Sustainable lighting NTU (Philip Harfield)

Philip Harfield 2014

Eco-innovation for critical materials in the lighting sector

Philip HarfieldSenior Project OfficerEcodesign Centre2014


‘We make ecodesign happen through developing and delivering collaborative multi-sectoral ecodesign projects’.


closed loop, zero waste, lifecycle thinking, resource efficiency, ecodesign, lean manufacture, eco-innovation, cradle to cradle, biomimicry, sustainable design, design for environment, five capitals, industrial ecology, circular economy…


aim: decoupling impact from growth

image source www.flickr.com


decoupling resource impact?

absolute decoupling ‘intrinsic to the survival of human civilisation’ (UNEP, 2011)

• Dr Fredrich Schmidt-Bleek material intensity should be reduced by factor of ten• EU - Policy measures / action planning / business incentives / research

image source: www.eea.europa.eu


challenge: current practice is not enough!

futurenow

external

internal

Modifiedproducts

Alternate products

Alternate businessmodels

sustainableresponsibleleadership

Alternate ownership

models

New industrial systems



futurenow

external

internal

Modifiedproducts

Alternate products


Alternate ownership

models

systemic change

radical change

incremental change

Alternate businessmodels




challenge business as usual

product/service offer

companymanagement

futurenow

external

internal

Alternate products


Alternate ownership

models Alternate businessmodels


Q. vision/values/capacity/competence/finance


challenge business as usual


companymanagement

institutional steer

infrastructural requirements

organisational structures

market engagement

futurenow

external

internal

‘innovation occurs within a context of inherent uncertainty’ (O’Rafferty 2013) Philip Harfield 2014


higher-level requirements?


companymanagement

institutional steer

infrastructural requirements

organisational structures

market engagement

futurenow

external

internal

shift in product / service proposition

shift of Business Modelservice systems criteria

shift in level of systemsintegration

Product-service evolution / New solutions / Wider-scale application

non-technicalcollaborative



recovery

Collaboration across the lifecycleDemonstrate eco-innovation in LED technologies through decoupling critical material consumption from the economic potential of LED technologies.

cycling resources embedded in systems containing Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)


why LEDs: necessary complexity!

• 7 materials• Manufacturing energy 42MJ

(per 20M lumen-hours) • Use energy 60W

• 30+ materials (17 in LED chip)• Manufacturing energy 343 MJ

(per 20M lumen-hours) • Use energy 12.5W

(DOE 2012, DEFRA 2009)


Sapphire, Gallium, Aluminium, Gold, Silver, Tin, Indium, Chromium, Platinum, Cerium, Europium, Terbium, Yttrium, Silicone Carbide, Silicon

Why LEDs: critical materials!

Indi

um -

13Tin - 40

1027 – Aluminium

61 - CopperGold - 45Zinc - 46

90 - Nickel

116 - TanatalumSil

ver-

29360 - Platinum

why: geological availability? (years supply)

(Source: Reller & Graedel, New Scientist 2007)

global issue – critical resources

Supply Risk Economic Importance ‘Low Carbon’

Environmental Risk Social Riskhttp://www.abc.net.au/www.flickr.com

http://www.reuters.com/


manufacture

use

reuse

recovery

collection

assembly& marketpre-processing cycLED

material inputs

technical solutions


manufacture

use

reuse

recovery

collection

pre-processing

external

eco-i

material inputs

assembly& market

external

internal (company)

tech solutions + non-tech = guidelines


reuse

use

EoLsupply

make

sell

production consumption

form

assemble

finish

pack deliver

market

extract

process

deliver

re-sell

refurb

re-process

pre- process re-sell

buyreturn

repair

re-brandeco-i


slow metabolism

valorize new business

opportunity

close resource loops

extended use cycle

reduce embedded impact

optimise design for resource efficiency validate new

consumption model

reuse

use

EoLsupply

make

sell

production consumption

form

assemble

finish

pack deliver

market

extract

process

deliver

re-sell

refurb

re-process

pre- process re-sell

buyreturn

repair

re-brandeco-i


www.braun-lighting.com

http://www.ona.es/

http://www.etaplighting.com/

Industrial:Product Service System

Street-lighting:Servicability focus

Commercial (harsh environments): Extended life focus

Domestic/retail:End of Life focus (recovery)

Demonstrating eco-innovation

http://riva.sc/


many eco-innovation challenges:• The rapid ‘innovation’ rate of LED technologies

inhibits long term thinking (controlled via IP)• Lifecycle uncertainty within design brief -

substitution vs. recycling (return on investment or extended payback)

• Technology foresight -hydro vs. pyro-metallurgy, market demand for eco-innovation

• Open innovation: competitive environment prevents collaboration between organisations

• Business resource requirements (finance, capabilities, competencies)

• Rebound - application ‘innovation’ may offset any efficiency gains?

barriers to change / adoption


cycLED: first steps to possible solutions• Define the collaborative landscape:– pooled knowledge & solutions?– shared costs & value?– innovation platforms (within competitive arena)?

• Develop models & tools to valorize radical business model innovation (TCO vs. TVO)

• Develop evaluation criteria for successful eco-innovative products (success = product & systems value for Reusability, Recoverability, Durability, Dematerialization etc.)

• Development of technical design rules for critical resource efficient products & non-technical system rules for value chain!


There are many design led ‘solutions’ promising much

• Optimised Product – resource conservation• Extended life product – resource consumption• Second life product – resource reuse• End of Life product - resource recovery

image: authors own


lifecycle scenarioWhat use is technical longevity if:• The building requires a refit after 5 years wear and tear - lost

‘newness’• The hotel undertakes a rebrand or changes ownership - existing

lights are not inline with the incoming brand• The hotel moves and the building is to be converted into

apartments.Does this mean we need:• To offer ‘as new’ products underpinned by warrantees & incentives

(cash-back), explore durability & refurbishment strategies?• Business tools to quantifying / communicate value of transferable/

flexible ownership? • Develop the business case (company motivations) for repair

services requirements: CBA – resource (staff, equip), infrastructure (storage space), economies of scale (estimated quantities of reusable products/components), technological support (smart tags), additional service revenues (maintenance, control & monitoring)


Opportunity to ‘sell’ more?Opportunity to ‘design’ more?

Doesn’t mean less work & fewer designer but designers that like industry & society, step-up the eco-innovation ladder!


Philip HarfieldEcodesign CentreSenior Project [email protected]

Education

Sustainable lighting NTU (Philip Harfield)