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steam turbine NTPC seepat bilaspur chhattisgarh
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A PRESENTATION ONpresented BY :-
Pratik gupta (eee 5TH SEM )
DR. C.V. RAMAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY
Steam turbine
What exactly is the turbine?
Turbine is an engine that converts energy of fluid into mechanical energy
The steam turbine is steam driven rotary engine.
Principle of steam turbine:The steam energy is converted mechanical
work by expansion through the turbine.Expansion takes place through a series of
fixed blades(nozzles) and moving blades. In each row fixed blade and moving blade
are called stage.
WORK IN A TURBINE VISUALIZED
6
Steam turbine:
• Widely used in CHP(combined heat and power) applications.
• Oldest prime mover technology
• Capacities: 50 kW to hundreds of MWs
• Thermodynamic cycle is the “Rankin cycle” that uses a boiler
• Most common types• Back pressure steam turbine• Extraction condensing steam turbine
Steam Turbine System:
7
• Steam exits the turbine at a higher pressure that the atmospheric
Back Pressure Steam Turbine
Fuel
Figure: Back pressure steam turbine
Advantages:-Simple configuration-Low capital cost-Low need of cooling water -High total efficiency
Disadvantages:-Larger steam turbine
Boiler Turbine
Process
HP Steam
Condensate LP Steam
Steam turbine:
8
• Steam obtained by extraction from an intermediate stage
• Remaining steam is exhausted
• Relatively high capital cost, lower total efficiency
Extraction Condensing Steam Turbine
Boiler Turbine
Process
HP Steam
LP SteamCondensate
Condenser
Fuel
Figure: Extraction condensing steam turbine
Steam turbine:
steam turbine and blades
STEAM TURBINE 500 MW
Generator rated speed 3000 rpm Generator manufacturer BHEL No. of bleedings 6 No. of bearings 7 No. of stages
HPT 17 (All Reaction) IPT 12x2 ( All Reaction) LPT 6x2 (All Reaction) Total 53
Inlet Steam Pr: 166 ksc Inlet Steam Temp: 540 Deg C
STEAM TURBINE 600 MW
Generator rated speed 3000 rpm Generator manufacturer Electrosila No. of bleedings 8 Length of the turbine 36.362 m No. of stages
HPT 17 ( 1st Impulse & rest Reaction) IPT 11x2 ( All impulse) LPT-1 5x2 ( All impulse) LPT-2 5x2 ( All impulse) Total 59
Inlet Steam Pr: 247 Ksc Inlet Steam Temp: 537 Deg C
Types of steam turbine:There are two main types 1. Impulse steam turbine2. Reaction steam turbine
Impulse steam turbine:The basic idea of an impulse turbine is
that a jet of steam from a fixed nozzle pushes against the rotor blades and impels them forward.
The velocity of steam is twice as fast as the velocity of blade.
Pressure drops take place in the fixed blade (nozzle).
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PRESSURE-VELOCITY DIAGRAM FORA MOVING IMPULSE BLADE
PES
VELOCITY
PRESSURE
TURBINESHAFT
DIRECTION OF SPIN
ENTRANCEHIGH VELOCITYSTEAM INLET
REPRESENTS MOVINGIMPULSE BLADES
EXITLOW VELOCITY
STEAM EXHAUST
PES 15
IMPULSE TURBINE PRINCIPLE
NOZZLE
STEAMCHEST
ROTOR
Reaction steam turbine:A reaction turbine utilizes a jet of
steam that flows from a nozzle on the rotor.
Actually, the steam is directed into the moving blades by fixed blades designed to expand the steam.
The result is a small increase in velocity over that of the moving blades.
PES 17
PRESSURE-VELOCITY DIAGRAM FORA MOVING REACTION BLADE
TURBINESHAFT
DIRECTION OF SPIN
ENTRANCEHIGH PRESSUREHIGH VELOCITYSTEAM INLET
REPRESENTS MOVINGREACTION BLADES
EXITLOW PRESSURELOW VELOCITY
STEAM EXHAUST
PRESSURE
VELOCITY
18
REACTION TURBINE PRINCIPLE
PES
STEAM CHEST
ROTOR
Schematic diagram:
Problems in steam turbine:Stress corrosion carkingCorrosion fatiguePittingOil lubricationimbalance of the rotor can lead
to vibration misalignmentThermal fatigue
Thank you