e Y bv K i Z P q Q b| K v iY m U v _ v K j m ~iv bg ji 30 A v q v Z i we m wgjv n m n K ziA v b 115 wU we m wgjv n n e | hv 19 w` q Y K i j wgjZ bv |

hy M hy M we v b hZ G wM q hv e , KziA v bi we wfb A j wK K wel q Z gwb gv by l i m v g b Ly j hv e | Z e mve a v b _ v KZ n e hb G i v iv K v b v Av Kx ` v Rb bv bq | hgb B iv bi e vn v C iv B wZ ga 19 Z e v ov ev wo K i c_ n q M Q | D jL h , e v nv C B iv bi G K wU K v wdi a gxq m c` v q | L x q E bwe sk k Z v xZ Av we fv e n Iq vq G iv 19 m sL v K c we gb K i| G B a gi g Z 19 w` b gv m nq , 19 gv m e Q i n q | iv gvhv bi wQ q vg 19 w` b iv L Z n q Ges m ` i hv K vZ 19 k Z v sk w` Z nq | Z v jvK 19 ev i ` Iqv hv q | Z v ` i a gM

A v j-ev qv bi ) )*( A by Q ` m sL v 19| Z v iv G wU K KziA v bi iwn Z Kv ix )B*( g b K i| K ziA v bK e v nv C a gi m Z Z v i c e e n v i K iv i Rb wK Qz

jv K KziA v bi m~iv , A vq v Z , k , e Y m e wK Qz K 19 w` q wgjv Z M j` Ng n q Q b| A _P GB MY bv B wZ ga B ev wZ j cgv wY Z n q Q | R bK wgm ix q W. iv k v ` L jx dv ( 1935 - 1993 L t ) G K v R AMY x f~wgK v c v jb K i A e k l bv wK n q Q b I wbn Z n q Q b|

A v jv n e jb, *0/>0 >40/= 00c0 Rv nv bv gi cn ix n j 19 Rb d ik Z v (gyvQwQi 74/30)| G B A vq v Z K Zv iv Z v ` i 19 Z i c e e n v i K iQ b| A _P c ie Zx A vq v Z B A v jv n e j w` q Q b h ,

*00 *0D;00j 0P*0/>H =1*LD =(X >!0A4>R=x *00 *0D;00j /90L= X=( A40D/Q=S /%=VX=0 /9>Z>W 0=E/0Q/0= /%=VX0 /2H/&9 0P*0Q=R; 0e0e/80%0 /%=VX0 /&9D0 /%=(*d*0$ >0 0P*0/0% /%=VX0 /2H/&9 0P*0Q=R; /&9D=/9$;0>)

/&2E0=0>M /%=VX0 R;0>) >k*0 0e01>H 6 >V0= A!>?0 A v giv d ik Zv ` i G B m sL v wbav iY K iwQ K vdi ` i c ix v K iv i Rb| hv Z wKZ v ex iv (ivm~ ji mZ Z v i e vc v i) `p we kv mx nq , gywgb ` i Cgv b ew c vq G e s wK Z v ex iv I gywgbM Y m ` n c vl Y bv K i Ge s hv Z hv ` i A i e v wa A v Q (gybv wdK iv ) I K v diiv e j h , G i ( G B m sL v ) v iv A v jv n wK e ySv Z P q Q b ? (gyvQwQi 74/31)| m hy M ev Kv Av ey Rv n j G i e v L v e yS Z bv c i dr bv q c o Z v i jvK ` i e jwQ j, n Kziv q k hye K iv ! Z v gv ` i 10 R b wK Rv n v bv gi 1 Rb d ikZ vK Kv ey K i Z cv i e bv ? (Beby KvQxi)| G hy M i Kv di e v nv C I Z v ` i hyw Z we gv wn Z e v wa M C gv b` v iivI G A v qv Z i e v L v eyS Z bv c i wdr bv q wbw n q Q |

c vi v 3 0 1 14 . m~i v b vm 1 9

g b iv L Z n e h , we A vKx ` v K e j mU v B , hv A v jv n&i iv m~j (Q v t ) I Q v nv e v q K iv gi hy M wQj| Z uv ` i hy M hwU x b e j Mn x Z wQ j bv , G hy MI m Uv x b wn mv e Mn x Z n e bv |

