SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY• It is the philosophical study of interesting questions and

social behavior. Social philosophy address a wide range of subjects, from individual meaning to legitimacy of laws, from the social contract to criteria for revolution, from functions of every action to the effects of science and culture, from change in human demographics to the collective order of wasp nest.

• Is a normative science that involves the ideal of justices develops arguments that justify political and social institutions whether real or imagined.

• Philosophic critique of social process or the interaction within the social groups in terms of the principles that underlie social structure and function.

HUMAN ACTS

Definition’s• Actions which man performs knowingly freely and voluntarily.• Actions which are the results of conscious knowledge and are subject to

the control of will.Attributes • Awareness of what one is doing and of its consequences• Freely performing an act (by his own volitions and powers)• Willfully performing the action.

Distinctions • Moral Actions – actions with conformity with norms of morality• Immoral Actions – actions without norms of morality• Amoral Actions – stands neutral in relations of the norms of morality.

Determinants of morality • The act in itself – physical tendency towards a definite result• Motive of action - a purpose by which the doer wishes to achieve by such

actions • circumstance of the act - refers to the who, what, where, with whom,

why, how and where of action/event.

SENSE OF NATIONHOOD

• Concept of nationalism• Conflicting Values• Managing conflicting situations.

TEACHERS RELATIONSHIP WITH VARIOUS GROUPS 1. Community

• Participate actively in the activities of communities• Gambling, Drunkenness and Other Immoral unworthy • Strive to live for and with the community2. His Colleagues • Be loyal and faithful• Sincerely acknowledge assistance receive from colleagues• Organize and turn – over records and other data to his/her successor• Never reveal confidential information • Seek due permission from the custodian before moving any records • Report honestly to proper authority• Support a formal accusation with verifiable facts and documents • Express criticism with professional and legitimate manner to proper authorities• Grade and promote pupils fairly and objectively• Devote official time fully, faithfully, conscientiously, and heartily to official work

The students• Accept the facts that their foremost concern is the walfare

of the pupils/stdents • Treat all pupils justly and impartially regardless of the

childrens intellectual ability, physical traits, social – economic status, political religious beliefs or favors receives from them or parents

• accepting remuneration for tutorial service for the pupils/studens

• Refrain from asking personal service or accepting gift• Refrain taking advantages of their position to court a pupil

or students • Desist from inflicting corporal punishment for any offense

committed by the students

The parents • Establish friendly and cooperative relationship with the parents• Inform the parents about progress as well as the academic deficiencies of

their child • Behave and conduct oneself in a manner in a merits the confidence and

respects of parents• Listen to and act justly on parents complaines • Discourage the parents from making unfounded unpleasant remarks in

the public about colleagues, the administration and institutions

• The Private Business• Be honest in all financial matters • Maintain good reputation with respect to financial matters • Desist from incurring debts• Pay debts promptly• Refrain from borrowing money from students

ETHICS AND MORAL PHILOSOPHY

Ethics – (from the Greek word “ethikos” means “theory of living”. Major branch of philosophy is the study of values and customs of person or group and covers the analysis and employment concept such as right, wrong, good, evil and responsibility. Primary areas • Meta-ethics • Normative ethics • Applied ethics

META-ETHICS • It is the attempt to understand the metaphysical,

epistemological, semantic, and psychological, presupposition and commitments and moral through talk, and practices

• Explorers as well the connection between values, reasons for actions and human motivations, asking how it is moral standard might provide us with reasons to do or refrain from doing as it demands and it addresses many of the issues commonly bound up with a nature of freedom and its significance (or not) for moral responsibility

NORMATIVE ETHICS

• It concern with classifying actions as right and wrong, as opposed to descriptive ethics. Normative ethics regards set of norms related to actions. Descriptive ethics deals with the populations believe to be right and wrong.CONSEQUENTIALISM – argues that the morality of an action is contingent on the action outcome or result.

DIVISION OF ETHICS

• General Ethics – discusses nature of human acts and their relation to morality; includes the ultimate and man/human acts /laws and conscience/virtue in general.

• Special Ethics - morality to the particular actions of man as an individual and society includes right duties of God/oneself (individual ethics): right to life, property, and marriages

MORALITY

• It refers to the concept of human ethics which pertains to matters of good and evil – also referred to as ‘right or wrong’

• Personal morality• Moral values• Principle

VALUES • Personal values • Cultural values • Living values

education Cooperation FreedomHappinessHonesty

HumilityLove PeaceRespectResponsibilitySimplicityTolerance Unity

LEGAL BASES OF THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATION

Philippine education system are provided in the Philippine Constitutions, the Education Act of 1982, and the Executive Order No. 117, series of 1987 ( Reorganization of DECS)

• LegalDeriving from or founded on law.Created by the constructions of the law. Legal Bases of the Philippine Education System• The laws which are the bases of the PES.

