SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEACH

Babu.MTLISSAH

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Questions

• Introduction•What is research•Social science research or social work

research?•Propose of SR•What we can do with research•Recent Trends in Social Science Research

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• Sciences are broadly divided into natural and social science

• Social science includes various disciplines dealing with human life ,behavior, social groups and social institution

• They consists of anthropology, behavioral sciences,commmerce,demogrphy,economics,education,geography,history,law,legislation,;linguistics,management,political sciences, psychology, public administration ,sociology and social work

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•Social sciences are not exact sciences like physical sciences. it always deals with human nature and environment and which is so complex. no one person is consistent from one moment to another.

•A controlled experiment is not possible in social sciences but it is sine qua non of empirical sciences

( how the discipline gathered information?)

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Four Methods ( Knowledge Gathering)•Research is intended to bring knowledge •For this knowledge accumulation

1)tradition, 2)authority, 3)practical wisdom,4)problem solving methods were applied (check)

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Reserach

Problem solving method

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•Discussing Research in this context• What you think about Research?•Qualities required to become a good

reseracher? (your thoughts)

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Research

•Composed of two words re and search•Again, or over again/closely, carefully, to

test or to probe•A noun describing a careful and

systematic study in some field of knowledge undertaken to establish facts or principles

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•Research is a structured inquiry that

utilizes acceptable scientific methodology

to solve problems and create new

knowledge that is generally applicable

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Research( Defined as )

• “Research is an Endeavour to discover, develop and verify knowledge –Rumnell

• Scientific research is a systematic and objective

effort to offer solutions to problems

• Research invokes cause and effect relationships

and helps to formulate policies and programmes

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• “it is systematic and objective attempt to study

a problem for the purpose of deriving general

principles” (Theodorson & Theodorson)

• “It is systematic investigation to find solutions

to a problem”. Robert Burns

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Social Science Research

• It is systematic method of exploring

analyzing and conceptualizing human life in

order to extend ,corrector verify knowledge

of human behavior and social life .it seeks to

find explanations to unexplained social

phenomena ,to clarify the doubtful and

correct the misconceived facts of social life .

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Objectives of Research

•To discover new facts•Verify and test old facts•To understand human behavior•To know connection between human

activities and natural laws •To develop new scientific tools concepts

and theories –Extend the area of knowledge

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•To understand the functioning of the society.

•To study individual behavior and social action.

•To evaluate social problems ,their effects, solution

•To explore social reality•To develop theories ( Tasks :Read Theories)

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•Becker 1989,Sarantokos 1998•General goals•Theoretical goals•Pragmatic goals•Political goals•Mahr (1995)- Educational•Personal• Institutional•Political•Tactical

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Scope of social science research

•The fields are unlimited•Every phase of social phenomena•Every phase of human life•Every stage of past and present

development are materials for the Social scientist

•Interdisciplinary approach(Identify areas)

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Limitation of SS research

•Scientist :•Complexity of the subject matter•Human problems /refusal of respondents •Personal values •Anthropomorphization•Wrong decisions

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Can be viewed as

•A systematic and scientific study of a

phenomenon to create new knowledge

or to increase existing fund of

knowledge.

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•Activity undertaken with personal need or

purpose is not consider as research.

•Research shall be scientific, library

oriented,

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•Royce A Singleton “ Scientific* Social

Research consists of the process of

formulating and seeking answers to

questions about the social world.”

• *What is Mean By A Scientific Method???

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Steps

•Theodorson & Theodorson(1969)• defining Problem• stating the Problem•Devise hypothesis•Data collecting procedure•Gathering data•Analyzing data•conclusions

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•Kenneth D Bailey (1982)•Choosing research problem & stating

hypothesis• Formulating the research design•Analyzing the data• interpreting the results

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Basic Steps in Research

Data collectionTesting

Hypothesis

inferences

prediction

Practical application

Causal observation Event

Curiosity

Hypothesis

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Research Process1. Selection of Problem2. Review of Literature3. Formulating Hypothesis/Objectives4. Preparing a Research Design 5. Data Collection6. Analysis of Data7. Conclusions/Suggestions8. Research Report Assignment Supply Format for Proposal and Start work on that)

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TYPES OF RESEARCH

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Types and Method of research

•Pure and applied •Exploratory research•Diagnostic study•Evaluation study•Action Research

Experimental research Analytical study Historical research Survey research

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Pure &Applied• It is also known as basic or fundamental

research• It is initiated out of intellectual curiosity or

inquisitiveness • Initiated for the sake of knowledge without any

intention to apply it in practice( Einstein theory of relativity, Newton's law)

• It will lead to discovery of other areas like new theory or refinement of the existing theory

• It lays foundation for applied research

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Applied Research

•It is problem oriented and action oriented research initiated to find out solution to areal life problem requiring an action or policy decision

•It always focusing for an immediate and practical results

•Applied research have a vast scope in the fields of technology, management, commerce ,economics, and other social sciences

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Exploratory research

•Exploratory study is a preliminary study of an unfamiliar problem about which the researcher has little or no knowledge

•It is ill structured and much less focused on predetermined objectives

•To generate ideas, to increase the familiarity of researcher about the problem

•To make a precise formulation of the problem etc(more note )

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Descriptive research

•It is the simplest form of research. it is a fact finding investigation with adequate interpretations

•t is more specific than exploratory research

•It is designed to gather descriptive information information and provides information for formulating more sophisticated study

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criteria

•The problem must be descriptive•The data should be assessable to an

accurate objective•It should be possible to develop valid

studies of comparison •It should lead itself to verifiable

procedure of collection and analysis of data

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objective• Identifying the various characteristics of a

community institutions or problem under study. but it does not deal with testing of hypothesis ,but it can reveal the relationship b/w variables

• Usefulness• Development of young sciences• Highlighting of methodological aspects of data

collection &interpretation• Prediction• Providing facts

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Diagnostic study

•It is more or less same to the descriptive study but with a different focus.

•It intends to discover what is happening ,why it is happening ,what can be done about it

• It aims at identifying the problem and the posssible solution for it

•Requirement

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Evaluation study

•It is one type of applied research .made for assessing the effectiveness of social economic programmmes implemented or for assessing the impact of development project on the development of the project area such as determination of the results attained by some activity designed o accomplish some values or goals or objective

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•The propose of the study is asses or appraise the quality and quantity of an activity and its performance and to specify its attributes and conditions required for its success or failure

•The change that brought by the project is also assessed in evaluative study.

•Concurrent evaluation, periodic valuation, terminal evaluation are different types of ER

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Action Research

•It is type of evaluative study.•It is concurrent evaluation study of an

action programmme launched for solving a problem for improving an existing situation

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Experimental research

•It is designed to asses the effects of particular variables on a phenomena by keeping the other variable constant or controlled.

•It aims at determining whether and in what manner variables are related to each other.

•The factor which is influenced by other factors is called dependant variables.

•And other factors which influence it are known as independent variables

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•For eg: agricultral productivity /ph productivity is determined by the fertility, Irrigation,manuring etc.

• Qualitative & Quantitative Research?????

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Historical Research

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