A v i e i gyk wiK iv mK j K v Ri i Z Z v ` i `e - ` e x i bv g wbZ | hgb we m wgjv - Z Iq v j Ihhv (jv Z I Ihhv i bv g) | Z vi c wZ e v ` K ziA v bi c_ g A vq vZ bv whj nq BKiv wemg iweKvjvhx LvjvKv e j| A _v r Zywg c v V Ki Z v gv i cfyi bv g, whwb Z v gv K m w K i Q b | cie Z x Z mK j f K v Ri i Z wem wgjv n e jv i mybv Z Rv wi n q G e s Av jv n&i Kz g KziA v bi c Z K m ~iv i i Z we m wgjv n jL v nq | Z e KziA v b cv V K iv i m gq c_ g k qZ v bi K zgY v _ K Av jv n&i A vk q P q A vE hywe jv n cvV K i Z n q (bvnj 16/98)| Z v ic i we m wgjv n c oZ n q | Q v jv Z i c_ g ivK Av Z wKiv Av Z i iZ A vE hywe jv n I we m wgjv n Ge s c ii iv KA v Zwj Z m d we m wgjv n c oZ nq | 90$/L> bv gwU Av ie ` i wbK U bZ zb wQ j| 90$/L> I 9/=L> ` y wU k i GK B A_

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n hiZ A v bvm we b gv jK (iv t ) e jb, A v wg ivm~j (Q v t) , A v eye K i, Igi I IQ gv b (iv t ) -G i wc Q b Qv jv Z A v `v q K iwQ | Zuv iv m e` v Avjnvg y` wjjvwn iwej Avjvgxb w` q B wKiv Av Z i K i Z b| wK iv Av Z i i Z e v k l Zuv ` iK K L bv m i e wemwgjvn c o Z wbwb |44 Z v Qv ov m~iv dv wZ n v i mv Z wU A vq vZ MY bv

4 2. gym wjg n v / 3 95; wgk K v Z n v / 8 23 | 4 3 . K zi Zze x 1/ 129- 13 0; A v jv P bv ` e Q v jv Zzi i v m ~j ( Q v t ) 4 _ m s i Y, c: 8 6- 8 7| 4 4 . gym wjg n v / 3 99, A v n gv ` n v / 13 3 61|


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c vi v 3 0 1 14 . m~i v b vm 2 1

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0/=$>*0 [>*0 k i e e P b| G i v iv A v jv n e Zx Z m K j A w Z k x j e K e ySv bv nq | [>*0 wb RB e e P b| G i K v b G K ePb bB | 0/=$>*0 e e P bi e e P b| G i v iv gv byl i Rv bv -A Rv bv m K j mw RM Z K eySv bv n q Q | Iq vn ve we b gybv we n e jb, A v jv n c v K i A v Vv iv n v hv i gvL j~K v Z i q Q | A v ey m v C` L y` ix (iv t ) e jb, P wjk n vhv i (Beby KvQxi)| g~jZ t G i A _ A M wY Z | cw_ e x Z v i g a G K wU | Av yjv n Be b A ve vm (iv t ) e jb, A v jv n Avm gv b I hgx b G e s G ` yB q i ga K v i I ga eZ x A v gv ` i Rv bv I A Rv bv A M wY Z RM Z i cfy I c wZ cv jK (Beby KvQxi 1/25)| A v aywbK gn vK v k M e lYv hZ B G wM q hv Q , Z Z B A v gv ` i wbK U b fv g ji bZ zb bZ zb we q i ` yq v i L y j hv Q I m~iv dv wZ nvi G B e vY x Kv hK i n Q | mv _ m v _ A v jv n cv K i ie ~we q v Z i e vc KZ i a v iY v gym wjg-A gym wjg m K ji g a gB `p n Z `pZ i n Q |

we M Z hy M I G i cgv Y i q Q | hgb A v jv n e jb, >M*>N 2)/&0/=S *00 .P01 0=$>*0; >M*>N .P01 =l0*0$L =/1>b;0 *00 *0$90D/0 ;)=( /9Q/D2W 0=D=N&9 div E b e jj, RM Z m g~ n i

c wZ cv jK A ve v i K ? Rev e g~m v e jj, b fv g j I f~g j G e s GZ y`f q i ga e Zx m e wK Qzi whwb c wZ c v jK | hw` Zv giv `p we k v mx n I (kvAviv 26/23-24)| M ev Z divE b GK _ v gv bwb| wK c K v k g b wb q Rxe b w` q wQ j Z v i Rv y`K iM Y (kvAviv 26/47-48)| G K B fv e g b Q hy M hy M cv q mK j gv byl | m ~iv dv wZ nv i A A vq v Z Av jv n&i ck sm v I Z uv i GK K cv jbK Zv n Iq vi ga w` q Zuv i G K Ze v ` e v Z v Inx ` ie ~we q v Z my` ifv e dz U D V Q | mv _ m v _