MAJOR LAWS WHICH STIPULATE THECURRENT PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

1987 CONSTITUTIONARTICLE XIV: EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,

ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS

• Quality education accessible to all. (Section 1) • Complete, adequate, and integrated relevant education. (2.1.) • Free public education in the elementary and high school level. (2.2.) • Scholarship grants, loans, subsidies and other incentives to deserving students in both

private and public schools. (2.3.)• Non-formal, formal, and indigenous learning systems. (2.4) • Vocational training to adults, disabled and out of school youth. (2.5) • Study of the constitution. (3.1)• Study of values. (3.2.) • e.g. patriotism, nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human rights,

appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values, etc.

• Optional religious instruction in public schools. (3.3.) • Supervision and regulation of all schools. (3.4.) • Control and administration of schools by Filipinos. (3.5)• Exemption from taxes and duties. (3.6.) • Academic freedom in institutions in higher learning.

(5.2,3,4.)• Assigning highest budget priority to education. (5.5.)• National language is Filipino. (6.1.)

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 6 – A EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DECREE OF 1972

• Goals of the Educational system. (2, a – c)1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of

economic development and social progress.2. To assure of maximum participation of all the people in

the attainment and enjoyment of the benefits of such growth.

3. To strengthen national consciousness and promote desirable cultural values in a changing world.

• Ten – year program to attain the objectives. (4, a – f) • Educational projects to attain objectives. (5, a – g) 1. Management studies by the DEC.2. Improvement of secondary schools which include services, facilities,

equipments and curriculum.3. Upgrading and improvement of technical institutions, skill – training centers

and other non-training programs for the out of school youth and the unemployed.

4. Curriculum and staff development including mathematics and science teaching.

5. Expansion of agricultural secondary and higher education programs.6. Textbooks and instructional materials.7. Assistance and incentives.• Working arrangements.• Financing the whole educational system

EDUCATION ACT OF 1982 (BATAS PAMBANSA BLG.232)

• AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF EDUCATION.

"Education Act of 1982."

• Goals The Act provides that the basic policy of the States is to establish and maintain a complete adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the goals of national development as follow:1. Achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development

and social progress 2. Assure the maximum participant of all people in the attainment and

enjoyment of such growth, and3. Achieve and strengthen national unity and consciousness and preserve,

develop and promote desirable cultural, spiritual values in changing world.

• Aims• Provide for a broad general education that will assist each individual in

the peculiar ecology of his own society, to:• attain his potentials as human beings;• enhance the range and quality of individual and group participation in the basic

functions of society, and• acquire essential educational foundations of his development into a productive

and versatile citizen. • Train the nation’s manpower in the middle – level skills required for

national development.• Develop the profession that will provide leadership for the nation in the

advancement of knowledge for improving the quality of human life, and

• Respond effectively to changing needs and conditions of the nations through a system educational planning and evaluation.

 • Rights and Duties of Parents in the Education of Children• Rights

• Right to organize themselves and/or with teachers for the discussion betterment of the school.

• Right to access to any official record concerning the children who are under their parental responsibility.

• Duties• Duty to help carry out the educational objectives in accordance with national

goals.• Duty to enable their children to obtain elementary education and shall strive

to enable them to obtain secondary or higher education in the pursuance of the right formation of the youth.

• Duty to cooperate with the school in the implementation of the school program.

• Rights and Duties of Students • Rights 

• Right to receive, primarily through competent instruction, relevant quality education in line with national development goals and conducive to their full development as persons with human dignity. 

• Right to freely choose their field of study subject to existing course therein up to graduation, except in cases of academic deficiency or disciplinary regulations.

• Right to school guidance and counselling services. • Right of access to his own school records, the confidentiality of which the school

shall maintain and preserve. • Right to the issuance of official certificates, diplomas, transcript of records,

grades, transfer credentials, and other similar documents within thirty days of request. 

• Right to publish a school newspaper.• Right to free expression of opinions and suggestions and to effective channels of

communication.• Right to form, establish, and join organizations.• Right to be free from involuntary contributions, except those approve by their own

organizations or societies.

• Duties • Duty to exert his utmost to develop his potentialities. • Duty to uphold the academic integrity of the school. • Duty to promote the peace and tranquillity of the

school. • Duty to participate actively in civic affairs, and in the

promotion of the general welfare.• Duty to exert his rights responsibly.

