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@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www ISSN No: 245 Inte R Study on utilization of fl Abdula Zain Ul Aabideen D Student, Al-Falah Universit Faridabad, Haryana, India ABSTRACT Asphalt also known as bitumen, is a stic highly viscous liquid or semi-solid tha most crude petroleum’s and in some na it is a substance classed as a pitch. The p asphalt is in road construction, where it glue or binder mixed with aggregate par asphalt concrete. Its other main u bituminous waterproofing product production of roofing felt and for seal The terms asphalt and bitumen are interchangeably to mean both manufactured forms of the substance. English, asphalt (or asphalt cement) is refined residue from the distillation selected crude oils. Fig 1.1: Sample Picture of Bitumen w.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 56 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volum ernational Journal of Trend in Sc Research and Development (IJT International Open Access Journ ly Ash in Bitumen and in Flexi Dar ty, a Mohd Zeesha Assistant Professor, Al- Faridabad, Hary cky, black and at is present in atural deposits, primary use of t is used as the rticles to create uses are for ts, including ling flat roofs. e often used natural and . In American s the carefully n process of n/Asphalt. Fly ash is one of the residues and consists of the fine particl gases. It is a waste material land. In India, 95 million tons every year which has occupie acres of land. Coal requireme ash estimated for the year 203 million tons and 600 mil (MOST-2010). From the abov there is huge amount of unus be disposed of each year. High of using waste material in l effect on pavement perfor technically, economically satisfactory. Fly ash has suc filler for bitumen mixes for a advantage of increasing the mixes to moisture damage. In fly ash was reported to have bitumen extender. Fly ash wa replaced by stone dust at dif 50% and 100%) and prepared different percentage of binder properties and can therefore b higher strength and durabili pavement substructure specific layer material. The stabilizat achieved by adding either materials. Stabilization of f industrial by-products is also researchers’ attention now economic as well as environ achieved when bulk amount along with other potential was r 2018 Page: 723 me - 2 | Issue 3 cientific TSRD) nal ible Pavements an Khan -Falah University, yana, India s formed in combustion les that rise with the flue and is dumped on the s of fly ash is generated ed approximately 65,000 ent and generation of fly 31-2032 is around 1,800 llion tons respectively ve figures, it is clear that sed fly ash which has to hway industry is capable large quantities if their rmance proves to be and environmentally ccessfully been used as a long time and has the resistance of bitumen addition to filling voids, the ability to work as a as used as filler material fferent percentage (0%, d Marshall Sample with r. Fly ash has pozzolanic be stabilized to achieve ity required for use as cally as sub-base or base tion of fly ash can be cement, lime or other fly ash with available possible and is gaining a day. Considerable nmental benefits can be t of fly ash is utilized ste materials.

Study on utilization of fly Ash in Bitumen and in Flexible Pavements

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The basis of the thesis was to find out the change in the physical properties of the bitumen by modifying it with fly ash. Different percentage of fly ash was used to modify the bitumen. Various physical tests were conducted on virgin and modified bitumen to evaluate its physical properties. Marshall Test was conducted on bituminous mix prepared using modified and unmodified bitumen and the results were analyzed and compared.The study indicated that increase in the percentage of fly ash improves the physical properties of virgin bitumen. Further it also indicated that increase in the percentage of fly ash improves Marshall Stability and flow values in the bituminous mix.The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of fly ash as a filler replacement on the mechanical properties of asphaltaggregate mixtures. Utilization of fly ash, which is the by product of coal fired power generation, is of great importance from an environmental and economical point of view. In this study, a dense bituminous mixture composed of calcareous aggregate was selected as the reference mixture. It was observed that there was a definite increase in Marshall Stability and decrease in flow values, especially when calcareous filler was replaced by Soma type fly ash, which was one of the three types of fly ashes used. The mechanical properties, namely elastic strain, elastic modulus, and permanent strain, of the asphalt mixtures were determined by carrying out fatigue tests with a UMATTA tester for three types of fly ashes, portland cement, lime, and control specimens. The changes in mechanical properties are important in the sense that they affect the behavior of asphalt concrete pavement under applied loads. This mechanism can be explained basically by bitumen extension. The fatigue life of fly ash specimens, especially Soma fly ash, was found to be considerably higher than that of calcareous filler specimens. Based on this study, it is demonstrated that fly ash can be used effectively in a dense graded wearing course as a filler replacement. Abdula Zain Ul Aabideen Dar | Mohd Zeeshan Khan "Study on utilization of fly Ash in Bitumen and in Flexible Pavements" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11056.pdf Paper URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/11056/study-on-utilization-of-fly-ash-in-bitumen-and-in-flexible-pavements/abdula-zain-ul-aabideen-dar

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Page 1: Study on utilization of fly Ash in Bitumen and in Flexible Pavements

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com

ISSN No: 2456

InternationalResearch

Study on utilization of fly Ash in Bitumen and in Flexible Pavements

Abdula Zain Ul Aabideen DarStudent, Al-Falah University

Faridabad, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT

Asphalt also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid that is present in most crude petroleum’s and in some natural deposits, it is a substance classed as a pitch. The primary use of asphalt is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs. The terms asphalt and bitumen are interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance. In American English, asphalt (or asphalt cement) is the carefully refined residue from the distillation process of selected crude oils.