@P01 /=$>*0;0 e jv i gva g m wRM Z i me wK Qzi D c i A v jv n&i ie ~we q v Zi e v c KZ v dzwU q Zv jv n q Q | 0>*[ k wU D M Z n q Q A v jv gZ )0>!0g4( _ K |


2 2

hv i A _ wb` k b | e Z t we k RM Z i cwZ wU mwi g a mwK Z v A v jv n&i wb` k b c wiU i q Q | K we A v yjv n B e byj gy Z v h ( 247 - 296 wn t ) Z v B e jb,

*0>S *d0:0 0/>W 0#/9% w=+;9 + / >H 0/>W 990/:0% 9=*0:; 0 9L>H 9=0

A v hi K _ v! wK fv e A vjv n&i A e va Zv K iv n q? A _ ev wK fv e A ^x Kv iK v ix Z uv K A ^x K v i K i? A_ P c Z K e ZB i q Q Z uv i wb` k b| hv c gv Y K i h , wZ wb G K |

(2) KH%P@W PK@WK whwb K iY v gq Kc v wbav b | in gv b I in x g G i Av jv P bv we m wgjv n& i e v L vq B wZ c~ e K iv n q Q | B gvg K ziZ ze x (int ) e jb, c~ ei Av qv Z ieyj A v jv gx b e j A v jv n h Z v in x e ev fx wZ K i we k lY c q v M K i Q b, c ie Zx A v qv Z ingv b I in x g e j ^x q `q v Y i cK v k NwU q D fq Y i g a m g q^ m va b K iQ b I gywgb K A v jv n&i in gZ n Z wbiv k bv nIq v i Rb Z v iMx e e v D r mv n ` v b K iQ b| hgb Z v iMx e I Z v inx e wZ wb GK B v b e K i Q b m ~iv wn R&i 45 - 5 9 A v qv Z I m ~iv gywgb 3 A v qv Z | A ve y iv q iv (ivt ) n Z e wYZ iv m~jyjv n (Q v t ) G ikv `

K ib, /&> 9>/0% 9=/9$; *0 0/D= = 0= =40&2E9; *0 0K=$>m ==QLD0:= [0>H n/&>0 9>/0% 9=S*>R; *0 0/D= = 0= =40$/L *0 >=D>N /= ==QLD0j [0>H hw` gywgb e w Rv b Z v A v jv n&i w bK U

K Z K Vv iZ g k v w i q Q , Z vn j K D B Rv bv Z i A vK v sL x n Z bv | A byic fv e hw` K v b Kv wdi Rv b Zv A v jv n&i wbK U wK Ac v i A byMn i q Q , Zv n j KD B Rv bv Z n Z wbiv k n Z bv |47 wZ wb e jb, Av jv n Zuvi wbK U iw Z in gZ i G K k fv M i G K fv M y`wbq v Z bv whj K i Q b| hv wZ wb wRb, B bm v b, c - c x I K x U -cZ m e wK Qzi g a e b K i Q b| hv _ KB Z v iv c i iK fv je v m I c i ii cwZ `q v K i| A v i mL v b _ K B Rx e R Z v ` i e v Pv ` i cwZ mn c ` kb K i| e vK x wbiv beB fv M in gZ Av jv n iL w` q Q b, hv wZ wb wKq v gZ i w` b we Z iY K ie b |48 m v jgv b dv imx (ivt ) _ K Ab e Y bv q G m Q h , G B in gZ weZ iY i gva g wK q v gZ i w` b Zuv i in gZ c wic ~YZ v jv f K i e |49 A v ey iv q iv (iv t ) _ K Av iK e Ybv q G m Q h , iv m~jyjv n (Q vt ) G ikv ` K ib, h L b

