Soil Information System of Taiwan Soils and Its Applications by Horng-Yuh Guo and Zueng-Sang Chen

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Soil Information System of Taiwan Soils and

Its Applications

Horng-Yuh GUO and Zueng-Sang CHEN*

Division of Agricultural Chemistry, Taiwan Agricultural Research InstituteCouncil of Agriculture, Taichung, Taiwan

and Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University

Taipei, Taiwan

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Taiwanis located at the convergent boundary between the Philippine Sea plate and the continental margin of the Eurasian plate.

Philippine Sea plate

Eurasian plate

3

N

Taiwan is an island located about 150 km off the southeast coast of mainland China. It covers 36,000 km2 in area with more than 200 peaks over 3,000 m in altitude.

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III

III

V

III

III

I

II

III V

The landscape decreases westward and eastward in altitude from the north-south trending ridge.

IV

IV

The active tectonics of Taiwan results in five geologic provinces.

I : Coastal PlainII : Western FoothillsIII : Central RangeIV : Longitudinal ValleyV : Coastal Range

1999 Chichi Earthquake

1991 HualianEarthquake

Central Range

EWCoastal Range

The Philippine Sea plate subducts beneath the Eurasian plate offshore eastern Taiwan, and overrides the South China Sea floor of the Eurasian plate south of Taiwan

Taiwan has experienced oblique arc-continent collision since about 5 Ma, and is still active.

8 (before the earthquake in Sep 21, 1999)

(after the earthquake in Sep 21, 1999)

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Map of Vegetation Types of Taiwan(cited from Taiwan flora)

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Rural soils of Taiwan620 soil series in Taiwan rural soils can be classified as 9 Soil Orders.The major Soil Orders are Inceptisols(51.0%), Alfisols (21.8%), Ultisols(9.6%) and Entisols (6.8%) of total rural soils. Other major Soil Orders are Oxisols(0.3%), Histosols (0.04%) and Vertisols (0.01%) of total rural soils.Soil mapping scale is 1:25,000

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Forest soils in Taiwan9 Soil Orders were classified for the 432 soil series in Taiwan forest soils. The major Soil Order are Inceptisols (44.2%), Entisols (35.3%), Alfisols (10.8%) and Ultisols (7.5%) of total forest soils in Taiwan (Hseu et al., 2008). Each of Andisols and Mollisols occupied as only 1 % of total rural soils (Tsai and Chen, 2011). Other Soil Orders are Spodosols (0.06%), Histosols (0.01%) and Vertisols (0.01%) of total forest soils (Tsai and Chen, 2004). Soil mapping scale is 1:25,000

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Distribution of Major Soil Groups In Taiwan

Soil Map Geology Map

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Entisolsdistributedin recentalluvial soils

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Inceptisols distributed in older alluvial soils

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Ultisols distributed in the terrace

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Terrace deposit

17PK-1 PK-2 PK-3 PK-4 PK-5 PK-6

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Changhua Fault TouliuHill

B?

A

Nantou HillChelungpu

Fault

APakua

Tableland

PK1

PK6PK5

PK4

PK3 PK2

450

400

350

300

Alti

tude

(m)

Distance (km)0 5 10

AA

N

Choshui river

Chins

hui ri

ver

B

PK-1 PK-2 PK-3 PK-4 PK-5 PK-6

Field Morphology :

The color of the soils graded from strong brown to yellowish red, which in trend roughly agree with the ascending altitude of terraces.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(Entisols)

(Entisols)

(Entisols)

(Inceptisols)

(Inceptisols)

(Inceptisols)

(Alfisols)

(Spodosols)

(Ultisols)

(Ultisols)

2;3;6

5;6

8;9

9;10

1 4

7

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Distribution of major soil groups in Taiwan Distribution of major soil groups in Taiwan

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Application of Soil Information System (SIS) in Taiwan

Crop production and environmental conservationReasonable fertilizer application and recommendation systemDifferent development projectsLand assessment of low productivitySoil liquefaction assessmentFood safety assessmentLand cover crop assessmentSoil carbon stock assessment

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Soil management Group of county of central Taiwan

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Soil fertility grating in villages of southern Taiwan (1 point=6.25 ha)

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Soil nutrient (K) content in villages of southern Taiwan (1 point=6.25 ha)

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Land cover crops of Tainan city of southern Taiwan

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Prediction the area for producing Cd Ricein whole Taiwan

