LECTURE #5LECTURE #5

Presented ByPresented ByMrs.Vasanthi Mrs.Vasanthi MuniasamyMuniasamy

INFORMATION INFORMATION SECURITYSECURITY

TOPICTOPIC

SMART CARDSMART CARD

Smart CardsSmart CardsFuture Life………Future Life………

Plastic CardsPlastic Cards

Visual identity applicationVisual identity application Plain plastic card is enoughPlain plastic card is enough

Magnetic strip (e.g. credit cards)Magnetic strip (e.g. credit cards) Visual data also available in machine Visual data also available in machine

readable formreadable form No security of dataNo security of data

Electronic memory cardsElectronic memory cards Machine readable dataMachine readable data Some security (vendor specific)Some security (vendor specific)

What is a Smart What is a Smart Card? Card? A Smart card is a plastic

card about the size of a

credit card, with an

embedded microchip that

can be loaded with data,

used for telephone calling,

cash payments , and other

applications, and then

periodically refreshed for

additional use.

What is a smart card?What is a smart card?

HistoryHistory

70’s70’s

Smart Card First Patent in Smart Card First Patent in GermanyGermany and and later in later in FranceFrance and and JapanJapan..

80’s 80’s

Mass usage in Pay Phones and Debit Cards.Mass usage in Pay Phones and Debit Cards.

90’s90’s

Smart Card based Mobiles Chips & Sim Smart Card based Mobiles Chips & Sim Cards.Cards.

HistoryHistory

2000’s2000’s

Payment and Ticketing Applications Payment and Ticketing Applications

Credit cards, Mass transit (Smartrip)Credit cards, Mass transit (Smartrip)

Healthcare and Identification Healthcare and Identification

Insurance information, Drivers licenseInsurance information, Drivers license

Dimensions of smart Dimensions of smart card.card.

85.6mm x 53.98mm x 0.76mm(defined by ISO 7816)

Card ElementsCard ElementsMagnetic Stripe

Chip

Embossing (Card Number / Name / Validity)

Logo

Hologram

Smart Cards devicesSmart Cards devices

VCC

Reset

Clock

GND

VPP

I/O

Reserved

Electrical Signals DescriptionElectrical Signals Description

: Clocking or timing signal (optional use by the

card).

GND : Ground (reference voltage).

VPP : Programming voltage input (deprecated / optional use by the card).

I/O : Input or Output for serial data to the integrated circuit inside the card.AUX1(C4): Auxilliary contact; USB devices: D+AUX2(C8) : Auxilliary contact; USB devices: D-

VCC : Power supply input

: Either used itself (reset signal supplied from the interface device) or in

combination with an internal reset control circuit (optional use by the card) .

Fig : A smart card pin out

RST

CLK

CARD STRUCTURECARD STRUCTURE

Out of the eight contacts only six are

used. Vcc is the supply voltage, Vss is

the ground reference voltage against

which the Vcc potential is measured,

Vpp connector is used for the high

voltage signal,chip receives

commands & interchanges data.

Typical ConfigurationsTypical Configurations

256 bytes to 4KB RAM.256 bytes to 4KB RAM. 8KB to 32KB ROM.8KB to 32KB ROM. 1KB to 32KB EEPROM.1KB to 32KB EEPROM. 8-bit to 16-bit CPU. 8051 based 8-bit to 16-bit CPU. 8051 based

designs are common.designs are common.

Smart Card ReadersSmart Card Readers

Computer based readersConnect through USB or COM (Serial) ports

Dedicated terminalsUsually with a small screen, keypad, printer, often also have biometric devices such as thumb print scanner.

Terminal/PC Card Terminal/PC Card InteractionInteraction

The terminal/PC sends commands to The terminal/PC sends commands to the card (through the serial line).the card (through the serial line).

The card executes the command and The card executes the command and sends back the reply.sends back the reply.

The terminal/PC cannot directly The terminal/PC cannot directly access memory of the card so data in access memory of the card so data in the card is protected from the card is protected from unauthorized access. This is what unauthorized access. This is what makes the card makes the card smart.smart.

Why Smart Cards?Why Smart Cards?

Security: Data and codes on the card are

encrypted by the chip maker. The Smart

Card’s circuit chip almost impossible to forge.

Trust: Minimal human interaction.

Portability.

Less Paper work: Eco-Friendly

Two Types of ChipsTwo Types of Chips

Memory chipMemory chip Acts as a small Acts as a small

floppy disk with floppy disk with optional securityoptional security

Are inexpensiveAre inexpensive Offer little security Offer little security

features features

Microprocessor Microprocessor Can add, delete, and Can add, delete, and

manipulate its manipulate its memory. memory.

Acts as a miniature Acts as a miniature computer that computer that includes an operating includes an operating system, hard disk, and system, hard disk, and input/output ports. input/output ports.

Provides more security Provides more security and memory and can and memory and can even download even download applications. applications.

