Social issues after disaster (2)

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Social issues after Disaster

GROUND RULES Be attentive Switch off your cell phones & laptops Do not talk Do not leave the room during

presentation Question & answers will be treated at

the end of presentation

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05/02/2023Social issues after Disaster

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SOCIAL ISSUES AFTER DISASTER

Presented By: N/C Saira Riaz BSc Gen 3rd Year 6th SemesterFaculty: Maj Farhat Jabeen

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OBJECTIVESAt the end of this presentation the

learner will be able to: Define disaster Classify the disaster Explain natural and man made

disasters Describe social issues after disaster Learn psychological issues after

disaster Elaborate social issues during disaster Define disaster management Discuss disaster management

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DISASTER “Any occurrence that can cause

damage, ecological disruption. loss of human life, deterioration of health and health care services on a scale, sufficient warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”

(WHO)

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DISASTER CONT… ”Something (such as a flood, tornado,

fire, plane crash, etc.) that happens suddenly and causes much suffering or loss to many people”

Something that has a very bad effect Result a complete or terrible failure

(Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary)

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TYPES OF DISASTER

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NATURAL DISASTER“A sudden and terrible event in nature

(such as a hurricane, tornado, or flood) that usually results in serious damage and many deaths”

(Merriam Webster)

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Social issues after DisasterCAUSES OF NATURAL DISASTERS: A natural disaster is a disruption in the

balance of the environment

Planetary Heat Exchangers

Rising Sea Levels and Deforestation

When the Ground Convulses

Regional distribution

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TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTERThere are different types of natural

disaster.

Flood: When an expanse of water overflows,

it submerges land and destroys everything that gets in its way. This is a flood.

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TORNADOS “Tornadoes are violent , rotating,

funnel-shaped clouds that usually extend from thunderstorms to the ground and have wind speeds of between 50 and 300 mph.” Damage exceed 50 miles in some cases.

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EXTREME TEMPRATURES Extreme temperatures caused by a

heat wave or cold wave are one of many climatologically hazards. A heat wave increases the temperature in a certain region and pushes the human body beyond its limit.

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AVALANCHES: “Geophysical hazard caused by a

large amount of snow sliding down a mountainside is called avalanches.”

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AVALANCHES CONT… When an avalanche moves towards

ground level, it gains mass by amassing snow from the snowpack and is usually at its highest speed when it gets nearer to the bottom of the slope.

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DROUGHT:“A drought occurs when a region doesn't

receive enough rainfall which leads to a severe deficiency in the water supply.” When the situation persists over an extended period, it changes the ecosystem and destroys the agriculture of the region.

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WILDFIRE: In the United States, over 90% of

wildfires are caused when people leave campfires unattended, discard cigarettes carelessly, etc., but long-lasting lightning bolts can also start a fire in wild lands.

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TSUNAMI: “A powerful earthquake, underwater

explosions, landslides, or volcanic eruptions under the ocean floor is called tsunami.”

Deadliest types of natural disasters. Tremendous damage Affect millions of people

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VOLCANO ERUPTION: “When magma from the earth's upper

mantle moves to the surface is called volcano eruption.”

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VOLCANO ERUPTION CONT… Takes the form of a pool filled with

molten rock. A volcano erupts when pressure builds.

Cause hot ash flows, lava flows, lateral blasts, falling ash, and avalanches.

Can often trigger flash floods, tsunamis, mudflows, earthquakes, and rock falls.

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HURRICANES: A closed circulation system in the

atmosphere that consists of strong winds and low pressure. The winds rotate clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere.

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EARTHQUAKE: Types of natural disasters that strike

without an early warning. Result of the sudden break within the upper crust of the earth, which may also break the surface and lead to the vibration of the ground.

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MAN MADE DISASTERS “A disastrous event caused directly

and principally by one or more identifiable deliberate or negligent human actions. Also called human-made disaster.”

(William Webster’s)

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Social issues after DisasterCAUSES OF MANMADE DISASTERSThere are many causes of manmade

disasters. Negligence Oil spilling Nuclear bombing and testing Lack of fund, proper intervention,

inspection and education Terrorism Pollution

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TYPES OF MANMADE DISASTERS

There are different types of manmade disasters.

Nuclear disaster Biological disasters Chemical disasters Fire accidents Road accidents Terrorism Epidemic

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NUCLEAR DISASTER “An event that has led to significant

consequences to people, the environment or the facility." Examples include lethal effects to individuals, large radioactivity release to the environment, or reactor core melt."

