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Semantic application: how to integrate information
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A semantic application
for Healthcare
Peter Scholten
How to build a semantic application
• What is the goal of a semantic application.
• Not only focused on known requirements, but also anticipate on unknown…’future’ settings.
Goal of semantic application
• Social medium (twitter, hyves, facebook etc Communication
• Discussion platform (Linkedin..)Business oriented
• Information mediumQuestions like….
Semantic web for Healthcare
What where to find
Benefits of the semantic web
• Finding resources more quickly and easily
• Storing corporate knowledge
• To generate new knowledge• Improve the Clinic’s ability to use patient data for
generating new knowledge to improve future patient care through outcomes-based and longitudinal clinical research.
• Cross sectional data analysis
Problems on internet
• Format• Language
– Homograph: group of words that share the same spelling but have different meanings
– Homonym: group of words that share the same spelling or pronunciation (or both) but have different meanings
– Synonym: different words with identical or at least similar meanings
– Polysemy: the capacity for a word to have multiple meanings
Need for new semantic “functions” for information and knowledge processing
Example Internet is collection documents with data mostly
represented in tabular form with different formats and dimension.
How to integrate information
Health Care Civilians
How to define
Relation care takers and care need
Relation care takers and care need depending living place
Relation care takers and care need of older people depending living place
Age
Living place
Age
Geographic distribution for care need
Geographic distribution for care need older then 65 years
Relation cardiologist and care takers older then 65 years
Relation family doctor and care takers region Brabant
• Find models on the webRFD/XML files
• Direct access to selected documentsSpecial Google search
• Built a model from scratchSQL versus relational databaseUse of inferencing
• Find models on the webRFD/XML files
• Direct access to selected documentsSpecial Google search
• Built a model from scratchSQL versus relational databaseUse of inferencing
Selected search internet: Demency
• Find models on the webRFD/XML files
• Direct access to selected documentsSpecial Google search
• Built a model from scratchSQL versus relational databaseUse of inferencing
Inferencing
Semantic web !
Example inferencing
x
zy
An Ontology• Defines
– a common vocabulary – a shared understanding– re-use of domain knowledge.
• Is an explicit description of a domain:– Concepts (classes, subclasses and superclasses)– properties and attributes of concepts – constraints on properties and attributes– Individuals (often, but not always)
joints
drugs
Health care informationmodel
Health care ontology
Metadata (individuals)
Metadata (individuals)
Metadata (individuals)
Metadata (individuals)
Metadata (individuals)
Define Classes and the Class Hierarchy
Description of domain by RDF
RDF: Resource Description Framework is a data model for representing metadata
(information about Resources = URI) in the World Wide Web.
Protégé: an ontology editor
• RDF• RDFS• OWL• SPARQL
A typical relational database table for books
The rows represent the things you are storing information about
The columns represent the properties or attributes of those things
the book has a title with value "Javascript"
the book has a title with value "Javascript"
subject has a property with object "value" (s,p,o)
This is the essence of RDF: the (s,p,o) triple
Any expression in RDF is a collection of triples
Relations Between Entities
RDF names things with URLs
Create different URLs to name different things
Any RDF can be merged with any other RDF
Storage of RDF’s in an XML document with the tag rdf:RDFThe content of an XML document is a number of descriptions, which use rdf:Description tags.
<rdf:RDFxmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"xmlns:mydomain="http://www.mydomain.org/my-rdf-ns">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cit.gu.edu.au/~db"> <mydomain:site-owner
rdf:resource=“#David Billington“/> </rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
rdfsRDFS is a vocabulary description language, using
– Classes and Properties– Class Hierarchies and Inheritance– Property Hierarchies
OWL/OWL2: A richer ontology language, disjointness, cardinality, characteristics of properties (SymmetricProperty, TransitiveProperty, and inverseOf, FunctionalProperty, InverseFunctional-Property, sameAs.)
Some RDFS inference rules
• (X R Y), (R subPropertyOf Q) (X Q Y)• (X R Y), (R domain C) (X type C)• (X type C), (C subClassOf D) (X type D)
(X type C), (C subClassOf D) (X type D)
Doctor
Surgeon Anaesthesist
rdfs: subClassOfrdfs: subClassOf
Rdf:type
If ?p rdf:type ?SurgeonIf ?Surgeon rdfs: subClassOf ? DoctorThen ?p rdf:type ?Doctor
(X R Y), (R subPropertyOf Q) (X Q Y)
worksFor
freeLancesTo isEmployedBy
rdfs: subPropertyOfrdfs: subPropertyOf
?p
If ?p freeLancesTo ?HospitalIf freeLancesTo rdfs: subPropertyOf worksForThen ?p worksFor ?Hospital
domain range
If P(PROPERTY) rdfs: domain D and x P Y then x rdf: type D
If P(PROPERTY) rdfs: range R and x P Y then y rdf: type R
?Hospital hasSpecialism ?Physician
?Physician hasCompetences ?Competences
Terminology transfer
Physician Specialismequivalent
? Physician rdfs: subClassOf ? Specialism
SPARQL
SPARQL (Query Language for RDF)
SELECT ?hospital ?PhysicianWHERE { ?hospital rdf:value ?distance. ?physician category ?cardiologist.
FILTER (?distance<=40). }
Searching internet
Input: symptomsOutput: Url’s for description symptoms
Searching internet
Input: symptomsOutput: Url’s for description symptoms
Searching internet
Input: diseases or medicineOutput: Url’s for description medicine and diseases
Searching internet
Input: diseases or medicineOutput: Url’s for description medicine and diseases
Searching internet
Input: professional or instituteOutput: address
Searching internet
Input: professional or instituteOutput: address
Searching internet Input: assistive device disabled persons Output: description and Url’s of assistive devices
Searching internet Input: assistive device disabled persons Output: description and Url’s of assistive devices
WhatWhere to find
description
detailed
Searching internet
Input: assistive need for older or disabled persons
• Aids for low-vision or blind persons• Aids for motor disabilities• Persons hard of hearing• Demency• COPD• Chronic diseases• Home care• Emergency service
Output: description and Url’s of assistive advice