4 7. Zv d m x i K zi Zze x 1/ 13 9; e yL v i x n v / 64 69; gym wjg n v / 2755, wgk K v Z n v / 23 67| 4 8 . gyvdvK AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/2365 `vAvmg~n Aavq-9, Avjvn&i ingZi ck Zv AbyQ`-5| 4 9. gym wjg n v / 4 94 6, wgk K v Z n v / 23 66|

c vi v 3 0 1 14 . m~i v b vm 2 3

A v jv n mwK g k l K ib, Z L b A v i k i D c i iw Z wK Z v e wZ wb wj L ` b, X)=( =Q0$/01 /_>E00B =0O>o wbq B Av gv i in gZ A v gv i v a i Dc i Rq jv f K i |5 0

A m~iv q wb R K ie yj A v jv gx b e jv i c i in gvb I in x g e jv i ga wZ wb Rv wb q w` q Q b h , Z uv i G B ie ~we q v Z ev ` v i D c i c wZ kv a i Rb bq , e is in g Z i Rb|

(3) KQK!H( KYP)H8 P8jK whwb we P v i w` e m i gv wjK | A A v qv Z =^ =*0 I m ~iv bv m =^ =0 e jv n q Q | =^ =*0 k wU i A _ A wa K Zi e v c K | =^ =0 =*LD e j K e j gv by l i A wa c wZ ejv n q Q | wK =^ =*0 e j G L v b mwK z ji A wa c wZ e ySv bv n q Q | G B A vq v Z i gv a g A v jv n ^x q e v ` v ` iK G K_ v e ywS q w` q Q b h , mw RM Z i A v w` n Z A c h m K j wK Q zi wP ib gv wjK v bv Zuv i n v Z | kvm K hgb Aa x b ` i wb qv M ` v b K ib I Z v ` iK k vm K i wbK U ` v q e _v K Z n q , A gwbfv e y`wbq v i Y v qx Rx e b e v ` v K wZ wb we k c wiP v jbvi we wfb c hv q m v gwq K fv e ` v wqZ c ` v b K iQ b| e v ` v i K gRx e bi Q vU -eo m e wK QzB A v jv n&i M v P i i q Q G e s wKq v gZ i w`b m e wK Qzi P ~ov wn mv e wZ wb M n Y K i e b I m A byhv q x Rvn v bv gi k v w A _ ev Rv bv Z i cyi v i ` v b K i e b| wZ wb B Q v K i j K v b e v `v K we bv wnmv eI Rv bv Z w` Z cv ib| djZ t we Pv i w` e m i c~Y gv wjK v bv I G K Q A waK v i K e jgv Z uv iB n v Z | Zuv i A bygwZ e Z xZ K D Zuv i wbK U mydv wik K iZ c v ie bv | Z uv i A byMn e Z x Z KD Rv bv Z h Z c v ie bv |

/%@= -G i A bK wj A_ iq Q | hgb cwZ ` v b, wnm v e, dv q Q v jv , A v byM Z , ix wZ , A vP iY B Z v w` | G L v b = /&0% /%@= - G i A _ =7080:; 9 /&0% A _v r c wZ ` v b e v wn mv e - Gi w` b| hgb e jv n q _ v K , 2)09 9/%=0 *0$>W hgb K g Z gb dj | gv by l i y`wbq v e x Rx e bi hve Z xq Av g ji wn mv e I Z vi c wZ ` v b I cwZ dj Hw` b A v jv n Zuv i e v ` v K c` v b K i e b| 2q A vq v Z wb R K K iYv gq I Kc v wbav b Nv lY v K iv i c iB wb RK we P v i w`e m -G i gv wjK Nv lY v K i A v jv nc vK GU v B e ywS q w` q Q b h , cv cx K gv K iv i ga K v b KiY v bB | e is cKZ K iYv wbwn Z iq Q bvq we P v ii g a | AZ G e m K j hb P ~ov wnm v e ` v bi c~ e wbR wbR K g K my` i K i bq| K bbv m v gv bZ g bK x I e ` x i wn mv e Hw` b bIqv 50. e yL v i x , gym wjg; wgk K v Z n v / 23 64 |


2 4

n e G e s m K j K h _ vh _ fv e cwZ ` v b ` Iqv n e | m w` K B swMZ K i Av jv n e jb, .% V=0/&0%/US0&/%=e 6 9=Lu0; 990D hw` b Av jvn Zv ` i K h_ v _ cwZ ` vb c wic~Y i c ` v b K i e b (b~i 24/25) |