From 1 billion to 4 billion From 1 billion to 4 billion units in 10 years…units in 10 years…

Worldwide smart card shipments

925 960

26553325

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Mil

lio

ns

of

un

its

Microprocessor cards

Memory cards

4285

3580

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

925 960

Smart Cards in Smart Cards in everyday life…everyday life…

Ticketing

Payment

Loyalty

Transport

Smart Poster

Health card

Communication

Contact Smart CardsContact Smart Cards

Requires insertion Requires insertion into a smart card into a smart card reader with a direct reader with a direct connection connection

This physical contact This physical contact allows for allows for transmission of transmission of commands, data, and commands, data, and card status to take card status to take place place

Contactless smart Contactless smart card:-card:-

Contactless Smart Contactless Smart Cards Cards

Require only close Require only close proximity to a readerproximity to a reader

Both the reader and card Both the reader and card have antennas through have antennas through which the two which the two communicate communicate

Ideal for applications Ideal for applications that require very fast that require very fast card interfaces card interfaces

ISOISO 14443. 14443.

International standard.International standard. Deals – only contactless smart cards.Deals – only contactless smart cards. Defines:-Defines:-

a.a. Interface.Interface.

b.b. Radio frequency interface.Radio frequency interface.

c.c. Electrical interface.Electrical interface.

d.d. Operating distance.Operating distance.

Etc…..Etc…..

Dual interface smart Dual interface smart cards.cards.

Also called Also called Combi cardCombi card..

Has a single chip over it.Has a single chip over it.

Has both contact as well as Has both contact as well as contactless interfaces.contactless interfaces.

We can use the same chip using either We can use the same chip using either contact or contactless interface with a contact or contactless interface with a high level of security.high level of security.

DualDual interface smart interface smart cardcard..

Hybrid smart card.Hybrid smart card.

Two chips.Two chips. One with contact interface.One with contact interface. Other with contactless Other with contactless

interface.interface. No connection between the No connection between the

two chips.two chips.

Hybrid smart cards.Hybrid smart cards.

Categories of Smart Categories of Smart CardsCards

Based on the type of IC chip embedded on the Smart Card. They are categorized into three types :-

IC Micro Processor Cards IC Memory Cards Optical Memory Cards

Key AttributesKey Attributes

Securityto make the Digital Life safe and enjoyable

Ease of Useto enable all of us to access to the Digital World

Privacyto respect each individual’s freedom and intimacy

SAFE

So many Smart Cards with So many Smart Cards with us at all times…..us at all times…..

In our GSM phone (the SIM card)In our GSM phone (the SIM card) Inside our WalletsInside our Wallets

Credit/Debit cardsCredit/Debit cards HealthCare cardsHealthCare cards Loyalty cardsLoyalty cards

Our corporate badgeOur corporate badge Our PassportOur Passport Our e-Banking OTPOur e-Banking OTP

… … and the list keeps growingand the list keeps growing

Our Industries Is rapidly Our Industries Is rapidly changingchanging

eTicketing

Interactive billboards Transports

Retail

New solutions leveraging New solutions leveraging on mobile contactless on mobile contactless

servicesservices

Smart Card ApplicationsSmart Card Applications

Government programsGovernment programs Banking & FinanceBanking & Finance Mobile CommunicationMobile Communication Pay Phone CardsPay Phone Cards TransportationTransportation Electronic TollsElectronic Tolls PassportsPassports Electronic CashElectronic Cash Retailer Loyalty Retailer Loyalty

ProgramsPrograms Information securityInformation security

Banking and financeBanking and finance

Electronic purse to replace coins for small purchases in

vending machines .

Credit and debit cards

Securing payments across the internet

Smart card Pay phones Smart card Pay phones

Outside of the United States there is a Outside of the United States there is a

widespread use of payphones widespread use of payphones phone company does not have to collect coinsphone company does not have to collect coins the users do not have to have coins or the users do not have to have coins or

remember long access numbers and PIN remember long access numbers and PIN codescodes

The risk of vandalism is very low since these The risk of vandalism is very low since these payphones are smart card-based. “Generally, payphones are smart card-based. “Generally, a phone is attacked if there is some money a phone is attacked if there is some money inside it, as in the case of coin-based inside it, as in the case of coin-based payphonepayphone

TransportationTransportation

Driver’s licenseDriver’s license

Mass transit fare collection Mass transit fare collection

systemsystem

Electronic toll collection systemElectronic toll collection system

It’s no longer only «Cards»It’s no longer only «Cards»e-Passport: the first Smart Secure e-Passport: the first Smart Secure

DeviceDevice

45 Millions e-Passport in 2009

Student id cardStudent id card

All-purpose student ID card All-purpose student ID card containing a variety of applications containing a variety of applications such as electronic purse (for such as electronic purse (for vending machines, laundry vending machines, laundry machines, library card, and meal machines, library card, and meal card).card).

By 2020 …By 2020 …

20 Billion Smart Secure Devices

>4 Billion Mobile Appliances users

>4 Billion e-ID documents in use