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Keynote communication of Mark Holderness (GFAR) to IAALD2010 Congress, Montpellier, France, 26-29 April 2010
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Shaping Tomorrow’s Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture TodayAgriculture Today
Mark Holderness, Ajit Maru & Valeria Pesce
The Global Forum on Agricultural Research
The Global Forum is:The Global Forum is:
A Global Advocate for agricultural research to meet the future needs of humanity
The Key Global Link between agricultural science and society
A Voice for the disadvantaged
A Partnership for change
A Catalyst for action
An Open and Inclusive Platform for sharing and learning
GFAR - We Are YouGFAR - We Are You
Farmers – putting poor rural communities at the centre of research
Civil Society – a voice for the needs of the disadvantaged, bridging local and scientific innovation
National Agricultural Research & Extension – capable, relevant and integrated systems meeting the needs of the poor
Private Sector – effective, responsible input delivery & output markets
International Research Centers – driven by national development needs
Fundamental Research Institutions – ‘upstream’ research driven by development objectives
Donor organizations – fulfilling development aims through explicitly demand-driven policies and processes
Global Forum: Priorities for ActionGlobal Forum: Priorities for Action
Advocacy for change: Strengthen the voice and demand of society for innovative agricultural research around key development issues
Institutions for the Future: Transform agricultural research, extension and education institutions to meet our future needs
Inter-regional learning: New partnerships catalysing rapid and efficient change around the world
Putting knowledge to use: Empower change by overcoming the barriers to knowledge flow
The GCARD - Transforming AR4D: The GCARD - Transforming AR4D: Business as usual is not an option...Business as usual is not an option...
Populations are growing fastFood demands are changingClimates are changingLand use is changingWater resources are diminishingSoil resources are erodingUrbanization is advancingFarming populations are getting older
The poor are increasingly marginalized
Towards an ‘evergreen’ revolutionTowards an ‘evergreen’ revolution
How can we increase agricultural productivity and farmer incomes while:
Ensuring the poor benefit and societal needs are met
Sustainably managing environmental resources
And what kind of institutions do we need to meet these challenges?
But...
• Why isn’t past research better benefiting the poor?
• Why have many apparently effective technologies not been adopted?
• Why has society been losing confidence in agricultural science?
• Why are research and extension institutions not effectively connected with those they are intended to benefit?
The generation and application of knowledge is critical to meeting the huge global challenges facing agriculture
Agriculture: a knowledge-based industryAgriculture: a knowledge-based industry
Developing countries must have access Developing countries must have access to external informationto external information
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
USA Belgium China Malaysia Uganda
Researchers per million people
Clickstream data: how scientific literature is accessed and connected, from users’ downloading and browsing behaviour (PLoS ONE, 2009)
Current science: social Current science: social science linkagesscience linkages
All knowledgeAll knowledgehas valuehas value
Scientific knowledge is reductionist, trusted & validated by its method
Local knowledge is holistic, trusted & validated by experience & culture
Need to link & reconcile these knowledge & trust bases
Sustainable development must value & capitalize on both
P.
Van
Mel
e
Empowered by Knowledge
Society is full of natural
innovators...Constrained by resources & risk-aware
Knowledge is not static, derives from actions & interactionsKnowledge is not static, derives from actions & interactions
The nature of innovationThe nature of innovation
Information is passive, becomes knowledge through useInformation is passive, becomes knowledge through use
Innovation and change derives from the interaction and Innovation and change derives from the interaction and knowledge of multiple actors within a contextknowledge of multiple actors within a context
J.Vos
What stops information becoming What stops information becoming innovationinnovation??
Control Awareness Media Accessibility Reductionism/complexity
Intelligibility & format Relevance Institutional barriers Belief systems Attitudes to change
E. B
oa
Knowledge Flow
Policy
Processes & Networks
Markets
GCARD: GCARD: agricultural agricultural research centred research centred on meeting on meeting development development needs of the poorneeds of the poor
Community innovation
loops
External information
pool
Scientific innovation
loops
Innovation
Learning
Sharing/
feedback
New external knowledge
Established information
Transformation
Community innovation
brokers
Local knowledge
base
Belief
Test under own
conditions
Result
Adoption
Share
Accessibility
Distillation
Mass media
Connecting science Connecting science & society& society
Institutional learning
Transformation
Accessing & Sharing
Transforming Information
Organizing collective actions
Catalysing enterprise
The role of the The role of the Innovation brokersInnovation brokersThe role of the The role of the Innovation brokersInnovation brokers
J.Vos
E. Boa
P. VanMele
Innovation pathways
Enabling environment & inputs
Desired development
outcome
GCARD: Knowledge is essential for development, GCARD: Knowledge is essential for development, but development requires more than knowledgebut development requires more than knowledge
Policies promoting
agriculturaldevelopment & innovation
Knowledge for allKnowledge for all
Overcome communication and trust barriers between science & society
ICM to integrate scientific and local innovation
Transform knowledge, change lives
Local innovation
Scientific innovation
External information
Empower change through knowledge
Breaking down the wallsBreaking down the walls
Community-centred, not technology-centred thinking
Innovative knowledge access & transformation systems
Stakeholders learning & innovating together, managing benefits & risks
Institutional reorientation & changed attitudes/values
Convergence of R&D, education and business policies and resources
joed
ale.
type
pad
Knowledge for All – Advocacy for...Knowledge for All – Advocacy for...
Investment in ICM as integral to research & extension
Recognition of ICM as an AR4D discipline
Restructuring institutions & promoting knowledge flow
Building institutional & inter-disciplinary connections
Integrating diverse forms of information, reflecting the needs of poor farmers
Knowledge for All - CapacitiesKnowledge for All - Capacities
Build on tools and technologies readily available to the poorest
Re-purpose data via ICTs to inform and empower smallholder farmers in their decisions
Cell phones/100 people
2003 2009
Developing 18 55 Developed 56 114 Internet/100 people Developing 5 18 Developed 40 65 Mobile broadband/100 Developing 3 Developed 39 Source ITU, 2010
Knowledge for All - AccessKnowledge for All - Access
Improve the coherence and integration of diverse information
Make information objects: text, pictures, datasets, models, video, radio etc. reusable and customizable for new purposes and contexts
‘Blended’ learning tools
CIARD – launch of a key step forwards http://www.ciard.net
0
200
400
600
800
1000
N'papers Radios TV Internet
Information access (per 1000 people)
Europe Low incomeITU, 2004
Knowledge for All - GovernanceKnowledge for All - Governance
Whose information is it? Accessibility and IP Capacities
How relevant is it for specific development needs? Women farmers, the poorest farmers...
Sharing knowledge – EGFAR, RSS feeds, blogs, policy papers
Develop national and regional agricultural information & learning systems
CIARD RING – mapping available information resources
Over to You...Over to You...
You have the tools to transform people’s lives through knowledge
Your actions are crucial You have the power to break down the
walls and barriers in agricultural research and extension and their institutions
Your Global Forum provides the mechanism and the opportunity...
Use it to change the world...
Thank YouThank You
www.egfar.orgwww.egfar.org