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Seed Quality Enhancement for Unfavourable Conditions Credit seminar on 21 st November, 2015 Department of Seed science and Technology

Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

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Page 1: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Seed Quality Enhancement for

Unfavourable Conditions

Credit seminar on

21st November, 2015Department of Seed science and Technology

Page 2: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

• Introduction

• Definition

• Seed Quality Concept

• History

• Seed Quality Enhancement Techniques – Objectives

• Research Articles

• Conclusion

Overview of Seminar

Page 3: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

INTRODUCTION :

Although seed quality is governed by genetic make-up, the quality of seeds may

deteriorate in subsequent stages like harvesting, threshing, processing and

storage period.

Poor seed handling condition gives rise to deterioration of seed quality and

results in the loss of viability.

This greatly affects seed vigour, which ultimately gives poor performance in field

and the seed is not able to meet the quality standards prescribed for that crop.

Page 4: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

environmental conditions not favorable at the time of seed formation,

mishandling during harvesting, processing and storage and unfavorable storage

conditions with high moisture and temperature which increases seed ageing.

Hence, some physical and chemical operations are performed with the seeds

between processing to storage time to overcome these problems.

Seed enhancement improves hygiene and mechanical properties, breaking of

dormancy, synchronize germination, apply of nutrients and impart stress

tolerance.

Page 5: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Seed quality is the value of different attributes of seeds which contribute for realizing the total value of seed for which it is used.

SEED QUALITY

Page 6: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

SEED QUALITY ENHANCEMENT

Definition :

Post harvest treatment that improve germination or seedling

growth or facilitate the delivery of seeds and other materials required at

the time of sowing.

- Taylor et al., 1998).

Page 7: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Seed Quality

Genetic

Physical

Physiological

Health

Pre-harvest Factors

Harvest & Post-harvest Factors

Environmental

Factors

Harvest

Sowing

Sowing

Seed qualityEnhancement

SEED QUALITY CONCEPT – AGARWAL 1992

Page 8: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Where & When It Is Needed :

Problematic seed

High value seed

Specific planting technique

Biotic stresses

Direct seeding

Adverse climatic conditions

Page 9: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

HISTORY

Recorded references in Vedas and Bible

Coated and pelleted seeds traced in Egyptian pyramids

China farmers use to coat paddy seeds with mud balls while sowing in

flooded fields

Our ancestors use to practice it.

Application of ash, mud or cow dung slurry on seeds. Acc.to Theophrastus pre-soaked cucumber seeds in milk / water germinated quicker.

Page 10: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

10

Objectives of Seed Quality Enhancement Technology :

Reduced seed rate. Early emergence and reduced time of emergence under stress

conditions . Supply of growth regulators/ nutrients/ beneficial microbes. Better nursery management. Helps seedling to dominate weeds in competition for nutrition. Field stand and uniformity. Minimum exposure to toxicant. Direct seeding of conventionally transplanted vegetable seeds. High turnover.

Page 11: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

7 SEED TECHNOLOGIES :

Page 12: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Seed Enhancement Techniques Classification :

PHYSIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES PHYSICAL TECHNIQUES

SEED HYDRATION/HARDENING

PRE HYDRATION PRIMING

SEED FORTIFICATION SEED INFUSION

HYDROPRIMING

HALO PRIMING

OSMOPRIMING

SOLID MATRIX PRIMING

BIO PRIMING

SEED COATING NANO TECHNOLGY

NANO PRIMING

SEED TAPESEED MATE

IRRADIATION SEED PROCESSING

SYNTHETIC SEED

SEED COLORING

FILM COATING

PELLETING

ENCRUSTING

Page 13: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

It is the process of soaking seeds in water or diluted solution of growth regulating compounds to induce early germination, better root growth and seedling growth and also enhances the yield potential of the crop.

1. Pre-hydration [ a). Seed fortification b). seed infusion ]

2. Priming [a). Osmo Priming b). Halo priming c). Bio priming

c). Hydro priming d). Solid Matrix Priming or matri conditioning]

- Halmer 2006.

TYPES OF HYDRATIONS

SEED HYDRATION TECHNOLOGY :

Page 14: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

SEED QUALITY ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES

Most are used extensively in high value, low-volume horticulture/

ornamental crops.

Film coating also widely used in high volume agronomic species (e.g. cotton,

maize, canola, sunflower) in combination with high value seed treatments.

Use of coatings well established in small-seeded legumes and some turf

species

Priming techniques used more commonly as seed value increases.

