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Groundwater Aquifer Storage and Recovery in Arid Regions: Abu Dhabi Pilot Experiment Case Study, By Dr. Mohamed Dawoud, Manager, Water Resources Department, Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi, Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
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Consultancy Services for Artificial Recharge and Utilisation of the Groundwater Resource in the Liwa Area1
Groundwater Aquifer Storage and Recovery in Arid Regions:Abu Dhabi Pilot Experiment Case Study
Dr. Mohamed DawoudManager, Water Resources Department
Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi
“Learning from land and water projects experiences for smart management”15-18 December 2013, Amman-Jordan
Consultancy Services for Artificial Recharge and Utilisation of the Groundwater Resource in the Liwa Area2
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Kuwait Qatar Oman UAE Bahrain SaudiArabia
Day
s
Dependency of Domestic Sector on Desalination (100%)
Present Supply Network Present Storage
Consultancy Services for Artificial Recharge and Utilisation of the Groundwater Resource in the Liwa Area3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2 5
2 4
2 1
1 9
2 0
2 5
0
0
1 6
1 9
2 3
2 5
2 8
2 9
2 6
2 3
2 5
3 1
3 4
0
1 5
1 9
2 4
2 8
3 6
3 8
3 6
3 4
3 1
3 3
3 5
3 8
4 0
0
0
1 7
2 4
3 0
3 7
4 1
4 5
4 5
4 3
4 2
4 3
4 1
4 2
4 1
0
0
2 4
3 7
4 6
4 6
5 4
5 0
5 2
5 2
5 3
5 1
5 2
5 3
5 5
0
0
2 3
3 4
4 0
6 0
5 8
5 8
6 3
6 4
6 5
6 4
6 5
6 2
5 8
0
0
1 8
3 3
4 4
5 7
6 1
6 5
6 8
7 0
7 3
7 4
7 1
6 8
6 5
0
0
1 7
3 4
4 4
5 6
7 0
7 2
7 4
8 0
8 0
7 9
7 4
7 4
6 7
0
0
2 0
3 5
4 3
5 7
6 8
8 0
8 8
8 8
8 7
8 5
7 7
6 6
6 5
0
1 4
1 8
3 1
4 7
5 7
6 2
7 9
8 8
9 1
8 6
8 4
7 1
6 2
5 8
0
1 5
2 7
4 3
6 0
6 8
8 1
8 2
9 1
8 6
7 9
6 5
5 1
4 0
0
0
0
2 2
4 4
5 6
6 6
7 8
8 3
9 1
9 0
8 2
6 7
3 6
3 3
3 3
0
0
1 7
3 0
4 8
6 5
7 6
8 6
9 1
9 2
8 1
4 6
3 4
2 9
0
0
0
0
2 6
4 7
5 9
7 6
9 0
9 0
9 0
6 8
4 2
3 2
3 1
0
0
0
0
2 4
3 9
4 8
5 7
7 5
7 6
7 7
6 5
4 9
4 0
0
0
0
0
0
2 6
3 6
4 4
5 6
7 5
8 4
8 2
6 2
4 7
3 9
0
0
0
0
0
2 3
3 5
4 3
5 6
6 1
8 2
8 7
5 7
2 9
4 0
0
0
0
0
0
2 1
3 1
3 9
5 0
5 6
6 1
7 9
7 0
3 3
3 9
4 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2 8
4 3
5 0
5 9
6 2
6 3
7 5
5 2
4 0
4 1
3 6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2 1
3 0
4 4
5 1
5 5
5 5
5 7
6 8
5 6
4 1
3 2
2 9
0
0
0
0
0
0
2 7
3 5
4 1
4 8
6 0
5 3
5 7
6 3
5 7
5 1
3 3
3 0
0
0
0
0
0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 2
4 6
5 1
5 2
5 5
5 8
5 8
5 1
4 9
2 6
0
0
0
0
0
1 9
2 3
2 8
3 1
4 1
4 7
5 2
5 8
5 7
5 3
5 4
5 7
5 2
3 9
2 7
0
0
0
0
0
1 7
2 2
2 8
3 3
3 8
4 2
5 0
4 9
5 7
6 0
5 0
5 3
5 3
4 9
3 7
3 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 6
2 0
2 7
3 2
3 7
4 0
4 1
4 5
4 7
4 7
5 3
5 0
4 8
5 0
4 5
3 8
2 8
0
0
0
1 4
0
1 5
1 8
2 1
2 3
2 6
3 1
3 6
3 9
4 1
4 4
4 7
4 7
4 8
4 4
4 3
4 7
4 7
4 2
3 0
0
0
0
0
1 3
1 6
1 7
2 0
2 4
2 5
2 7
2 8
3 9
3 6
3 8
4 5
4 5
4 5
4 7
4 1
4 0
3 9
4 3
4 6
4 1
2 9
0
0
0
0
2 0
2 2
2 3
2 3