A b A v jv n e jb, V=0/&0% /&90/9>) > >Z/0 /2R/D= g40=S*0] m B w` b Z v gv ` iK D c w Z K iv n e , hw` b Z v gv ` i K v b Mv c b welq M vc b _ vK e bv (Avj-nvvn 69/18)| wZ wb e jb, /&2EL0 *d/&0% /&90j/9>) /=S= >=( = L2a XS0&9 T2W ;Z0 *0

/_00>W /9J0 > /&9$>;F9%>) Z v giv m B w` bK fq K i, hw` b Z v giv mK j c Z v e wZZ n e Av jv n&i wbK U | AZ tc i c Z K cy iv cywi e ` jv c v e hv Zv iv A Rb K iwQ j G e s Z v iv A Z v P v wiZ n e bv (evKvivn 2/281)| ivm ~j (Q vt ) - Gi gZ y i 7 A _ e v 21 w` b c ~ e bv whj n Iq v G U vB KziA v bi m e kl A vq vZ |

(4) Hr!W8Kd IIBP0H< Hr!W8KdHA PK0H5PHR= MV M*0$>W 9L$0O0Q0 2"0e*0=; =/Lc =S0 @9; =M*0$=/=J0&0 =P*0D=Q/j0 ===0>H =M*>?=Q/=*= = =}/&0;0 A v jv n&i A v ` k c v jb I wb la e R bi

gv a g Zuv i c wZ G K wb fv je v mv , fx wZ I Av byM Z c vl Y K iv K B e v` Z ejv n q | A v yjv n B e b A v e vm (iv t ) e jb, A v qv Z i A _ 9@0&9 0CX*%=( A v giv K ej Z v gv iB GK Z Nvl Yv K wi Zv gv K B gv fq K wi G e s Z v gv i Av byM Z K iv i RbB Z v gv i m vn vh c v _bv K wi|

Z v gv i B e v` Z K wi G K_ v UzK z e ySv bv i Rb 99/09C e jv B h_ wQ j| wK 0C K gc ` i m ebv g K wbq ggv wdK 99/0 w q v i c i bv e wm q c~ e e m v bv i g~j K v iY n j e e i ga Emphasis e v Rv i mw K iv | A v i iZ c~Y we lq wU A vM e jv B A v ie ` i e vK ix wZ | K bbv Z v gv i B e v `Z Kwi e j j A b K I B e v` Z

c vi v 3 0 1 14 . m~i v b vm 2 5

K iv i m v e bv e vK x _ v K | wK Zv gv iB Be v `Z K wi e j j m m v e bv ev wZj n q hvq | 0C*L%=( me bv g GK B e v K y` e v i A M e mv bv i wcQ bI D k n j G K _ v Rv i w` q e jv h , A v gv ` i hv e Zx q Be v `Z I B w A v bvZ e v D cv m bv I m vn v h c v _bv K A v giv K e jgv Av jv n&i Rb L v Q K iwQ | A b Kv i Rb A v gv ` i ` q Kv b v b bB ) "e* %( |

we M Z hy M i R bK we v b ) ( e jb, m gM K ziA v bi g~j ))E B( wbwn Z iq Q m~iv dv wZn vi g a G e s m~iv dv wZ nvi g~j wbwn Z iq Q GB A vq vZ wU i g a | G i c_ g A s k wk iK n Z gyw Nv lY v K iv nq Q I w Zxq A s k A v jv n&i m v n v h c v _bv K i K e j Zuv i D c iB fim v K iv n q Q (Beby KvQxi)| G Z Z x Z 1g wZ bwU A vq v Z e v bv g c yil e e nv i K i A A vq v Z e v ga g cyil e e n v i K i m ivm wi A v jv n K m ^v a b K ivi g a Zuv i A wa K Z i wbK U cu Q hv Iq v i B swM Z c` vb K iv n q Q | cgv ` i wbK U f cwgK Z v i e vK zj ` q i A v Kzj e vm bv m iv m wi wb e ` b K i e G UvB Z v Kv g| A A v qv Z i G B Av jsK wiK ` vZ bv gywgb ` q fv jev mv i X D Z v j| n v ` x Q G m Q , Avjv n e jb h , >V0J=D/0 0/00 I=/0 I=/0=0 *0 >M>b0B G B

