Solar Energy(India)

ByKazim Marfatiya

What is solar energy?

• It is the radiation from the sun that is capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity.

• The Sun daily provides about 10,000 times more energy to the Earth than we consume.

• The earth receives 174 petawatts [1015 watts] of solar radiations from the sun.

• The total energy absorbed by earth’s atmosphere, oceans, land mass is 3,850,000 exajoules [1018 joules] per year.

• The energy reaching earth’s atmosphere consists of about 8% UV radiation, 46% visible light, 46% infrared radiations.

Why Solar Energy ?

• Solar energy is the most readily available source of energy.• It is free. • It is also the most important of the non-conventional sources

of energy because it is non-polluting. • It is a renewable source of energy.

What is a Photovoltaic Cell?

Photovoltaic cell also called solar cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.

Solar Cell (PV)

Light Electricity

Photovoltaic effect

• Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy that contain various amounts of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum.

• The electrons present in the valence band absorb energy and, being excited, jump to the conduction band and become free.

• These highly excited electrons are accelerated into a different material by a built-in potential.

• This generates an electromotive force, and thus some of the light energy is converted into electric energy.

Concentrated Solar Power

Concentrated solar power is not a type of energy that can be installed on top of one’s home or building. It requires the use of many mirrors across a broad expanse of land that focuses the power of the Sun on a fixed tower. The tower contains salt that is heated by the concentrated sunlight where it functions similar to a battery to store heat and generate steam after the Sun sets. The design can also be altered so that parabolic trough-shaped mirrors can concentrate sunlight onto a tube containing fluid, generating steam and then electricity.

India’s Solar Resources State MWp %Gujarat 654.8 49.90Rajasthan 510.25 38.89

Madhya Pradesh 132.0 9.15

Andhra Pradesh 41.75 3.18

Maharashtra 20.0 1.38

Tamil Nadu 15.0 1.14

Odisha 13.0 0.99Uttar Pradesh 12.0 0.91

Karnataka 9.0 0.69

Punjab 9.0 0.69

India’s solar capacity is rising, but a long way to go

India needs a stronger, more diverse electricity system (Electricity Capacity, as at Jan’2013)

Power Generation in India

CoalRenewablesHydroNuclearDieselGas

1. 51 Solar Radiation Resource Assessment stations have been installed across India by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE) to monitor the availability of solar energy.

2. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy provides 70 percent subsidy on the installation cost of a solar photovoltaic power plant in North-East states and 30 percentage subsidy on other regions.

3. the government has announced an allocation of 10 billion towards the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission(JNNSM) and the establishment of a clean energy fund the-East states and 30 percentage subsidy on other regions

Role of Government

Application

• Agriculture and horticulture

• Water treatment

• Cooking

• Rural electrification

• Solar lamps and lightning

• Solar Vehicles

• Electrical Generation

SOLAR ENERGY PROS

• Solar panels give off no pollution

• Solar energy produces electricity very quietly.

• It has the ability to harness electricity in remote locations that

are not linked to a national grid.

• Very efficient in large areas of the globe.

• Solar panels can be installed on top of many rooftops

• It is affordable in the long run.

• The use of solar energy to produce electricity allows the user

to become less dependent on the worlds fossil fuel supplies.

SOLAR ENERGY CONS

• The major con of solar energy is the initial cost of solar cells. • Solar energy is only able to generate electricity during daylight

hours. This means for around half of each day, solar panels are not producing energy for your home.

• The weather can affect the efficiency of solar cells.

• Pollution can be a con of solar energy, as pollution levels can affect a solar cells efficiency, this would be a major con for businesses or industry wishing to install solar panels in heavily polluted areas, such as cities.

Conclusion

• The key to successful solar energy installation is to use quality components that have long lifetimes and require minimal maintenance.

• The future is bright for continued PV technology dissemination.

• PV technology fills a significant need in supplying electricity, creating local jobs and promoting economic development in rural areas, avoiding the external environmental costs associated with traditional electrical generation technologies

Thank You