2 7
2 9
2 9
3 0
3 3
3 3
3 5
3 5
4 0
4 1
4 3
4 1
3 7
3 3
3 1
3 3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2 3
2 6
2 8
2 3
3 4
3 1
3 2
3 4
3 3
3 2
3 3
3 5
3 7
3 5
3 5
3 7
3 3
2 7
0
0
0
0
2 5
0
0
2 9
2 6
2 4
3 0
3 1
3 3
3 2
3 7
3 5
2 8
2 8
3 2
3 1
2 8
2 7
0
0
0
0
2 5
2 4
0
0
3 1
2 9
2 5
3 3
3 7
3 6
2 7
3 5
3 7
3 1
2 9
3 0
2 6
0
0
0
0
5 2
4 0
2 9
3 4
4 0
4 9
4 6
2 9
2 6
3 4
3 5
3 2
2 5
2 1
3 1
0
0
3 1
2 7
4 0
4 9
5 0
4 1
3 8
3 1
3 6
3 7
3 2
3 0
1 8
4 9
4 3
3 7
3 7
3 4
4 8
5 0
3 4
2 5
3 7
2 8
3 7
4 9
4 5
5 4
4 7
4 2
2 9
2 9
1 4
2 0
4 1
4 5
4 1
0
5 1
4 8
3 0
2 1
0
4 9
4 0
0
5 7
0
0
0
3 9
0
0
0
H a l e i b a
A z Z a f r a h
A g r a b
A l F a i h a
B u H a m r a h
R a m l a t A r R a b b a d
M e n d e r
Q u s a h w i r a
M a s h h u r
A l Q a f a
Z a r r a r a h
H u w a i l aB a t e e n
Z a r o u bA s S a d
A l K h a z n a
B U
H A S A
S A H
I L
A S A
B
S H A H
B A B
L I W AS u l t a n a t eo f O m a n
D u b a i
K i n g d o m o f S a u d i A r a b i a
A r a b i a n G u l f
A r z a n a
J e be l H
a f i t
Sh
a r j a h
0 k m 2 5 k m 5 0 k m 7 5 k m 1 0 0 k m
0 - 1 0
1 0 - 2 0
2 0 - 3 0
3 0 - 4 0
4 0 - 5 0
5 0 - 6 0
6 0 - 7 0
7 0 - 8 0
8 0 - 9 0
9 0 - 1 0 0E v a l u a t i o n
P o i n t s
S u i t a b i l i t y o f A r e a f o rL a r g e - S c a l e A S R - P r o j e c t
C l u s t e r e x c l u d e d i f t h r e e o r m o r e C r i t e r i a n o t f u l f i l l e dS u i t a b i l i t y o f A r e a s f o r L a r g e - S c a l e A S R - P r o j e c t
N o . o f C r i t e r i a f o r w h i c hM i n i m u m R e q u i r e m e n t i sn o t f u l f i l l e d
t o
E v a l u a t i o n C r i t e r i a , m i n . R e q u i r e m e n t s a n d m a x . P o i n t s :m a x : 2 5 p o i n t sm a x . 1 0 p o i n t sm a x : 1 0 p o i n t sm a x . 2 0 p o i n t sm a x . 1 5 p o i n t sm a x . 1 0 p o i n t sm a x . 1 0 p o i n t s
> = 1 0 m> = 1 0 m> = 1 0 m< = 2 5 , 0 0 0 p p m< = 5 ‰> = 5 k m< = 5 0 0
A v a i l a b l e T h i c k n e s s o f V a d o s e Z o n eA v a i l a b l e A q u i f e r S y s t e m T h i c k n e s sA v a i l a b l e A q u i f e r T h i c k n e s sN a t i v e G r o u n d w a t e r S a l i n i t yN a t u r a l G e o h y d r a u l i c G r a d i e n tD i s t a n c e t o n e x t B o r d e r / S h o r eN u m b e r o f e x i s t i n g W e l l s
Suite
dLi
mite
d Su
ited
Uns
uite
d
A S R - P i l o t P r o j e c t A r e a
A b uD h a b i
A lA i n
Suitability Evaluation for Groundwater AquiferOverall Assessment of Criteria
Consultancy Services for Artificial Recharge and Utilisation of the Groundwater Resource in the Liwa Area4
Suitability Evaluation for Groundwater AquiferOverall Assessment of Criteria
HYDROGEOLOGY Available thickness of the aquifer system Thickness of the vadose zone (vertical distance surface to
groundwater table) Aquifer confinement Quality / salinity of the native groundwater Aquifer transmissivity and storativity Groundwater flow gradient and velocity Present and future use of the aquifer by third parties (agriculture,
municipal, forestry, etc.) …….