A vq v Z i A aK A v gv i Rb I A aK e v ` v i Rb| A v i A v gv i e v ` v hv Pv B e, Z v B c v e |5 1 A v jv n e jb, 9/9/*>S ;TXW0&00 =/>0 *00 0^ .01 T=S*0= *L$0 /&20$/0>) A ZGe Z zwg Zuv iB B e v` Z K i G e s Zuv i D c iB wbfi K i| (g b i Lv ) Z v giv hv wKQz K i, Z v gv i cwZ cv jK Z v _ K A be wnZ bb (n~` 11/123)| G i g a G K wU we l q A v kv i m v i nq h , B e v `Z I Zv Iqv zj wbL v ` n j A v jv n&i m v nv h A e k v e x | B ev ` Z wU c~Y n j Ge s Zv Iq vz ji g a Lyj~wQ q v Z i A fve _ v K j e v `v i Kv gbv I e v m bv c~iY bv I n Z cv i| m vn v h P v Iq v i c~ e B e v ` Z i we lq D jL K iv i A wbwn Z Z v rc h G U v B |

ea I Aea Bw AvbZ :

B w Av bv Z e v m vn v h P v Iq v H mK j we l q hv gv L j~ K i gZ v i A fy| G U v K v b `v l i K_ v bq | eis c Z K bKx i Kv R mv n v h K iv i Rb k ixA v Z

wb ` k i q Q | hgb A v jv n e jb, =; >0 ;&90*00{I0&;ELQ0 @ Z v giv bK x I Z v KIq v i Kv R c i i K m vn v h K i (gvq`vn 5/2) | iv m~jyjv n (Q vt ) G ikv `

51. gym wjg n v / 3 95; wgk K v Z n v / 8 23 |


2 6

K ib, 60 /=S =)/&0 =/0; *0 >)*>W 9/0; /=S =)/&0 /=]>H= A v jv n Z v i ev ` v i mv nv h A Z Y _ v K b, hZ Y e v` v Z v i fv B q i m vn v h _ v K |5 2 G wj n j ea B w A v bv Z |

c v i wbwl B w Av bv Z n j, h m K j wel q gv L j~ K i Kv b gZ v bB , m B m K j wel q gvL j~ K i wbK U mv nv h Pv Iqv | G wU A ea Ge s cK v k wk i Ki A fy| hgb gZ gv by l i wbK U m v nv h P v Iq v , Z vi A m x jvq gyw K v gbv K iv ,

Z v i A vk q wf v K iv B Z vw` | A v jv n e jb, 0^ L=( > 9K=$/9 0/&0$; wbq B Z zwg bv Z cv iv bv gZ ` i (bvgj 27/80; ig 30/52)| A b A vq v Z Av jv n e jb, *00

/>H/L K=$/9$= 0_/&92E;

99:/0 =/$Lc= >0 =0$>E;= 99:/B0= = /h=VX L9>E>0] ;)=( /9Q/D2W 9*L%=( /99/0>) Z v giv m ~h K wm R`v K iv bv G e s P ` K I bv | e is wm R` v Ki A v jv n K , whwb G wj mw K iQ b| hw` Z v giv m wZ K v i A _ K e j Zuv iB B e v`Z K i _ v K (nv-gxg mvR`vn 41/37)| wZ wb A v iI e jb, ;)=(0L% 0&9J X=( 9> 0=*>W >!>S 9O= 6 0^ /0/$ hw` A v jv n Z v gv i Kv b A wb K iZ Pv b, Z e wZ wb e Zx Z K D bB h , Z v ~`i K i ` q ... (AvbAvg 6/17) |

be x , A wj cfwZ bK Kv i gZ gv by l i wbK U m vn v h K vgbv K iv I Z v ` i A mx jv q gyw P v Iq v B n j cw_ e x i m ev wa K cv P x b I A v w` g wk iK | Z v iv e j Zv >90J=7

/D= *09~*0>Z9 0 Iiv A v gv ` i Rb A v jv n&i wbK U m ydv wik K v ix gv (BDbym 10/18) | nhiZ b~n (A vt ) _ K i K i k l be x gyn v v ` (Q vt ) c h m K j be x I iv m ~j G B wk i K i we i A v gZz m sM v g K i M Qb| A v jv n&i m wZ K v ii bK e v ` v iv wKq v gZ c h G i we i m sMv g K i hv e b| A e k mwK Z v wnm v e , cfy

