Subjunctive el subjuntivo ppt

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What is the subjunctive?

• The subjunctive is not a tense; it is a mood.

• The subjunctive is used when reporting something that

is not necessarily real, or that depends on something

else. The subjunctive signals that it may or may not

happen or be true.

• INDICATIVE=certainty/objectivity (present, preterite,

imperfect, future, conditional, compound tenses)

• SUBJUNCTIVE=possibiliby/subjectivity


Examples of the subjunctive being used in English: 1) The doctor recommends that she drink 4 glasses of water a day.Normally, the conjugation is "She drinks"; but the Subjunctive form drops the "s".

2) The State requires that you be 18 years old to buy cigarettes. Normally, the conjugation is "you are".

3) "If I were King, I would eat Ben & Jerry's ice cream daily." Normally, the conjugation is "I was“

The basics of subjunctive

• Must have a subjunctive TRIGGER (i.e. verb or expression of wishing wanting/will or influence, emotion, doubt)

• Sentence has 2 clauses (part of sentence w/ subject & verb). • Each clause has different subject. (subject in the first part of the

sentence cannot be the same as the other subject) • ‘QUE’ connects the two parts• 1st verb in present indicative• 2nd verb in SUBJUNCTIVE


Los profesores quieren que los estudiantes escriban apuntes.

Yo espero que los Patriotas ganen el Super Tazón.

TRIGGERS OF SUBJUNCTIVE

• The subjunctive (el subjuntivo) is used mainly in multiple clause sentences which express will, influence, emotion, doubt, or denial.

Yo recomiendo que tú hagas más ejercicio.

Ellos están contentos de que sea viernes.

Tú dudas que ella conozca a Tom Brady.

No es cierto que nosotros descansemos mucho.



How to form present subjunctive1) Take the ‘yo’ form present

2) Drop the –o

3) Add opposite endings

If –ar verb, add:

-e -emos

-es, -éis

-e -en

Ir –er/-ir verb, add:

-a -amos

-as -áis

-a -an


• Verbs with irregular yo forms show that same irregularity throughout the forms of the present subjunctive.


• Verbs that have stem changes in the present indicative have the same changes in the present subjunctive. Only –ir verbs undergo stem changes in the nosotros & vosotros forms.


Verbs that end in –car, –gar, and –zar undergo spelling changes in the present subjunctive.

****The present subjunctive form of hay is haya.

Ella espera que haya una solución.

She hopes there is a solution.

sacar: saque, saques, saque, saquemos, etc.

jugar: juegue, juegues, juegue, etc.

almorzar: almuerce, almuerces, almuerce, etc.


• Only a handful of completely irregular verbs in subjunctive. Same as FORMAL COMMANDS

Práctica

Completa con el subjuntivo

1. Ella quiere que yo _____________________(hablar) más.

2. Ellos desean que tú_______________________ (decir) la verdad.

3. Yo mando que nosotros______________________(salir) a tiempo.

4. Los padres insisten en que los hijos no ________________________(ir) lejos.

5. Esperamos que ella_________________________(saber) cómo llegar.

6. La profesora quiere que los estudiantes____________________ (hacer) la tarea.

7. Ud. prefiere que nosotros_______________________(leer) más.

8. Recomiendo que el hombre___________________(estar) aquí antes de las 8.

9. Yo propongo que tú _______________________(escribir) los apuntes.

10. Quieren que yo ______________________________(explicar) la respuesta.



Verbs of will & influence/WISHING WANTING VERBS• A clause is a group of words that contains both a

conjugated verb and a subject (expressed or implied).


• When the subject of the main clause of a sentence exerts influence or will on the subject of the 2ND (subordinate) clause, the verb in the 2nd (subordinate) clause must be in the subjunctive.

1st CLAUSE CONNECTOR 2nd/SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

Yo quiero que tú vayas al médico.


The verbs & expressions below of WISHING/WANTING or Will & Influence will TRIGGER the need for subjunctive in the 2nd clause.


Necesito que consigas estas pastillas en la farmacia.

El médico siempre me recomienda que deje de fumar.

I need you to get these pills at the pharmacy.

The doctor always recommends that I quit smoking.

Insisto en que vayas a la sala de emergencias.

Se oponen a que salgas si estás enfermo.

I insist that you go to the emergency room.

They object to your going out if you’re sick.

Examples of sentences with Verbs of Will & Influence and the subjunctive.


• If there is no change of subject in the sentence, then the 2nd verb will be in the INFINITIVE.

Quiero ir a Bogotá en junio. Prefiero que vayas en agosto.

I want to go to Bogota in June. I prefer that you go in August.

*In order for subjunctive to be used, the subject in the 2nd clause must be different from subject in 1st clause.


Verbs of emotion• When the main clause expresses an emotion

like hope, fear, joy, pity, or surprise, the verb in the subordinate (2nd) clause must be in the subjunctive if its subject is different from that of the main clause.

Me alegro de que te recuperes pronto.

Tus padres tienen miedo de que necesites una operación.

I’m happy that you recover quickly. Your parents are afraid that you you need an operation.



The subjunctive is also used with expressions of emotion that begin with ¡Qué…! (What a…!/It’s so…!)

The expression ojalá (I hope; I wish) is always followed by the subjunctive. The use of que with ojalá is optional.

¡Qué pena que él no vaya! What a shame he’s not going!

Ojalá (que) no llueva.I hope it doesn’t rain.

Ojalá (que) no te enfermes.I hope you don’t get sick.


• The infinitive, not the subjunctive, is used with verbs and expressions of emotion if there is no change of subject in the sentence.

No me gusta llegar tarde. Es mejor que lo hagas ahora.

I don’t like to be late. It’s better that you do it now.


Verbs of doubt or denial• When the main clause implies doubt,

uncertainty, or denial, the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the subjunctive if its subject is different from that of the main clause.

No cree que él nos quiera engañar.

Dudan que eso sea un buen tratamiento.

She doesn’t believe that he wants to deceive us.

They doubt that would be a good treatment.



The subjunctive is also used after quizá(s) and tal vez (maybe; perhaps) when they signal uncertainty, even if there is no change of subject in the sentence.

Quizás vengan a la fiesta.

Maybe they’ll come to the party.


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The indicative is used to express actions, states, or facts the speaker considers to be certain.

The subjunctive expresses the speaker’s attitude toward events, as well as actions or states that the speaker views as uncertain.

Education

Subjunctive el subjuntivo ppt