Summery ( Oral cancer in saudi arabia )

ORAL PATHOLOGY

ONLINE

CONFERENCE Third year dental students

Supervised by Dr.Dalal ALQahtani

[email protected]

College of Dentistry

King Saud University

SUMMARY

mailto:[email protected]

TOPIC NAME: ORAL CANCER IN

SAUDI ARABIA

DONE BY:

Asma Al-Owaiouid

Aisha Al-Sanie

Eman Al-Abdulqader

Reem Al-Dhafiri

Shahad Al-Harran

In this topic “Oral cancer in Saudi Arabia” we will

cover: the incidence, risk factors and some

specialists' opinions about the lack of studies and

researches about this topic.

Oral cancer is a serious lesion that happened by

an abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells

which cause damage to the surrounding tissue. It

includes cancers of the lips, tongue, floor of the

mouth, hard & soft palate, cheeks, pharynx and

sinuses. Oral cancer is a life threatening if not

diagnosed and treated early.

https://twitter.com/search?q=#Oral_path_conf



According to Cancer Incidence Report Saudi Arabia 2004 the total

number of cancer incident cases is 9381 In general men were

affected more than women the men indecent 50%.9 while the female

49.1% The analyze of 2004 shows that the group age of 60-74

males have the highest colo-rectal cancer,While it shows that the

group age of 45-59 females have Brest cancer.

Going in depth to our main subject oral cancer in KSA .In general

some regions have high percentage of oral cancer such as northern

region which tongue cancer in males take the fourth place by a

percentage of 6.1%. Also Jazan shows ahigh percentage of oral

cancer with 9.4% and tongue cancer of 3.8% in males .Tongue

cancer takes the second place by 9.2% in females and oral by 5.5%

.Najran also have a percentage of 3.4% tongue cancer in male .

Baha region have the percentage of 6.9% of tongue caner in males

while 2.7% in females.(1)

Relative frequencies for oral cancer cases among Saudi males and

females by site and region, 2004(1) (Picture 1)

Riyadh

FemaleMaleSites

0.0%0.2%Lip

0.4%0.7%Tongue

0.4%0.7%Mouth

0.3%0.2%Salivaryglands

0.0%0.0%Tonsil

0.0%0.0%Oropharynx


females by site and region, 2004 (Picture 2)

Makkah

FemaleMaleSites

0.1%0.5%Lip

1%0.5%Tongue

0.4%1.2%Mouth


0.0%0.2%Tonsil

0.1%0.2%Oropharynx





Easternprovince

FemaleMaleSites

0.0%0.4%Lip

0.5%0.7%Tongue

0.2%0.5%Mouth


0.0% 0.0%Tonsil

0.0%0.0%Oropharynx

Najran

FemaleMaleSites

0.0%0.0%Lip

2.7%3.4%Tongue

2.7%1.7%Mouth


0.0%0.0%Tonsil

0.0%0.0%Oropharynx


females by site and region, 2004 (Picture 5

Jouf

FemaleMaleSites

1.8%0.0%Lip

0.0% 0.0% Tongue

0.0% 0.0% Mouth

3.6%0.0% Salivaryglands

0.0% 0.0% Tonsil

0.0% 0.0% Oropharynx

Relative frequencies for oral cancer cases among Saudi males

and females by site and region, 2004 (Picture 6)

Tabuk

FemaleMaleSites

0.0% 0.0% Lip

0.0% 0.0% Tongue

1%0.0% Mouth

0.0% 0.9%Salivaryglands

0.0% 0.0% Tonsil




NorthernRegion

FemaleMaleSites

0.0% 0.0% Lip

0.0% 6.1%Tongue

1%0.0% Mouth

0.0% 0.0% Salivaryglands

0.0% 0.0% Tonsil




Madinah

FemaleMaleSites

0.5%0.0% Lip

0.0% 0.5%Tongue

0.9%0.5%Mouth


0.5%0.0% Tonsil


Relative frequencies for oral cancer cases among Saudi males and females by

site and region, 2004 (Picture 9)

Hail

FemaleMaleSites

0.0% 0.0%Lip

0.0% 0.0% Tongue

0.0% 0.0% Mouth


0.0% 0.0% Tonsil




Qassim

FemaleMaleSites

0.0% 0.0% Lip

0.0% 0.6%Tongue

0.0% 0.0% Mouth

0.0% 1.2%Salivaryglands

0.0% 0.0% Tonsil




Asir

FemaleMaleSites

0.0% 0.0% Lip

0.8%0.77%Tongue

0.8%1.2%Mouth


0.0% 0.0% Tonsil


Relative frequencies for oral cancer cases among Saudi males and females

by site and region, 2004 (Picture 12) Baha

FemaleMaleSites

0.0% 0.0% Lip

2.7%6.9%Tongue

1.4%1.7%Mouth


0.0% 0.0% Tonsil




Jazan

FemaleMaleSites

2.8%0.0% Lip

9.2%3.8%Tongue

5.5%9.4%Mouth


0.0% 0.0% Tonsil


Among the distribution of 20 most common malignancies (1975–2012) (total

cases=75,233) at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research centre Oral Cavity

was the 7th most common showing 3,458 cases, which represent 4.6%

Oral cavity tumors cases seen at KFSH&RC during 2002-2006 were 520 case from

total of 13,720 tumor cases, representing 3.8% While During 2007-2011, 502 Oral

cavity tumors cases from total of 12,723 tumor cases, which represent 3.9%



During 2012, 86 Oral cavity tumor cases was seen in KFSH&RC from total

of 2,544 tumor cases, which represent 3.4%

From 86 case, male cases was 41 while female 45 case. Analytic cases

79 while Non-Analytic cases 7.