- Halmer 2006

Page 15: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

1. PRE-HYDRATION :

Seed hydration is the process of soaking seeds in water or dilute solution

of growth regulating compounds to induce early germination, better root growth

and seedling growth and also enhances the yield potential of the crop variety. It is

of two types.

A). SEED FORTIFICATION :

It is pre hydration technique where seeds are soaked either in water or

dilute solution of bioactive chemicals such as micro nutrients, growth regulators,

vitamins and seed protectants.

Page 16: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

B). SEED INFUSION :

It is a method of impregnation of seeds with bioactive chemicals

through organic solvents instead of water this technique of infusion which helps

to avoid the damage caused to the seed due to soaking in water. Hence this

method is highly suitable to the seeds that suffer from soaking or seed coat

injury (pulses).

Page 17: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

It is based on the principle of controlled imbibition, to a level that

permits pre germination metabolism to proceed, but prevents actual emergence of

radical. It is of following types.

A ). HYDRO PRIMING (DRUM PRIMING):

It is achieved by continuous or successive addition of a limited amount of

water to the seeds. A drum is used for this purpose and the water can also be

applied by humid air. 'On-farm steeping' is the cheep and useful technique that is

practiced by incubating seeds (cereals, legumes) for a limited time in warm water.

2. PRIMING :

Page 18: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Treatment usually involves immersion or percolation (up to 30⁰C for several

hrs.), followed by draining and drying back to near original SMC.

Short ‘hot-water steeps’ (thermotherapy), typically 50⁰C for 10 to 30 min, are

used to disinfect or eradicated certain seed borne fungal, bacterial, or viral

pathogens; extreme care, precision needed to avoid loss of seed quality.

- Halmer 2006

Seed lots are tumbled in a rotating cylindrical drum for even hydration, aeration temperature controlled.

- Drum Priming – Browse 1996.

Hydro Priming - “Steeping”

Page 19: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

DRUM PRIMING / HYDRO PRIMING – ROWSE 1996

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B). HALO PRIMING :

Halo priming involves the use of salts of chlorides, sulphates, nitrates etc.

This priming makes seeds to improve their performance under salt stressed

conditions.

C). BIO PRIMING :

It is a process of biological seed treatment that refers to combination of

seed hydration (physiological aspect of disease control) and inoculation (biological

aspect of disease control) of seed with beneficial organism to protect seed with the

help of beneficial fungi and bacteria.

Page 21: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT/BIOPRIMING

• One of the best alternate to chemical method.

• Uses various Biocontrol agents.

• Provides protection to seed forming coat of antagonists

• Safe for environment and human health.

Page 22: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Hydration of

seedsBio-agents

Bio-primingOf

seeds

Bio-priming is nothing, its just….

Layer of biocontrol agent is applied over the seed surface as protective coating.

Page 23: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

• Synonymous term to Biological seed treatment.

• In broader sense it is an ecological approach and an effective alternative to

chemical control unique from chemical seed treatments by their utilization of

living microorganisms.

BIO-PRIMING ..

Page 24: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Trichoderma viridae

Trichoderma harzianum

Trichoderma hamatum

Gliocladium roseum

Chaetomium bostrycoides

Common Fungal Antagonists Used in Biopriming.

Page 25: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Pseudomonas fluroscence

Pseudomonas aureofaciens

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Serratia polymuthica

Pseudomonas chlororaphis

Bacillus subtilis

Common Bacterial Antagonists used in Biopriming.

Page 26: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

PROCEDURE

Mix the formulated product of bio-agent with the pre-

soaked seeds at the rate of 10 g per kg seed.

Pre-soak the seeds in water for 12 h.

Put the treated seeds as a heap.

Cover the heap with a moist jute sack to maintain high humidity.

Incubate the seeds under high humidity for about 48 h at approximately 25–32 °C.

Bio-agent adhered to the seed grows on the seed surface under moist condition to form a protective layer all around the seed coat.

Page 27: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Non bio-primed rice seed Bio-primed rice seed

Page 28: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

D). OSMO PRIMING :

Osmo conditioning is the standard priming technique. Seeds are incubated

in well aerated solutions with a low water potential, and afterwards washes and

dried. The low water potential of the solutions can be achieved by adding osmotica

like mannitol, polyethylene glycol (PEG) etc.

E). SOLID MATRIX PRIMING OR MATRI CONDITIONING :

It is the incubation of seeds in a solid, insoluble matrix with a limited

amount of water. This method confers a slow imbibition. Matric carriers are

Calcinated clay, Vermiculite, Peat Moss, Sand, Micro-Gel, etc.