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BIOLOGICAL DISASTER “Biological disasters are outbreaks of

diseases or contagions of plant and animal life on an epidemic or pandemic level or infestations of animal or insect life on an epidemic or pandemic level”

Examples: Biological disasters include cholera

and influenza H1N1 (swine flu).

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CHEMICAL DISASTER “A chemical accident is the

unintentional release of one or more hazardous substances which could harm human health or the environment.”

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FIRE ACCIDENTS “One which arises in consequence of

some human agency, without any intention, or which happens by some natural cause, without human agency.”

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ROAD ACCIDENTS “The accident occuring when a vehicle

that is moving along a roadway collides with another vehicle or object is called road traffic accident.”

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TERRORISM “The use of violent acts to frighten the

people in an area as a way of trying to achieve a political goal.”

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EPIDEMIC “A widespread occurrence of an

infectious disease in a community at a particular time.”

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Social issues after DisasterIMPACTS OF DISASTER ON SOCIETYDisplaced Populations

One of the most immediate effects of natural disasters is population displacement.

When countries are ravaged by

earthquakes or other powerful forces of nature, many people have to abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions.

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IMPACTS CONT… A large influx of refugees can disrupt

accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water.

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IMPACTS CONT… Health Risks

it is the second most damaging effect of disaster.

Severe flooding can result in stagnant water that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitoes.

Without emergency relief from international aid organizations and others, death tolls can rise even after the immediate danger has passed.

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IMPACTS CONT…Food Scarcity

After natural disasters, food often becomes scarce.

Thousands of people around the world go hungry as a result of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought.

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IMPACTS CONT… Food prices rise, reducing families’

purchasing power and increasing the risk of severe malnutrition or worse.

The impacts of hunger following an earthquake, typhoon or hurricane can be tremendous, causing lifelong damage to children’s development.

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IMPACTS CONT…Emotional Aftershocks

Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children.

Confronted with scenes of destruction and the deaths of friends and loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a serious psychological condition resulting from extreme trauma.

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IMPACTS CONT… Left untreated, children suffering from

PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological damage and emotional distress.

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Social issues after DisasterPSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF DISASTER Following are the psychological impcts

of disaster ; post-traumatic stress

Grief and loss

Fear,anxiety and insecurity

Confusion and guilt

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Social issues after DisasterPSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS CONT…

Post-traumatic stress; Young people can ‘act out’ when they are grieving or traumatised. They can become aggressive or irritable and start having problems at school. Grief and loss; People who have survived a natural disaster often feel a sense of grief and loss. They may have lost family members, friends, neighbours, pets, their homes and cherished possessions.

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Social issues after DisasterPSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS CONT…Fear anxiety and insecurity; Natural disasters often impact the

entire community and this can affect a young person’s sense of security and normality. Sometimes people continue to feel anxious, frightened and unsafe for weeks after the disaster, despite being physically safe.

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Social issues after DisasterPSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS CONT…Confusion and guilt; survivors of a disaster feel guilty that they have survived while others have not, or feel guilty that they were unable to prevent or control the disaster.

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Social issues after DisasterSOCIAL ISSUES DURING DISASTER Food crisis

Health hazards

Revaged infrastructure

Unemployment and economic loss

Militancy and crimes

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DISASTER MANAGMENT“ Organization and management of

resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters is called disaster management.”

(Merriam Webster’s)

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONT…A continuous and integrated process of

planning , organizing , coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary for:

Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster

Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences

Capacity building

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONT… Preparedness to deal with any disaster Prompt response to any threatening

disaster situation Assessing the severity and magnitude

of any disaster Evacuation , rescue and relief Rehabilitation and reconstruction

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SUMMARY

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REFERENCES G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, D. Hilhorst

(eds.) (2003). Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People. ISBN1-85383-964-7

Jump up^D. Alexander (2002). Principles of Emergency planning and Management. Harpended: Terra publishing. ISBN903544-10-6.

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REFERENCE CONT… Jump up^B. Wisner; P. Blaikie; T.

Cannon & I. Davis (2004). At Risk - Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Wiltshire: Routledge. ISBN0-415-25216-4.

Jump up^Lee Davis (2008). "Natural Disasters". Infobase Publishing. p.7. ISBN 0-8160-7000-8

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Education

Social issues after disaster (2)