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Soil liquefaction assessment in central Taiwan

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DistributionofDistributionofZinctotalcontentsZinctotalcontents ininTaiwanTaiwan(totalsampleno.101,209)(totalsampleno.101,209)

0.1N HCl

188,590.86 942,954.30

15.83 79.15

5.85 29.25

825.18 4,125.90

99% 80.33 401.65

0.1N HCl

104,459.75 522,298.75

8.57 42.85

4.77 23.85

332.75 1,663.75

99% 47.93 239.65

0.1NHCl(mg/kg)

0.1NHCl(mg/kg)

0.1NHCl(mg/kg)

0.1NHCl(mg/kg)

130,722

101,209

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Soil Organic carbon Stocksby Using Estimated Bulk Density in the Rural Soils of Taiwan

To mapping the soil carbon stocks of the rural soils (0-150 cm) from legacy data in Taiwan

A pedotransfer function (PTF) was developed based on mean depth (d) of the sample and soil organic carbon (SOC) from 184 samples:

To predict and mapping the SOC stocks from 33,173 soil pedons

Bd = 1.3026 + 0.169 log(d) 0.0256 [ln(SOC)]2

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SOCstock(030cm)ofChanghua county

Contour map:SOC stock (kg C m-2)

Post map: location of 9573 soil pedons

175000 180000 185000 190000 195000 200000 205000 210000 215000

2635000

2640000

2645000

2650000

2655000

2660000

2665000

2670000

0

3

6

9

12

175000 180000 185000 190000 195000 200000 205000 210000 215000

2635000

2640000

2645000

2650000

2655000

2660000

2665000

2670000

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SOCstock(3060cm) oftheChanghua county



175000 180000 185000 190000 195000 200000 205000 210000 215000

2635000

2640000

2645000

2650000

2655000

2660000

2665000

2670000

0

3

6

9

12

175000 180000 185000 190000 195000 200000 205000 210000 215000

2635000

2640000

2645000

2650000

2655000

2660000

2665000

2670000

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SOCstock(0150cm) oftheChanghua county



175000 180000 185000 190000 195000 200000 205000 210000 215000

2635000

2640000

2645000

2650000

2655000

2660000

2665000

2670000

0

15

30

45

175000 180000 185000 190000 195000 200000 205000 210000 215000

2635000

2640000

2645000

2650000

2655000

2660000

2665000

2670000

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SOCstock(030cm) oftheTaoyuan county


Post map: location of 9,818 soil pedons

250000 255000 260000 265000 270000 275000 280000 285000 290000

2745000

2750000

2755000

2760000

2765000

2770000

2775000

0

3

6

9

12

250000 255000 260000 265000 270000 275000 280000 285000 290000

2745000

2750000

2755000

2760000

2765000

2770000

2775000

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SOCstock(030cm) oftheTainancounty


Post map: location of 12,271 soilpedons160000 170000 180000 190000 200000

2535000

2540000

2545000

2550000

2555000

2560000

2565000

2570000

2575000

2580000

2585000

2590000

0

3

6

9

160000 170000 180000 190000 200000

2535000

2540000

2545000

2550000

2555000

2560000

2565000

2570000

2575000

2580000

2585000

2590000

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SOCstock(0150cm) oftheTainancounty


Post map: location of 12,271 soil pedons

160000 170000 180000 190000 200000

2535000

2540000

2545000

2550000

2555000

2560000

2565000

2570000

2575000

2580000

2585000

2590000

0

15

30

45

160000 170000 180000 190000 200000

2535000

2540000

2545000

2550000

2555000

2560000

2565000

2570000

2575000

2580000

2585000

2590000

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Thank you for your attention

and welcome to

TaiwanTaiwan

Soil Information System of Taiwan Soils and Its ApplicationsRural soils of TaiwanForest soils in TaiwanApplication of Soil Information System (SIS) in TaiwanDistribution of Zinc total contents in Taiwan (total sample no. 101,209) Soil Organic carbon StocksSOC stock (0-30 cm) of Changhua countySOC stock (30-60 cm) of the Changhua countySOC stock (0-150 cm) of the Changhua countySOC stock (0-30 cm) of the Taoyuan countySOC stock (0-30 cm) of the Tainan countySOC stock (0-150 cm) of the Tainan county

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Soil Information System of Taiwan Soils and Its Applications by Horng-Yuh Guo and Zueng-Sang Chen