Page 29: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

SEED COATING :

Application of coating substance to the seed to enhance seed placement and performance with out altering shape or placing chemicals on the seed coat which regulate and improve germination.

- Copeland & McDonald 2001.

Page 30: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Enables accurate and even dose of chemicals and reduces chemical wastage.

Improve the appearance and dust free handling.

To apply fungicides, insecticides, micronutrients directly to seed.

Allow easy flow of seed in automatic seeding.

Act as a temperature switch and water intake regulator.

DISADVANTAGES OF COATING :

Coated seeds fetch high cost, than the bare seeds

Improper coating and improper dilution of coating material may deteriorate the whole seed lot.

ADVANTAGES OF SEED COATING :

Page 31: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

TYPES OF COATING

Seed Coatings :

It is the coating applied to the seed that does not obscure its shape. It may be fungicide, microbiological treatments and micronutrients

Its major benefit is that the seed enhancement material is directly placed on the seed as compared to the broad casting.

Film Coatings :

It’s a sophisticated process of applying precise amount of active ingredients in form of thin film along with the liquid material directly on to the seed surface without obscuring its shape.

- (Copeland and Mc Donald, 2001)

Page 32: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

STEPS IN SEED COATING TECHNIQUES :

Seed polymer coating

Polymer+Active ingredients(F+I)

Polymer coated seed

Seed coloring

Natural/synthetic dyes

Colored seed

Seed pelleting

Adhesives

Filler material

Active ingredients

Pelleted seed

Page 33: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

ADVANTAGES OF FILM COATING :•Increased flowability in the planter caused by better "slippage" between individual seeds.

•Increased visibility of seed in the soil.

•Seed treatment identification by using different colorants.

•Dustless planting conditions (encapsulated pesticides).

Plant protectants that inhibit germination may not be used because of inadequate separation between the seed and the active chemical.

Seed size and shape and weight are not altered sufficiently to make a dramatic difference in plant ability.

DISADVANTAGES OF FILM COATING:

Page 34: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

BATCH SEED FILM COATING

- (Encyclopedia of Seeds 2006)

Page 35: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

SEED PELLETING :

It is the process of enclosing a seed with a small quantity of inert material just large enough to facilitate precision planting

OrIt is the mechanism of applying needed materials is such a way that

they affect the seed or soil at the seed soil interference.

- (Halmer,2006).

Why inert material?

It creates natural water holding media and provide small amount of nutrients to younger seedlings.

-(Halmer,2006).

Page 36: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

PELEETING OF SEED – DRUM PAN

Seed in rotating drum is wetted, and blends of powered materials (e.g. chalk, clays,

perlite, lime, peat, talc) plus water-attracting or hydrophobic materials are

progressively added, along with more water, until desired pellet wt. or size increase

is achieve.

Wet-coated seed then dried with heated air, usually in separate equipment.

- (Halmer, 2006)

-( Encylopedia of Seeds -2006 )

Page 37: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

PELLETING VS. ENCRUSTING

Encrusting ( ‘Minipelleting’ or ‘coating’) applies less material, so the original seed shape is still (more or less) visible.

Seed pelleting and encrusting techniques were commercially developed in the past 40-50 years, using techniques from the pharmaceutical industries.

- (Halmer, 2006)

Page 38: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

FILMCOATING, ENCRUSTING AND PELLETING – ONION SEED

- (Encyclopedia of Seeds, 2006)

Page 39: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Improvement of seed vigour

Seed invigoration- Priming

Seed coating

Seed pelleting

Seed conditioning

Page 40: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Onion Seed Coatings

Pelleted Seed Non- Coated Seed

Film Coating Encrusting

Page 41: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

SELECTION OF PELLETING MATERIAL :

Pelleting materials must be porous to allow movement of air to the seed.

The coating must weaken or breakdown when it comes in contact with soil moisture to prevent any physical impedance to seed germination.

Material used must not have any toxicity to the seed.

It must be possible to apply the coating on commercial basis.

Page 42: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

ADHESIVE MATERIAL :

• Binding materials used for maintaining perfect physical integrity of coating.

• The type of adhesive highly influences during handling, transport and planting operations of the pellets

FILLER MATERIAL :

• Filler materials for pelleting should be beneficial and harmless to both seed and the rhizosphere.

• The particle size is important for resistant coating on the seed material.

