2. O In 1521, Spaniards came to Philippines and brought
European influence which marked the beginning of the cultivation of
music as a fine art in the Philippines. O Educational Decree of
1863, which provided for the establishment of separate parochial
schools for boys and girls was promulgated. O Kastilang Pilipino,
the decree provided for formal education for teachers where vocal
music was one of the subjects to be taught. O Sacred music was
given importance because Christianity was the main goal of Spanish
Colonization. O Passion song was the events leading to the death of
Jesus Christ which became very popular among the people. O Fray
Geronimo de Aguilar held the distinction of being the first Spanish
priest to teach music in the Philippines.
3. CHARACTERISTICS O More conservative style of sacred music. O
Minor key at the beginning shifts to a major key in the 2nd-half
Kundiman. O Canto Ilocano, monophonic unmeasured style notated
utilizing note shapes diferrent from the neumes of Gregorian chant
(composition of the Kirial). O Canto de Oregano, simple polyphonic
settings in to two or more vocal portraying. O Religiosity and
Musicality salvation of self- expression
4. 1. Tagulaylay - a melody depicting grief. - comes from the
words taghoy (lament) and alalay (sustain). - sung in monotone.
Lamentation the counterpart of tagulaylay which is sung in two
voices of thirds and sixths
5. 2. Palimos - a song of the blind asking for alms or in
short, a song for begging. 3. Kumintang - the oldest and most
popular song among Christian Filipinos. - it was a war song, then
later became a plaintive song. - it is a nocturnal song sung to the
accompaniment of violin or guitar. - it originated in Balayan,
Batangas ( province of Kumintang)
6. The kumintang is the name given to several distinct styles,
techniques and forms in music and dance originating in the areas
used by early Spanish cartographers and chronicles to denote a
large province centering around what is known as Batangas. Early
19th-century travelers' accounts often mention the kumintang as a
Tagalog "chant national", describing them as dance-songs performed
by pairs of men and women, with texts concerning love and
courtship.
7. According to Retana, there are three kinds of Kumintang : 1.
Kumintang of the conquest music of pristine beauty, coquettish and
romantic 2. Kumintang of the Balayan tagalog bridal song 3.
Kumintang with which Awits are (narrative song) are accompanied.
Examples: La Tagala -Jose Estella Amihan -Antonio Molina Auras del
Terruno -Juan Hernandez Pagdilidili -Lucino Sacramento
8. 4. Awit - A recitative written time and in minor key. - it
is set freely to verses about a Philippine legendary hero or to a
heroic poem also called awit Examples: Awit F. Santiago Ang Ulila
Antonio Molina Batingaw na Pilak Antonio Molina Recuerdo de
Filipinas y Sus Cantares - Diego Perez
9. 5. Balitaw - is a visayan folk song, derived form Malayan
word berita means narration or balita in Tagalog. - it is a dance
and song, the counterpart of kundiman. - according to Banas,
balitaw is often sung than danced. Two Classes: Balitaw Menor
Visayan love song Balitaw Mayor French slow waltz
10. Balitaw Mayor - derived from the graceful French slow
waltz. a. Visayan balitaw counterpart of the Tagalog kundiman. It
is lively and possess more syncopation. Ex. Sa Kabukiran Manuel
Velez b. Tagalog balitaw humorous melody and lively as European
waltz. Ex. Paru-parong bukid Tinikling Inday sa Blitaw - the
original balitaw
11. Balitaw Menor/ Dansa Menor/ Pangharana - a dance piece
composed in the minor key. - traditionally it is the Philippine
Serenade or Pananapatan in 2/4 time. - it is called Dansa Pilipino.
Examples: Hating Gabi Antonio Molina Sampaguita - Dolores Paterno
Ay, Ay, Kalisud Visayan Folksong Bukang Liwayway Antonio Molina Ti
Ayat Ti Maysa Nga Ubing Ilocano Folksong
12. Sampaguita - Dolores Paterno Hating Gabi Antonio
Molina
13. 6. Kundiman - comes from the words kung hindi man. -
derived from the lively Spanish bolero a typical waltz. Abdon
Bonifacio is the Father of Modern Kundiman Nicanor Abelardo
Francisco Santiago wrote immortal kundimans Antonio Molina
14. Abdon Bonifacio Kundiman Francisco Santiago Kundiman
15. Coffee is served before the duplo begins. a judge (referee)
uses a slipper called palmatorya with which he beats the palm of
the loser. Sometimes, the loser is asked to recite a long piece of
prayer for the soul of the departed. Duplo - the beginning of the
present Balagtasan - an impromptu competition in reciting a poem, a
sort of entertainment to console the relatives of the deceased
Participants: Duplero boy bilyako on the actual Duplera girl
bilyaka duplo
16. There are 175 folk dances in the Philippines in which Jose
Rizal was all praise for these. Filipinos enjoyed European dances
like the: (next slides)
17. LA CUCARACHA
18. FANDANGO
19. SAPATEDO
20. TANGO
21. RIGODON
22. These dances reflect almost all facets of the peoples lives
such as: Religious Occupational Entertainment Recreational
Courtship Marriage Baptism War
23. Best exports of the Philippines and propagandize of the
countrys vast reservoir of inalienable heritage: Bayanihan Dance
Troupe Barangay Dance Troupe
24. The well-known choreographer of the world famous Bayanihan
Dance Troupe, Philippine indigeneous music can be divided into
three distinct groups: 1. Rondalla 2. Instruments of the Muslims 3.
