SOC 451Globalization of Culture and

Communication

Asst. Prof. Fatma Altınbaş Sarıgül

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

• The Nation-state’s governance function’s decline, has given rise to 3 new forms of government:

1. Governance without government

2. Governance through various public policy networks

3. Governance at the global level

The growth in demand for more specific factors..

CIVIL SOCIETY• Hegel; ‘civil society exists between the family and

the state; a realm that is not only separated from them, but where an individual can participate directly in various social institutions.’

• To Hegel, Marx and Engels, the economy was considered part of civil society.

• The distinction between the economy and civil society, happened with Antonio Gramsci.

• Gramsci argued that to challenge the hegemony of the state (controlled by economy), the opposition had to gain positions in civil society (e.g. universities, media) in order to generate their own ideas emanating from the capitalist economic system.

CIVIL SOCIETY

• It is defined as the process through which individuals negotiate, argue, struggle against or agree with each other and with the centers of political and economic authority.

• Civil society stands as a counterbalance and an alternative to both the nation-state and the economic market, especially the capitalist market.

• Social movements, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), transnational networks, religious organizations, community groups..

GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY

• Global, non-governmental, pluralistic form of society composed of interlinked social processes oriented to civility.

• Some sociologists argue that civil society can only survive within the market economy, while some differentiates civil society from the market and the economy.

• How do we account for the rise of civil society and NGOs?

International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs)

• International not for profit organizations that perform public functions but are not established or run by nation-states.

• The first modern INGO is RED CROSS founded in 1856 in Switzerland.

• In general terms, they serve to frame global policy issues in areas such as women’s rights, population, education and the environment.

INGOs and GLOBALIZATION

• Reading article

The Uneven Globalization of Civil Society Organizations and the Consequences for Cross-National Disparities in Human Development

by Wade T. Roberts, The Colorado College