Page 43: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

PELLETING MATERIAL :

ClaylimestoneCalcium carbonate VermiculateTamarind leaf powder

Gum Arabic

Gelatin

Methyl cellulose

polyvinyl alcohol

Maida / starch gruel

Along with Inoculants, Growth regulators & Fungicides etc.

FILLER MATERIALS

ADHESIVE

Page 44: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

CHARACTERS OF FILLER MATERIAL :

It should be non toxic.

Friendly to both seed, adhesive and environment.

Easily available for commercial production.

Low cost.

Page 45: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

SEED PELLETING PROCESS :

adhesive seed

Coating of seed with adhesive

Filler material

Filler material sprinkled on coated seeds

Pelleted seeds

Shade drying

sowing

Page 46: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

TYPES OF SEED PELLETING :

Type Material UsedInnoculant Pelleting

BiofertilizerViz., Rhizobia, PSB, Azospirillum, Azatobactor, VAM

Protective Coating

Biocontrol agents like Rhizobacteria bataticola, Bacillus sp. Streptomycis sp., pesticides, fungicides.

Herbicide Coating

Filler antidote or absorbent coating, Herbicide antidote like 1.8 napthalic anhydride (NA)

Nutrient Coating

Coating with micro and macronutrients eg.ZnSo4, FeSo4, Borax

Hydrophillic Coating

Starch graft polymers, magnesium carbonate

Oxygen Supplier Coating

Peroxides of zinc and calcium

Page 47: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

ADVANTAGES OF SEED PELLETING :

• Increase in size.• Singling of seed by prevention of clogging.• Precision planting.• Attraction of moisture.• Supply of growth regulators, nutrients.• Stimulation of germination.• Influence of micro-environment.• Saving of chemicals/fertilizers applied to soil.• Supply of oxygen.• Reduces seed rate.• Uniform field establishment.• Increase yield.• Remedy for sowing at problematic soils.• Protection from birds, animals and insects.

Page 48: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

POLYMER SEED COATING AND COLOURING :

What is it?

It means the application of physical and chemical agents to the seed in order to enhance the Physical, Physiological, Biochemical and health qualities of seed.

A seed coating is the substance applied to seed that does not obscure its shape.

Major benefit of coating is that the seed enhancement material is placed directly on to the seed.

Polymer coating is normally used to apply a thin, uniform layer of polymer.

The polymer forms a flexible film that adheres & protects the fungicide, preventing dusting off and loss of fungicide during handling.

Page 49: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Seed + polymer + coloring pigments + binder + a.i.

Seed coating/seed film coating

Value added seed

STEPS IN POLYMER COATING

Page 50: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

IDEAL TRAITS OF SEED COATING POLYMER

• Be a water based polymer

• Have a low viscosity range

• Have a high concentration of solids

• Have an adjustable hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance

• Form a hard film upon coating.

Page 51: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

NATURAL DYES

• Beetroot• Opuntia• Turmeric• Henna• Marigold• Jamun

SYNTHETIC DYES• Copper sulphate• Bromocresol green• Congo red• Turquoise blue• Rhodomine –B• Potassium permanganate

MATERIALS USED :

Page 52: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

NANO PRIMING :

Nanoparticles (microscopic particle with at least one dimension less than 100 nm) used for priming with an object to increasing, germination percentage, seedling growth and seedling vigour

Nano priming enhance germination percentage, seedling dry weight , seedling vigour at 0.02% TiO2 solution in green gram (Kasra et al.,2011)

Page 53: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

NANO PARTICLES FOR SEED TREATMENT :

Tomato seedlings growing in a (Carbon Nano Tube) CNT-enriched soil showed

enhanced growth due to increased water uptake caused by penetration of CNT.

This principle can be utilized to use CNT as vehicle to deliver desired molecules

either nutrient or biocides into the seeds during germination.

Increases imbibition rates by increasing Seed coat permeability.

Increased seedling shoot and root length.(American Seed Research Foundation)

Page 54: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

SEED TAPE :

Seed tape is important for small, short

supply and high cost seed (carrot,

cabbage, beet, lettuce, spinach and

ornamental floral crops)

Seed tapes are an easy way to plant a row

of seeds with precision spacing.

It is more beneficial in smaller seeds as

singling resulted through seed tape helps

in reducing the cost and waste of seeds.

It also reduces the problem of thinning

and gap filling in seeds.

Planting Carrot Using Seed Tape

Page 55: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

SEED MATS :

Seed mat is made of predominantly of

plant fiber material or a loose mulch

made of wood fiber or recycled

newspaper designed to keep the seed in

place, maintain moisture to promote

germination and seedling establishment.