Fig 1.1: Sample Picture of Bitumen/Asphalt.

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2018

ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

International Open Access Journal

Study on utilization of fly Ash in Bitumen and in Flexible Pavements

Abdula Zain Ul Aabideen Dar Falah University,

, India

Mohd Zeeshan KhanAssistant Professor, Al-

Faridabad, Haryana

Asphalt also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black and solid that is present in

most crude petroleum’s and in some natural deposits, it is a substance classed as a pitch. The primary use of

e it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs. The terms asphalt and bitumen are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance. In American English, asphalt (or asphalt cement) is the carefully refined residue from the distillation process of

itumen/Asphalt.

Fly ash is one of the residues formed in combustion and consists of the fine particles that rise with the flue gases. It is a waste material and is dumped on the land. In India, 95 million tons of fly ash is generated every year which has occupied approximately 65,000 acres of land. Coal requirement and generation of fly ash estimated for the year 2031million tons and 600 million tons respectively (MOST-2010). From the above figures, it is clear that there is huge amount of unused fly ash which has to be disposed of each year. Highway industry is capable of using waste material in large quantities if their effect on pavement performance proves to be technically, economically and environmentally satisfactory. Fly ash has successfully been used as filler for bitumen mixes for a long time and has the advantage of increasing the resistance of bitumen mixes to moisture damage. In addition to filling voids, fly ash was reported to have the ability to work as a bitumen extender. Fly ash was used as filler material replaced by stone dust at different percentage (0%, 50% and 100%) and prepared Marshall Sample with different percentage of binder. Fly ash has pozzolanic properties and can therefore be stabilized to achieve higher strength and durability required for use as pavement substructure specifically as sublayer material. The stabilization of fly ash can be achieved by adding either cement, lime or other materials. Stabilization of fly ash with available industrial by-products is also possible and is gaining researchers’ attention now a day. Considerable economic as well as environmental benefits can be achieved when bulk amount of fly ash is utilized along with other potential waste materials.

Apr 2018 Page: 723

6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 3

Scientific (IJTSRD)

International Open Access Journal

Study on utilization of fly Ash in Bitumen and in Flexible Pavements

Mohd Zeeshan Khan -Falah University,

Faridabad, Haryana, India

Fly ash is one of the residues formed in combustion and consists of the fine particles that rise with the flue gases. It is a waste material and is dumped on the land. In India, 95 million tons of fly ash is generated

occupied approximately 65,000 acres of land. Coal requirement and generation of fly ash estimated for the year 2031-2032 is around 1,800 million tons and 600 million tons respectively

2010). From the above figures, it is clear that unt of unused fly ash which has to

be disposed of each year. Highway industry is capable of using waste material in large quantities if their effect on pavement performance proves to be technically, economically and environmentally

s successfully been used as filler for bitumen mixes for a long time and has the advantage of increasing the resistance of bitumen mixes to moisture damage. In addition to filling voids, fly ash was reported to have the ability to work as a

r. Fly ash was used as filler material replaced by stone dust at different percentage (0%, 50% and 100%) and prepared Marshall Sample with different percentage of binder. Fly ash has pozzolanic properties and can therefore be stabilized to achieve

trength and durability required for use as pavement substructure specifically as sub-base or base layer material. The stabilization of fly ash can be achieved by adding either cement, lime or other materials. Stabilization of fly ash with available

products is also possible and is gaining researchers’ attention now a day. Considerable economic as well as environmental benefits can be achieved when bulk amount of fly ash is utilized along with other potential waste materials.

Page 2: Study on utilization of fly Ash in Bitumen and in Flexible Pavements

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2018 Page: 724

With the changing life style among different classes of the society, road network has become one of the essential backbones for the movement from place to place as it provides a good access for the commuters to travel to their desired place. Road network has been adopted long ago by the people when other modes of transport were not even invented. Road transportation is the mode that has expanded the most over the last 50 years, both for passengers and freight transportation.