OTHERS Distance to nearest border / coastline General infrastructure Present and future land utilisation / development (urban, industrial,
agriculture, etc.) Environmental aspects, regulations Concessions (oil, gas, mining, etc.) …….
Consultancy Services for Artificial Recharge and Utilisation of the Groundwater Resource in the Liwa Area5
Selection of Thematic Hydrogeological Maps Geology, Geohydraulics, Hydrochemistry, Hydroisotopes
L I W A
- O x y g e n - 1 8δ ( p e r m i l V S M O W )A b u
D h a b i
L I W A
A r z a n a
G r a d i e n t o f G r o u n d w a t e r F l o wA b u
D h a b i
L I W A
δ - D e u t e r i u m ( p e r m i l V S M O W )A b u
D h a b i
L I W A
A r z a n a
G r o u n d w a t e r L e v e lA b u
D h a b i
L I W A
B i - c a r b o n a t e - C o n c e n t r a t i o nA b u
D h a b i
L I W A
R e c h a r g e D i s t a n c eD e p t h t o G r o u n d w a t e r L e v e l A b u
D h a b i
L I W A
G r o u n d w a t e r S a l i n i t yA b u
D h a b i
L I W A
J e be l H
a f i t
T h i c k n e s s o f S h a l l o w A q u i f e rA b u
D h a b i
L I W A
T h i c k n e s s o f F o r m a t i o n a b o v e E v a p o r i t e sA b u
D h a b i
Consultancy Services for Artificial Recharge and Utilisation of the Groundwater Resource in the Liwa Area6
Final Selection for ASR Pilot Project LocationHydrogeological Cross Section
2 5 3 0 0 0 0 2 5 4 0 0 0 0 2 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 5 6 0 0 0 0 2 5 7 0 0 0 0 2 5 8 0 0 0 0 2 5 9 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 1 0 0 0 0 2 6 2 0 0 0 0 2 6 3 0 0 0 0 2 6 4 0 0 0 0 2 6 5 0 0 0 0 2 6 6 0 0 0 0
L a t i t u d e ( U T M y 4 0 )
- 7 5- 5 0- 2 5
02 55 07 5
1 0 01 2 51 5 01 7 52 0 02 2 5
Elev
atio
n (m
MSL
)
- 7 5- 5 0- 2 502 55 07 51 0 01 2 51 5 01 7 52 0 02 2 5A l Q a f a / B u H a s aL i w a
C r e s c e n tA l B a t e e n
Arab
ian
Gul
f
S o u t h N o r t h
s a l i n e
b r a c k i s hf r e s h
G W - S h e d
< = 1 , 0 0 0 p p m> 1 , 0 0 0 - 1 , 5 0 0 p p m> 1 , 5 0 0 - 4 , 0 0 0 p p m> 4 , 0 0 0 - 7 , 0 0 0 p p m> 7 , 0 0 0 - 1 0 , 0 0 0 p p m> 1 0 , 0 0 0 p p m
V e r t i c a l E x a g g e r a t i o n : 1 0 0 - f o l d
0 k m 1 0 k m 2 0 k m 3 0 k m 4 0 k m 5 0 k mA q u i t a r d / A q u i c l u d e
A b u D h a b i
A l A i n
S h u w e i h a t
H a m i m
M i z e r i a h
A l M i r f a
M a d i n a t Z a y e d
A r a b i a n G u l f
0 k m 5 0 k m 1 0 0 k m 1 5 0 k m
E m i r a t e o fA b u D h a b i
Consultancy Services for Artificial Recharge and Utilisation of the Groundwater Resource in the Liwa Area7
Infiltra
tio
n /
Ab
str
actio
n R
ate
(m
³/h
)
Cu
m.