Instruments of the mountain region tribes Lucrecia Urtula
25. First group (the Rondalla) - best known Philippine
instrument groupings which exemplifies Spanish influence in the
music and dance of the lowland, Christian rice-growing Filipino -
it is a string band consisting of plucked instruments as the
guitar, banduria, octavina, laud, and banjo.
26. Second group ( the instruments of the Muslim Filipinos) -
basically an assortment of the brass instruments like the gansa and
the kulintangan. Thrid group ( the instruments of the mountain
region tribes) - includes gong, flute and drums
27. O The Ilocanos had songs and recitations. O Visayas had the
corrido and the awit. O Pampanga had poetry recitations. O During
Holy Week, there were cenaculos and passion plays. O The most
popular vernacular presentations were the moro-moro and the
carillo.
28. Tondo Theatre was erected mainly to stage Tagalog plays in
1841. Spanish dramas were acted also there. Teatro Castellano
better known as Teatro de Binondo was built by Engineer Jose Bosch
for Manuel Ponce de Leon of where a variety of songs and plays are
exhibited. Teatro Comico in Manila Wenceslao Retana y Gamboa
mentioned the existence of these theatre in 1790.
29. Arroceros Theatre - near the Mehan garden presented Tagalog
plays according to Juan Atayde. Casino in Intramuros here, evening
parits were held by social gatherings particularly the Recreational
Society.
30. CENACULOS
31. PASSION PLAYS
32. Performances were held in vacant lots or fields. During
celebrations such as town fiestas, performers used provisional
stage of nipa and bamboo. Later, theatre bodegas, as those seen
over cockpits appeared.
33. In 1841, Tondo Theatre was erected mainly to stage tagalog
plays. Teatro Castellano or Teatro de Binondo was built by Jose
Bosch. In 1790, Teatro Comico de Manila was mentioned by Wenceslao
Retana Y Gamboa Social gatherings were held at the Casino in
Intramuros by the Sociedad de Recreo. There were dancing, singing
and instrumental performances. THEATERS
34. Moro-moro Depicts the battle between the Christians and the
Muslims and the adaptations of the legends about knight- errant and
princesses. It was one of the most popular theatrical presentations
during the Spanish time.
35. Carillo A shadow play using puppets made from cardboard.
The play was skillfully manipulated by a narrator behind the
screen. Themes were derived from the libretto from Don Quixote,
Buhay ng Mahal na Panginoong Hesuskristo (Life of the Beloved Jesus
Christ), and Don Juan Tenorio.
36. Zarzuela The name La Zarzuela evolved from Zarza, the
common bramble on European blackberry bush. It was originally a
hunting lodge built by the Infante Don Fernando in the royal domain
of the Pardo near Madrid. Piece of entertainment with improvised
plots that used in comic, tragic, fantastic,, melodramatic or a
combination of all. Later, these Fiestas de Zarzuelas were simply
called Zarzuela that involves singing and dancing in it. It has no
definite form. Singing was free and imaginative. Audience swapped
comments with the artists called Piscatory Eclogue.
37. Piscatory Eclogue is preceded by loa and mojiganga. Loa -
Is a prologue, spoken by two of more actors. Mojiganga -a popular
festival and carnival time, a sort of burlesque masquerade
accompanied by flute, castanets and side drums. After middle of the
17th century the mojiganga was replaced by the Fin de fiesta. The
best zarzuelistas are from Pampanga
38. O The pride of the town of Las Pinas, Rizal. O Father Diego
Cera dela Virgen del Carmen - the man who conceived the idea of
building the bamboo organ. In making the bamboo organ; O cut 902
pieces of bamboo poles O 121 pipes of tin plates O Constructed the
keyboard, pedals, stops and bellows to supply air. 1816-1824 8
years the organ was done. Overall dimensions of the organ; O 5.17
meters hihg O 4.17 meters wide O 1.45 meters deep O 121 horizontal
pipes O 832 vertical bamboo tubes O 23 stops O 51 notes is the
range of keyboard Bamboo Organ of Las Pias
39. O The organ has undergone repairs in the years 1863, 1872,
1880, 1891, 1909,1917, 1962, and 1967. O Hans Gerd Klais in Bonn -
famous German organ builder. Early musicians: O Marcelo Adonay
initiator and first director of church orchestra. O Fr. Ignacio de
Jesus wrote choir books for the St. Augustin convent. O Juan
Bolivar celebrated chanter who mastered the harp, organ, fiddle,
and flute. O Father Marcelo- an organist and voice teacher. O
Father Lorenzo Castillo composed two volumes of classical
masses.
