SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL

IMPACT OF EARLY

MARRIAGES ON FEMALES

Representated by Hina zamir

OVERVIEW

Marriage

Types of marriages

Early marriage

Cause of early marriages

Impacts of early marriages amoung female

1 .psychological effect

2. social effect

WHAT IS MARRIAGE :-

According to Psychology Dictionary

Marriage(also called matrimony or wedlock)is a social construct in the form of a formal union of a man and a woman, typically recognized by law, by which they become husband and wife

According to Horton and Hunt,

“Marriage is the approved social pattern whereby two or more persons establish a family.”

Malinowski – “Marriage as a contract for the production and maintenance of children”.

TYPES OF MARRIAGE :- 1. Monogamy

2. Polygyny

3. Polyandry

5. Polyfidelity

6. Same sex marriage

7. Open marriage -- swinging

8. Common law marriage

9. Group marriage

10. Boston marriage

11. Levirate marriage

12. Sororate marriage.

13. Endogamy

14. Exogamy

15. "Mixed" marriage

16. Arranged marriage

17. Egalitarian marriage

18. Complementarianmarriage

19. Covenant marriage

20. After Death Marriage

WHAT IS “EARLY MARRIAGE” ?

In accordance to Article 1 of the Convention on the Right of the Child“Early marriage refers to any marriage of a child younger than 18 years old “.

According to UNICEF (2001a:5),“early marriage refers to the practice of marriage before

or during adolescence.”

“a fundamental threat to human rights “

TYPES OF EARLY MARRIAGES

“Early marriage is arranged in a different age group.

Promissory marriage

Arranged before the birth of the child.

Child marriage

Arranged for girls under 10 years of age and the bride is placed under the custody of in-laws until she reaches puberty age.

Early adolescent marriage

Arranged for girls between ages of 10-14. The married child may stay with parents but periodically visits her parents-in-law

Late Adolescent marriage

When the bride is 15 –18 years old

CAUSES OF EARLY MARRIAGE :- Poverty and economic transactions

Notions of morality and honour

Protecting ‘chastity’

Subjugation of women

Culture and Tradition

Historical Explanation

Children considered to be a “Burden”

lack of awareness about the dangers of early marriage

parents’ fear of their daughters’ being unmarriageable after the age of 14

parents’ desire to secure their daughter’s future

to strengthen ties between the marrying families for social as well as economic protection and security

parents’ desire to see their children married and settled before passing away or becoming old

EFFECTS OF EARLY MARRIAGES :-PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT

depression,

anxiety

bipolar disorder

addicted to drugs, alcohol, or smoking

Pressure

Emotional blackmail

Too many responsibilities

Violence and abuse

young brides’ reduced opportunities to develop psychological and social skills necessary to make strategic decisions and life choices

Psychosocial problems arising from early pregnancy

SOCIAL EFFECT

Isolation from the society due to shyness and household responsibilities

young brides not well-prepared to handle household management burdens and child-care responsibilities

early-arranged loveless marriages usually end in early divorce

high expenses related to the marriage, which often ends in early divorce, has economic implications for the wedding sponsoring family as well as the community as a whole

young girls married to older men have the chances of becoming a widow at a young age, which often results in a low social status and inability to inherit property

Lack of schooling after marriage effect their socialization

poor and illiterate mothers transmit poverty and illiteracy to their children and this has negative implication for the economic and social life of their communities

Negative effect on other children of the society