Infiltra
tio
n /
Ab
str
actio
n V
olu
me
(m
³)
Ele
va
tio
n o
f G
rou
nd
wa
ter
Le
ve
l (m
+M
SL
)
Ele
va
tio
n o
f G
rou
nd
wa
ter
Le
ve
l (m
+M
SL
)
Groundwater Level Fluctuations of Observed Wells
10
11
03
10
51
07
10
91
11
11
31
15
10
110
310
510
710
911
111
311
5OB-01: r= 45.1m OB-02: r= 55.3m
OB-05: r= 0m OB-06A: r= 36.9m
OB-06B: r= 35.7m OB-06C: r= 36.1m
OB-06D: r= 38.5m OB-07A: r= 92.1m
OB-07B: r= 91.5m OB-07C: r= 91.4m
OB-07D: r= 92.3m OB-08: r= 127m
OB-09: r= 691.6m OB-10: r= 204.8m
OB-11: r= 433.5m OB-12: r= 889m
OB-13: r= 181m OB-14: r= 533.1m
OB-15: r= 731.3m OB-16: r= 99.7m
OB-17: r= 366.5m OB-18: r= 1164.2m
OB-19: r= 1766.5m
Electrical Conductivity/Total Dissolved Solidsof Groundwater and Infiltrated Desalinated Seawater
04
00
80
01
,200
1,6
00
2,0
00
2,4
00
020
040
060
080
01,0
00
1,2
00
1,4
00
EC Desalinated Seawater OB-01: r= 45.1mOB-02: r= 55.3m OB-05: r= 0mOB-06A: r= 36.9m OB-06B: r= 35.7mOB-06C: r= 36.1m OB-06D: r= 38.5mOB-07A: r= 92.1m OB-07B: r= 91.5mOB-07C: r= 91.4m OB-07D: r= 92.3mOB-08: r= 127m OB-09: r= 691.6m
Regime of Desalinated Seawater Infiltration and Groundwater Abstraction
-300
-200
-100
01
00
20
03
00
40
0 25.0
9.0
3
09.1
0.0
3
23.1
0.0
3
06.1
1.0
3
20.1
1.0
3
04.1
2.0
3
18.1
2.0
3
01.0
1.0
4
15.0
1.0
4
29
.01
.04
12.0
2.0
4
26.0
2.0
4
11.0
3.0
4
25.0
3.0
4
08.0
4.0
4
22
.04
.04
06.0
5.0
4
20.0
5.0
4
03
.06
.04
17.0
6.0
4
01.0
7.0
4
15
.07.0
4
29.0
7.0
4
12.0
8.0
4
26
.08
.04
09.0
9.0
4
23.0
9.0
4
07.1
0.0
4
21.1
0.0
4
04
.11
.04
18
.11.0
4
02.1
2.0
4
-1.2
E+
6-6
.0E
+5
0.0
E+
06.0
E+
51.2
E+
6
Infiltration Rate
Abstraction Rate (RB-01-04)
Cumulative Infiltration
Cumulative Abstraction (RB-01-04)
ASR Pilot Project (Infiltration/Recovery Cycles)Groundwater Level Monitoring
Consultancy Services for Artificial Recharge and Utilisation of the Groundwater Resource in the Liwa Area8
ASR Pilot Project Results250 days continuous injection
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
OB-
06A-
D
OB-
07A-
D
OB-
04
OB-
05
OB-
01
OB-
02
OB-
08
OB-
10
RB-
01
RB-
03 OB-
16
OB-
13 a f t e r 1 5 0 d a y sI n f i l t r a t e d V o l u m e : 8 8 3 , 1 0 0 m ³
I n i t i a l G r o u n d -w a t e r L e v e l
W e s t E a s t
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
OB-
06A-
D
OB-
07A-
D
OB-
04
OB-
05
OB-
01
OB-
02
OB-
08
OB-
10
RB-
01
RB-
03 OB-
16
OB-
13
- 2 2 5 m - 2 0 0 m - 1 7 5 m - 1 5 0 m - 1 2 5 m - 1 0 0 m - 7 5 m - 5 0 m - 2 5 m 0 m 2 5 m 5 0 m 7 5 m 1 0 0 m 1 2 5 m 1 5 0 m 1 7 5 m 2 0 0 m 2 2 5 m
I n i t i a l E C o f G r o u n d w a t e rB e f o r e S t a r t o f I n f i l t r a t i o nI n f i l t r a t i o n B a s i n
S c r e e n e dS e c t i o no f W e l l
N a t u r a l G r o u n d w a t e r L e v e l
m+M
SL
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
OB-
06A-
D
OB-
07A-
D
OB-
04
OB-
05
OB-
01
OB-
02
OB-
08
OB-
10
RB-
01
RB-
03 OB-
16
OB-
13
I n i t i a l G r o u n d -w a t e r L e v e l
a f t e r 7 5 d a y sI n f i l t r a t e d V o l u m e : 4 3 2 , 7 0 0 m ³
