GROUP 2

Almira G. S. Romala 11211144001

Lut Husaini W. H. 11211144003

Ananda Chastalia A. 11211144004

WORDS AND CULTURE

The exact nature of the relationship between language and culture has fas-cinated, and continues to fascinate, people from a wide

variety of backgrounds.

The structure of a language determines the way in which speakers of that language view

the world.

Linguistic relativity hypothesis, Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, or the Whorfian

hypothesis

WHORF

Many kinds of rain in Javanesea. Tlethikb. Trencengc. Gerimisd. Udane. Deres

Example on Whorfian Hypothesis

Hopi verbs do not have concept of time and of speed unlike the European languages. For

example in English ‘He runs fast’, while in Hopi is ‘He very runs’.

Example #2

Responds

Agree

Neutral

Opposing

RESPONDS

The culture of a people finds reflection in the language they employ: because they value

certain things and do them in a certain way, they come to use their language in ways that

reflect what they value and what they do.

Opposing

A third, ‘neutral,’ claim would bethat there is little or no relationship between

language and culture.

Neutral

Language provides a screen or filter to reality; it determines how speakers perceive and organize the world around them, both the

natural world and the social world.

Consequently, the language you speak helps to form your world-view.

Whorfian view

The most valid conclusion concerning the Whorfian hypothesis is that it is still

unproved.

Kinship / k n. p/ ˈ ɪ ʃɪ noun

The fact of being related in a family.

Kinship terminology refers to the various systems used in languages to refer to the persons to whom an individual is related through kinship

Different ethnic groups have different systems of kinship.

Kinship

Kinship terminologies reflect different sets of distinctions.

Most kinship terminologies distinguish between sexes (the difference between a brother and a sister), between generations (the difference between a child and a parent)Moreover, kinship terminologies distinguish between relatives by blood and marriage (although recently some anthropologists have argued that many societies define kinship in terms other than blood).

People use language to classify and categorize various aspects of the world where they live differently with scientists. They often develop their own system called folk taxonomies.

In other way, folk taxonomies is a way of classifying a certain part of reality so that it makes some kind of sense to those who have to deal with it.

A folk taxonomy of disease is something that develops with little or no conscious attention.

Taxonomies

Color is all around but it is not everywhere treated in the same way.

All languages make use of basic color terms.

A basic color term must be a single word, e.g., blue or yellow.NOT some combination of words, e.g., light blue or pale yellow. NOR must it be the obvious sub-division of some higher-order term, as both crimson and scarlet are of red.

Color

Communities that show little technological development employ the fewest color terms; e.g., the Jalé of New Guinea have words corresponding to dark and light alone.

Example: Tarahumara; Green and Blue

Prototype has proposed an alternative to the view that concepts are composed from sets of features which necessarily and sufficiently define instance of a concept.

Example: Birds, scenery pictureHaas suggest that prototype theory may even

be applied to the social situations in which speech occur

PROTOTYPE

Taboo is the prohibition or avoidance in any society of behavior believed to be harmful to its member in that it would cause them anxiety, embarrassment, or shame.

Example: Saying the name of the dead ancestorThree major categories of taboo language

according to Edmund Leach: » Dirty words» Words that have to do with Christian religion»Words which are used in animal abuse

TABOO AND EUPHEMISM

Euphemism is a generally innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant.

Example:Senior citizens : old peoplePass away : dieTuna netra : orang buta

The language we speak helps us to form your world view

Prototype theory offers us a possible way of looking not only at how concepts may be formed at cognitive dimensions of linguistics behavior, but also at how we achieve our social competence in the use of language

Taboo and euphemism unconsciously affect us

Conclusion

Do you agree with Whorf Hypothesis? Give your arguments.

Give an example of kinship in your own culture.

Give an example of taboo according to your culture.

In your opinion, why do people use euphemism in daily conversation?

We Challenge You !!