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The amount of media in the Web poses many scalability issues and among them copyright management. This problem becomes even bigger when not just the copyright of pieces of content has to be considered, but also media fragments. Fragments and the management of their rights, beyond simple access control, are the centrepiece for media reuse. This can become an enormous market where copyright has to be managed through the whole value chain. To attain the required level of scalability, it is necessary to provide highly expressive rights representations that can be connected to media fragments. Ontologies provide enough expressive power and facilitate the implementation of copyright management solutions that can scale in such a scenario. The proposed Copyright Ontology is based on Semantic Web technologies, which facilitate implementations at the Web scale, can reuse existing recommendations for media fragments identifiers and interoperate with existing standards. To illustrate these benefits, the papers presents a use case where the ontology is used to enable copyright reasoning on top of DDEX data, the industry standard for information exchange along media value chains.
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Semantic Copyright Management of Media Fragments
Roberto García, David Castellà, Rosa GilUniversitat de Lleida, Spain
DATA 20132nd International
Conference on Data Management
Technologies and Applications
29-31 July 2013Reykjavik, Iceland
12.04.2023 Slide 2 of 28
MediaMixerCommunity set-up and networking for the reMIXing of online MEDIA fragments
• FP7 Coordination Action– Started November 2012 – Create an European market for media
fragments re-purposing and re-sellingA history of G8 violence (© Reuters) http://slideshare.net/troncy/a-semantic-multimedia-web-create-annotate-present-and-share-your-media
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Introduction
• The MediaMixer project and community promote the use of semantic technologies for media mixing
• Real use cases and demos that showcase these technologies– Fragmenting media assets– Annotating them using semantic descriptions– Exposing these descriptions for fragment level search
and selection
– Representing rights information using a copyright ontology that integrates licenses, policies and rights expressions languages
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Producer checks reused media licenses vs. internal policies and agreements (with providers and rights holders)
Policy example: “…avoid media fragments showing violence when producing content for children”.
Problems:1.) Semantic annotation
a) For instance, automatically tagviolent content
2.) Rights Integrationa) Policies and agreements (unstructured documents) b) Media fragments licenses (rights expression languages)
3.) Intelligently detect conflicts
Example Use Case
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Current SituationIssues:• scalability
(mostly a manual process)
• conflicts detected too late (added costs)
• missed opportunities (media already available)
• …
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Proposals:Assisted Policy and Agreement Modelling• Model policies and
agreements• Formal model that
allows automatic integration and intelligence support
• Semantic model based on Copyright Ontology
• Editor with assistance guided by the ontology
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Policy and Agreement Modelling Assistant
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Media Fragments Ingestion
Provider offers media fragment:
• Content: automatic annotation
• Detect topics: Violence? Outdoors? Cars?...
• Rights:automatic translation of rights language to Copyright Ontology
• DDEX, ODRL, MPEG-21, Creative Commons…
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Semantic Annotation
9
• Transform whole videos to sets of meaningful, indexable and re-usable video fragments
Person, Snow, Trees, Building, Ski, …
Baseball, Throwing, Sports, Plant, Running, …
Kitchen, Indoor, Cake, …
…
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Semantic AnnotationMetadata
• Metadata for semantic annotation:– Descriptive metadata for media
characteristics– Provenance metadata to credit source
and specify rights– Conceptual metadata to reflect what
media is perceived to represent
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Conceptual Metadata
• Globally unambiguous identifiers for any concept needed– Ideally more information
about the concept itself is available via the identifier
– Use of Web URIs → Linked Data concept space
– Would allow for inference of concept type and relationship to other concepts
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Producer Proposed Workflow
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Semantic Data Exploration
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Implementation
• Rights, License and Policies implemented as Classes– Reproduction Right, Copy,
Copy Pattern for fragment #1,...
• Uses implemented as Instances– u: Peter copies media fragment #1
in the US on 2013-06-03 using…
• if u ∈ Copy Pattern thenpattern authorises u
Reproduction Right
Copy
Copyright
CopyPattern
u
?