- 2 2 5 m - 2 0 0 m - 1 7 5 m - 1 5 0 m - 1 2 5 m - 1 0 0 m - 7 5 m - 5 0 m - 2 5 m 0 m 2 5 m 5 0 m 7 5 m 1 0 0 m 1 2 5 m 1 5 0 m 1 7 5 m 2 0 0 m 2 2 5 m2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
OB-
06A-
D
OB-
07A-
D
OB-
04
OB-
05
OB-
01
OB-
02
OB-
08
OB-
10
RB-
01
RB-
03 OB-
16
OB-
13 a f t e r 2 5 0 d a y sI n f i l t r a t e d V o l u m e : 1 , 4 8 2 , 4 0 0 m ³
I n i t i a l G r o u n d -w a t e r L e v e l
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
OB-
06A-
D
OB-
07A-
D
OB-
04
OB-
05
OB-
01
OB-
02
OB-
08
OB-
10
RB-
01
RB-
03 OB-
16
OB-
13 a f t e r 2 5 d a y sI n f i l t r a t e d V o l u m e : 1 4 9 , 5 0 0 m ³
I n i t i a l G r o u n d -w a t e r L e v e l
W e s t E a s t
- 2 2 5 m - 2 0 0 m - 1 7 5 m - 1 5 0 m - 1 2 5 m - 1 0 0 m - 7 5 m - 5 0 m - 2 5 m 0 m 2 5 m 5 0 m 7 5 m 1 0 0 m 1 2 5 m 1 5 0 m 1 7 5 m 2 0 0 m 2 2 5 m2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
OB-
06A-
D
OB-
07A-
D
OB-
04
OB-
05
OB-
01
OB-
02
OB-
08
OB-
10
RB-
01
RB-
03 OB-
16
OB-
13 a f t e r 2 5 0 d a y sI n f i l t r a t e d V o l u m e : 1 , 4 8 2 , 4 0 0 m ³
I n i t i a l G r o u n d -w a t e r L e v e l
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
OB-
06A-
D
OB-
07A-
D
OB-
04
OB-
05
OB-
01
OB-
02
OB-
08
OB-
10
RB-
01
RB-
03 OB-
16
OB-
13 a f t e r 1 5 0 d a y sI n f i l t r a t e d V o l u m e : 8 8 3 , 1 0 0 m ³
I n i t i a l G r o u n d -w a t e r L e v e l
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
OB-
06A-
D
OB-
07A-
D
OB-
04
OB-
05
OB-
01
OB-
02
OB-
08
OB-
10
RB
-01
RB-
03 OB-
16
OB-
13
I n i t i a l G r o u n d -w a t e r L e v e l
a f t e r 7 5 d a y sI n f i l t r a t e d V o l u m e : 4 3 2 , 7 0 0 m ³
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
OB-
06A-
D
OB-
07A-
D
OB-
04
OB-
05
OB
-01
OB-
02
OB-
08
OB-
10
RB
-01
RB-
03 OB-
16
OB-
13
- 2 2 5 m - 2 0 0 m - 1 7 5 m - 1 5 0 m - 1 2 5 m - 1 0 0 m - 7 5 m - 5 0 m - 2 5 m 0 m 2 5 m 5 0 m 7 5 m 1 0 0 m 1 2 5 m 1 5 0 m 1 7 5 m 2 0 0 m 2 2 5 m
a f t e r 2 5 d a y sI n f i l t r a t e d V o l u m e : 1 4 9 , 5 0 0 m ³I n f i l t r a t i o n B a s i n
I n i t i a l G r o u n d -w a t e r L e v e l
m+M
SL
Consultancy Services for Artificial Recharge and Utilisation of the Groundwater Resource in the Liwa Area9
Lesson Learned and Recommendations
• GCC countries depend on desalinated water for domestic water supply.
• Emergency reserve in the surface reservoirs and distribution network is 2-5 days.
• Increasing the storage capacity using surface reservoirs is costly and not environmentally friendly.
• Groundwater storage using the artificial recharge technique is a promising tool for strategic water reserves
in all GCC countries. • Storing the fresh water in groundwater aquifers is safer
and more reliable in terms of time and location. • It is recommended to carry out more extensive studies to
evaluate the feasibility of artificial recharge schemes.
Consultancy Services for Artificial Recharge and Utilisation of the Groundwater Resource in the Liwa Area10
Thank You