In road network majority of the roads constructed consists of flexible pavement. Flexible pavement generally comprises of four layers:

(I) Soil sub grade

(II) Sub base course

(III) Base course

(IV) Surface course

Objectives of the study

The primary objectives of the present study are:

To evaluate the properties of bitumen having different percentages of fly ash as admixture.

To compare the performance of modified bitumen with fly ash as an admixture with that of the virgin bitumen through laboratory investigation.

Scope of the study

To meet the above objectives, the scope of the project will be formulated as follows:

Material Characterization i.e. evaluating physical properties of virgin binder of viscosity grading (VG 30).

To find out various Marshall characteristics (like stability, flow, air voids) of bituminous mix prepared from both virgin and modified bitumen.

LABORATORY INVESTIGATION

Penetration test analysis:

The results of penetration test using fly ash as a modifier to the bitumen was carried out at 25oC. Table below shows the penetration values of virgin and modified bitumen. The penetration values of modified bitumen at 25oC were found decreasing significantly as fly ash content increases.

Ductility test analysis

The ductility tests were carried out at virgin as well as modified bitumen at room temperature (i.e. at 25oC). The values evaluated showed that the ductility values decreased leading to allow the bitumen to get stiffer. The ductility test evaluated is given in table below.

Specific gravity test

The weight of bitumen taken for the test was 40gm for three samples for both modified and virgin bitumen. The test was carried keeping constant room temperature. The specific gravity evaluated is given in table below.

Properties of modified and unmodified bitumen

Test Modified Bitumen Unmodified

Bitumen 4% Fly ash 6% Fly ash 8% Fly ash Penetration Test 45.2 mm 38.5 mm 31.6 mm 63.5 mm

Ductility 48 cm 40.5 cm 37.8 cm 100+ Specific Gravity 1.08 1.09 1.1 1.04

Observations evaluated from Marshall Test

Determination of data obtained from Marshall Test using virgin Bitumen: Marshall Characteristics of a mix using virgin bitumen

Bitumen content (%)

Unit density (Gm)

Air Void (%) (Vv)

VFB (%)

Stability (Kg)

Flow (mm)

4.5 2.292 4.8 79.66 27.88 6

5 2.297 4.0 82.37 44.2 8.6

5.5 2.89 3.7 83.40 39.44 10.8

Page 3: Study on utilization of fly Ash in Bitumen and in Flexible Pavements

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2018 Page: 725

Marshall Stability value

Marshall Flow value

Unit density of bituminous mix

Page 4: Study on utilization of fly Ash in Bitumen and in Flexible Pavements

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2018 Page: 726

Percentage Air voids in bituminous mix

Percent Voids filled with bitumen in mix

The optimum bitumen content value for stability calculated came out to at 5.1% bitumen.

Marshall Characteristics of a mix using modified bitumen

Bitumen content (%)

Fly Ash Content (%)

Unit density (Gm)

Air Void (%) (Vv)

VFB (%)

Stability (Kg)

Flow (mm)

4.5 4 2.31 11.8 58.74 55.9 6

4.5 6 2.286 12.9 55.972 69.3 6.6

4.5 8 2.267 13.5 55 76.1 7.8

5 4 2.41 7.7 68.95 60.52 4.4

5 6 2.40 8.0 68.25 70.72 5.4

5 8 2.36 9.2 64.48 74.8 6.1

5.5 4 2.35 9.3 65.05 70.72 3.25

5.5 6 2.33 9.7 63.26 75.82 4.2

5.5 8 2.295 11.3 58.91 78.20 6.1

Page 5: Study on utilization of fly Ash in Bitumen and in Flexible Pavements

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2018 Page: 727

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

Conclusions

Based on the results of the experimental investigations conducted on normal and modified bitumen using fly ash in different quantities to modify virgin bitumen, the following summaries have been drawn:

Modified bitumen by using different percentage of fly ash shows less penetration value thus low grade bitumen can be modified to withstand higher loads.

The ductility values decreased with increase in percentage of fly ash as the fly ash caused the bitumen to become stiffer.

From Marshall Stability test, the stability values were found to be increased as the fly ash content increased. Fly ash tends to fill more voids between aggregate grains. Thus mix will continue to gain strength thus leading to increase in stability of the bituminous mix.

The Marshall Flow value increases with increase in the percentage of fly ash in binder. This indicates improvements in the resistance to permanent deformation of bituminous mixes with addition of fly ash.

The density of bituminous mixes prepared with using modified binder decrease as the fly ash content in bitumen increase.

Future scope

Evaluation of Indirect tensile strength of mixes prepared from modified binder using fly ash.

Evaluation of fatigue performance of bituminous mixes prepared with modified bitumen by using different percentage of fly ash.

Find out the relative rutting characteristics of different bituminous mixes by using Static Indentation Test at 60oC.