More details about the analytic cases :



Among Distribution of 20 most common malignancies 2012

analytic cases (Total Cases = 2,288 at KFSH&RC)

Oral Cavity was

From total of 2,544 primary site cancer cases seen at KFSH&RC, LIP Cancer

histology showed 1 case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma .While 28 TONGUE

Cancer cases, histology showed 25 Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases, 1 case

Liposarcoma ,1 case Malignant Melanoma and 1 case Verrucous Carcinoma

,16 GUM cancer cases,histology showed 15 Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases

and 1 Malignant Melanoma case.

1 floor of mouth cancer case, histology showed Squamous Cell Carcinoma

case 4 PALATE cancer cases, histology showed 2 Polymorphous Low Grade,

2 Adenocarcinoma cases.1 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma and 1 Squamous Cell

Carcinoma case .other part of mouth 13 cases, histology showed 10

Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases, 1 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma case, 1

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma case and 1 Verrucous Carcinoma. (2)






From MULTIPLE PRIMARY SITES cancer cases seen at KFSH&RC total of

114,

2 TONGUE cases, histology showed 1 Malignant Melanoma with other

primaries (Lymph Nodes, NHL) and 1 Squamous Cell Carcinoma with other

primaries (Gum-Sq Cell Carcinoma) .2 MOUTH cases, histology shoed 1

Squamous Cell Carcinoma with other primarie (Thyroid - Papillary

Carcinoma, Tongue-Sq Cell Carcinoma) and 1 Squamous Cell Carcinoma

with other primaries (Esophagus - Sq Cell Carcinoma)(2)

This video will show you the incidence in different countries worldwide in

comparison with the incidence in Saudi Arabia.

http://youtu.be/Q7ihowQauXM

http://youtu.be/Q7ihowQauXM

Risk factors

After listing the incidence let's try to discover some of oral cancer risk

factors. What do you think what are the risk factors for oral cancer?

Oral cancer can develop in any person as the other cancers. But the

likelihood of developing this disease may increase with some factors as:

1. Gender: the likelihood of developing oral & oropharyngeal cancer in

men is twice as in women. The risk increased most probably because of

using tobacco & alcohol. (4)

2. Age: The risk is increased with age. 66% of patients diagnosed for oral

cancer are over the age of 55. (4)

3. Ultraviolet light: People with outdoor occupations or prolonged

exposure to sunlight may develop cancer of the lip. (4)




4. Genetics syndrome: Some inherited genetic mutations

may carry a high risk of developing oral cancer. This include:

Fanconi anemia & Dyskeratosis congenital. (4)

5. Tobacco use: Most patients with oral or oropharyngeal

cancers use tobacco in form of cigarettes, chewing tobacco or

snuff. (4)

Developing of these diseases depends on the duration &

frequency of using tobacco. Smoking can cause many form of

cancer for example: cancer in the lips, cheeks, tongue, throat. (4)

Many oral cancer cases in Saudi Arabia is linked to the history

of using smokeless tobacco (Shamma). (3)

6. Alcohol: many patients diagnosed for oral cancer are

heavy alcohol drinkers. (4)





7. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: HPV is tied to the

development of cervical cancer.But it is also a risk factor for

oral and oropharyngeal cancers.

There is a strong link between HPV-16 and oropharyngeal

cancer. (4)

8. Immune system suppression: immune suppressor drugs

that used to prevent rejection of a transplant organ or to treat

certain immune diseases, may increase the risk of oral cancer. (4)

9. Lichen planus: People with a severe case of this lesion

may have a higher risk of oral cancer. It may cause itchy rash

but sometimes appears as white lines or spots in the mouth

and throat. Lichen planus usually affects middle-aged people. (4)




In summary the risk factors for oral cancer are:

Specialties opinions about the causes of

shortage of studies &researches in Oral cancer

in SA :While collecting data about this topic

we found there is a shortage in studies

and researches, so we asked some

dentists from different specialties to

know their opinions.

http://www.slideshare.net/Oral_Path_Conf/dentists-

opinions-regarding-oral-cancer-in-saudi-arabia


To conclude,a lot of dentists believe that there is no data base

and a lack of team work.

Can you suggest solutions or methods to improve

this shortage in researches?

We have discussed the incidence of oral cancer

in KSA, risk factor and causes for the lack of data

in oral cancer. Hope you enjoy it and get benefit

from it.

Thank you.

Education

Summery ( Oral cancer in saudi arabia )