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Pattern BuildingActions (“verbs”)
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Pattern BuildingCase Roles (from linguistics)
• Connect verbs to the action participants– Example: “The dog ate food”
initiator resource goal essence
Action agent, instrument result, patient,effector recipient theme
Process agent, matter result, patient,origin recipient theme
Transfer agent, instrument, experiencer, themeorigin medium recipient
Spatial origin path destination location
Temporal start duration completion pointInTime
Ambient reason manner aim, conditionconsequence
Subject, role “agent” Object, role “theme”
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DDEX Sample-08.04.xml<Deal>
<DealTerms><ValidityPeriod><StartDate>2013-01-01</StartDate></ValidityPeriod><Usage><UseType>OnDemandStream</UseType><DistributionChannelType>Internet</DistributionChannelType></Usage><TerritoryCode>ES</TerritoryCode><TerritoryCode>US</TerritoryCode></DealTerms>
</Deal>
Copyright Ontology Model<http://media.com/agreement#1> owl:Class;
co:start "2013-01-01" ;owl:intersectionOf (ddex:OnDemandStream [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty co:medium ;owl:someValuesFrom ddex:Internet ][ a owl:Restriction ;owl:onProperty co:location ;owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;owl:oneOf (territory:ES territory:US) ][ a owl:Restriction ;owl:onProperty co:theme ;owl:hasValue<http://my.tv/video.ogv#t=60,100> ]
]) .
Scenario
DDEX to RDF
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Scenario
Logical interpretation of a license model
Reasoning with DDEX
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Scenario
Reasoning with DDEX
Policy #1
Agreement #1
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reasoner = new Sesame(new OWLIM-SE_5.3())reasoner.loadOntologies()
> Loaded: iso3166a2.owl (territories), ddex.owl, copyrightonto.owl
reasoner.loadPolicy("NoStreamingInUS.owl")reasoner.loadLicense("DDEX_Sample-08.04.owl")use1 = new Use(use1URI, "user01", "OnDemandStream", "Internet",
"http://my.tv/video.ogv#t=60,100", "ES", "2013-04-19")
reasoner.load(use1)response = reasoner.isUsePermitted(use1URI)print response
> Authorised: http://mediamixer.eu/copyright/examples/agreement#1
use2 = new Use(use2URI, "user01", "OnDemandStream", "Internet","http://my.tv/video.ogv#t=60,100", "US", "2013-04-19")
reasoner.load(use2)response = reasoner.isUsePermitted(use2URI)print response
> Prohibited: http://mediamixer.eu/copyright/examples/policy#1
Scenario
License Checking Implementation
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@prefix co: <http://rhizomik.net/ontologies/2013/05/copyrightonto.owl#> . @prefix odrlv: <http://w3.org/ns/odrl/vocab#> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
<http://example.com/policy> a co:Agree ; co:agent <http://example.com/billie>, <http://example.com/sony> ; co:theme [ a owl:Class ; co:end "2012-12-31" ; co:start "0001-01-01" ; owl:intersectionOf (
[ owl:intersectionOf (odrlv:play [ owl:complementOf odrlv:mobile_ringtone ] ) ]
[ a owl:Restriction ;owl:hasValue <http://example.com/billie> ;owl:onProperty co:agent ][ a owl:Restriction ;owl:hasValue <http://example.com/music> ;owl:onProperty co:theme ] ) ] .
<http://example.com/sony:10> a co:Person .<http://example.com/music> a co:Creation .<http://example.com/billie> a co:Person .
ScenarioODRL Example from LCC Rights Reference Model Spec
Copyright Ontology license to text: “sony and billie Agree that billie play and not mobile ringtone music”.
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Creative Commons BY-SA ModelScenario
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• Following Linked Data principles, starting from just content ID (URI)…
Long term vision…
Content
URI
URI a ebucore:Image dct:title “EBU HQ” dct:copyright URI … H
TT
P G
ET
text/n3
HTTP GETimage/jpeg
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Linked Data for Worldwide Copyright Management?
Content
URI
URI a ebucore:Image dct:title “EBU HQ” dct:copyright URI …
HT
TP
GE
T
Agreement
URI
URI a co:Agreement co:agent URI co:theme … …
HT
TP
GE
T
Person
URI
URI a foaf:Person foaf:name “…” vcard:address … vcard:country URI
HT
TP
GE
T
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Get involved
• Join MediaMixer community to know more (http://community.mediamixer.eu):– discussions, use cases, demonstrators,
tutorials, presentations, software,…
More details:http://community.mediamixer.eu http://rhizomik.net/copyrightonto/
Roberto GarcíaUniversitat de Lleida, Spain
http://rhizomik.net/~roberto
Thank you for your attention
DATA 20132nd International
Conference on Data Management
Technologies and Applications
29-31 July 2013Reykjavik, Iceland