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 117, S. 1987 (REORGANIZATION OF DECS)

• The Department shall be responsible for the formulation, planning, implementation, and coordination of policies, plans, programs and projects in the areas of formal and non – formal education at all levels: elementary, secondary, higher, technical – vocational, non – formal, sports and culture.

RA 7722: HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1994 • An act creating the Commission on Higher Education. 

RA 7796: AN ACT CREATING THE TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY OF 1994 • An act creating the Technical Education and Skills Development

Authority. 

• RA 9155: AN ACT INSTITUTINGA FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNANCE FOR BASIC EDUCATION, ESTABLISHING AUTHORITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY, RENAMING THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS AS THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Authored by former senator Tessie Aquino – Oreta. DECS (Department of Education, Culture and Sports) was renamed

DEPEd (Department of Education). Governance of Basic Education starts at National level, but it is in the

Regional, Division, District and School level where the policies and principles are translated into projects, programs, and services developed, offered to fit local needs.

RA 4670: MAGNA CARTA FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS (1966)

COVERAGE: All public school teachers ELIGIBILITY: • Elementary School Teachers• BEED Graduate• PBET/LET Passer

• Secondary School Teachers• BSE/ BSEd Graduate/ Bachelor’s Degree• 18 units in major subject/ 18 units of professional education subject• PBET/LET Passer

Rights of Teachers

• Right to be informed of the charges in writing.• Right to full access to the evidence in the case.• Right to defend himself and be defended by a

representative of his choice.• Right to appeal to clearly designated authorities.• Right for a married couple, both of whom are school

teachers, to be employed in the same locality whenever possible.

Hours of Work and Remuneration

• Enjoy academic freedom in the discharge of professional duties regarding teaching and classroom methods.

• Enjoy free physical exam and free medical treatment or hospitalization.

• Salary scale – gradual progression from a minimum to a maximum salary by means of regular increments, granted automatically every after three years.

• Granting of cost of living allowance.• Additional compensation for service excess of 6 hours actual classroom teaching, hardship allowance and automatic retirement promotion.

Leave and Retirement Benefits • Study leave (Sabbatical leave) – with pay equivalent to 60% of salary after seven years of service.

• Indefinite leave• Maternity leave with pay for 60 days.• Vacation leave with pay.• Enjoy one range salary raise upon retirement, which shall be the basis of the retirement pay and the monthly benefits thereafter.

Teacher’s Organization • Freedom to organize.• Prohibition of discrimination against teachers.

PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES AND OTHER LEGAL BASES OF EDUCATION

• Act No. 74January 1, 1901

• Laid the foundations of Philippine public school system and made English as the language of instruction.

• Established in the Philippine Normal School and Trade school in Manila, and an Agricultural school in Negros. 

• RA 476June 18, 1949• Converted the Philippine Normal School into a Teacher college and offered courses

leading to Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education and Master of Arts in education.

 RA 7168December 26, 1991 Converted the Philippine Normal School into a University. RA 6655  Also known as the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988. Public secondary schools were nationalized and they were reclassified by source of funding and

curriculum type. DECS ORDER NO. 38, s. 1994  NSAT is required for all senior high school students. PD 603  Required that every school division should organize special classes for children with special needs.

RA 5250 (1966)  Provided a ten – year teacher education program in Special education for the teaching of the gifted, mentally –

retarded and those with behaviour problems. Only two schools offered undergraduate in SPEd: UP COEd and CEU. RA 7686  Being paid in OJTs in private industries. RA 7687  Scholarship programs for careers in science and technology. PD 1006September 22, 1976  Considered teachers as professionals and teaching promulgated as a profession. Teachers need to pass the PBET before they could teach, whether in private or public school.

 PD 146  Required all high school graduates seeking admissions to post – secondary degrees necessitating

a minimum of four years study to pass a national entrance examination. RA 7731  Abolished the NCEE to give the marginalized sector greater access to college education. RA 7743  Created the Center of Excellence in Teacher Education.

RA 7791  Stretched the school year from 185 – 200 days. RA 1265  Made the observance of the flag ceremony compulsory, RA 7836  An act professionalizing the teaching profession. Established the Licensure Examinations for Teachers. RA 10157  Kindergarten Education Act Provides the inclusion of the Kindergarten level into the basic education program. It is a must that

children must undergo kinder before entering grade 1.

 Senate Bill 3286: Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2012  An addition of two years in the basic education.