52. gym wjg n v / 2699, wgk K v Z n v / 204 Bj&g A av q| gv I jv bv gywn D w b L v b A b~w` Z I m s cv wqZ Ge s m E ` x m i K v i K ZK cK v wk Z I we bv g~j cP v wi Z

K i v P x i gyd Zx gyn v v ` k d x K Z Zv d m x i gv A v i d zj K zi A v b K v b be x e v K v b A jx i e i v Z w` q cv _ bv K i v A v qv Zi gg we i v ax bq e jv n qQ ( H, ct 5) | GK _ v K e jgv Rx we Z be x e v bK K v i e v ` v i ch v R n Z cv i , gZ e w i bq| h gb i v m ~jyjv n ( Q v t ) - Gi gZz i ci nhiZ Igi (ivt) ew cv_bvi mgq ejwQjb, n Avjvn Avgiv BwZc~e Avcbvi bexi v`nvB w` q e w P v BZv g I A v cwb cv wb w` Zb| GL b be x i ( Rx we Z) P v P v A v e v m ( i v t ) - Gi ` v n v B w` q e w PvBwQ| AZGe Avcwb Avgv`i ew `vb Kib! dj ew ewlZ nq (eyLvix nv/1010, wgkKvZ nv/1509)|

c vi v 3 0 1 14 . m~i v b vm 2 7

I c wZ c v jK wn mv e A v jv n&i wbK U e v ` v h Kv b mg q h Kv b m v nv h P vB Z c v i| A v jv n e jb, 2/&9/e/H /2R> Z v giv Avgv K Wv K v | Av wg Zv gv `i

Wv K m v ov ` e (gywgb/Mvdi 40/60)| A v jv n Zuv i K v b gv L j~K K w` q G B m vn v h K i _v K b| K bbv m K j e by A v ` gi At K iY Av jv n cv K i y`B A v s ji ga i q Q | wZ wb B Q v gZ Zv c wiPv wjZ K ib|53 AZ G e m K j wel q A v jv n&i wbK U m v nv h P v Iqv B e ywgv bi K v R| A A vq v Z y` wU we l q GK e jv n q Q | G K - Av jv n&i A v `k -wb la gv bv i gv a g Zuv i cwZ B e v ` Z K L v jQ ) P*DQj H M*?Q* "e* !](J&( K iv | ` yB - m K j cK v i A skx e v ` _ K gy n q K e jgv Av jv n&i wbK U

m vn v h P v Iq v K Lv jQ )C K P*DQj* * 4*QB !](( K iv | A v ey n v dQ A v j-dv iM v bx e jb, h e w A A vq vZ wU ^x Kv i K i wbj, m e w

)0 ES=0f; 0 /0:;=10>E( Rv e wiq v (A `e v ` x ) I K v ` v wiq v (Zv K` x iK A ^x K v iK v ix ) Av Kx ` v _ K gyw c j (KziZzex)|

(5) K!H

>=( Y0= /=E0Q/9 wbq B Z zwg m ij c _ c ` k b K i _ v K (k~iv 42/52)| A byic fv e Rv bv Z e vm x iv A v jv n K e j e , 9/$0; = /h=VX *000J >V0= *00 *LD2W

0h=0Q/0D= >/&> ;)>H *000J 6 hv e Zx q ck sm v A v jv n&i Rb , whw b A v gv ` iK G i c _ c ` kb K i Q b| A v i A vjv n A v gv ` i n ` vq vZ bv K i j A v giv n `v qv Zcv n Zv g bv ... (Avivd 7/43)|

A A v qv Z =*0=/J>= >Y0@# e v =>Y0@# bv e j n i d Rv i we jy K i m iv m wi =*0=/J >Y0@# e jv i g a K ziA v bi D bZ fv l v jsK v i dz U D VQ | A v i Zv G B h ,

G L v b n ` vq vZ cv _bv K B iZ ` Iq v nq Q | 53 . gym wjg n v / 2654 , wgk K v Z n v / 8 9|


2 8

n`vqvZi cKvif` :

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Education

Tafseer Tafseerul quran 30th para_by_prof._dr._muhammad_asadullah_al-ghalib