Its permit root development through the

mat into the soil, and reduce weed seed

germination and development

Page 56: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Less labor need, real value of money.

Reduced nursery area 100 m2 to plant 1 ha.

Shorter period of raising seedlings (18-20 cm tall with 4 leaves) produced within 15 DAS.

Easy transport of seedling-mats to main field.

Easy separation of seedlings for transplanting (minimum root damage) Preferred for mechanical transplanting.

Continuous supply of fresh &healthy vegetables, off-season sowing, weed suppressor, uniform growth multi cutting.

Why Seed Mat’es ???

Page 57: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

01H2O2 Pre – Treatment for Seed enhancement In

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

V. Santhy⃰, M. Meshram, R. Wakde, P.R.Vijayakumari Division of Crop Improvement, Central Institute of Cotton Research,

Nagpur,Maharashtra, India. Received 15th April, 2013; Accepted 3rd June, 2014.

Study was taken up to study the effect of H2O2 on germination under

moisture stress in comparison with KCl (Potassium Chloride) treatment

and water treatment & untreated control.

Page 58: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Results suggested that seed priming with H2O2 at 80 mM is an effective

method of obtaining superior germination and seedling growth under

moisture stress condition.

Lower values for Electrical Conductivity(EC) of seed leachates released

during germination in the H2O2 treated seeds because it increases the

membrane stability of treated seeds.

And also an increase in activities of anti-oxidants viz. Peroxidase,

Catalase and Malate Dehydrogenase was also observed supporting the

positive role of H2O2 in enhancing the seed germination in cotton.

In This aspect seeds are Primed with H2O2 @ 80 mM , with Kcl @ 2%

and also with water.

Page 59: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Seed Material : Premium cotton seed with boll guard insect protection

gene incorporated (Bt gene) into it and treated with Imidacloprid was used.

These seeds were further treated (Primed )with Kcl @ 2% , H2O2 @ 80 mM,

and with water by spraying over seeds uniformly followed by quick drying

used for further studies.

Experiments :Germination under controlled conditions :

Germination test was carried out using 50 seeds each in 4 replications

placed on rolled paper towels and incubated at 25 c for 7 days. After final ⁰count they observed shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight.

Materials and Methods :

Page 60: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Germination under Moisture stress conditions :

The pots are filled with FYM + sand +clay soil. 15 seeds were carefully

placed in the pots during extreme summer month of the year.

Seed Quality Assessment by Solute leakage ( EC) .

Volatile aldehydes released was determined spectrophotometrically.

Activity assessment of major enzymes involved in germination.

Page 61: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Results and Discussions :Effect Of Treatment on growth under controlled conditions

Treatment Shoot length(cm)

Root length(cm)

Fresh Weight(g)

Dry Weight(g)

H2O2 7.4 14.43 1.445 0.265

Kcl 7.05 12.41 1.415 0.255

Water 6.99 10.94 1.365 0.245

Control 6.07 10.18 1.295 0.205

Seedling root length increased to 14cm for H2O2 treatment.

12cm for Kcl treatment.

10cm for H2O treatment.

Page 62: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Treatment Shoot length(cm)Normal

Shoot length(cm)Stress

Fresh Weight(g)Normal

Fresh Weight(g)Stress

Dry weight(g)Normal

Dry Weight(g)Stress

H2O2 10.966 8.533 4.200 3.066 0.916 o.416

Kcl 10.700 8.33 3.863 2.866 0.900 0.413

H2O 9.166 6.20 3.000 1.666 0.470 0.310

Control 8.300 4.966 2.933 1.666 0.453 0.260

Effect of Treatment on seedling growth traits under Normal & Stress Conditions.

Page 63: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

The Germination uniformity was found higher for H2O2 treated

seeds . The superiority of H2O2 was evident on 5th & 7th days too

with significantly highest germination over other treatments.

Conclusion :

Finally they conclude seed priming with H2O2 @ 80 mM is

convenient method of seed priming to improve germination and better

plant stand under moisture stress conditions.

Page 64: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

02Development of polymeric seed coats for seed quality enhancement of soybean(Glycine max )

JITENDRA KUMAR1, K .NISAR2, M.B. ARUN KUMAR3, SURESH WALIA4, N.A. SIHAKIL5, RAJENDER PRASAD6 and BALRAJ S PARMAR7 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi I10 012. Received: 23 March 2007.

Twelve polymers-based and 1 clay-based seed coats were prepared and

compared with the commercial formulation of Thiram 75 DS for seed quality

enhancement of soybean seed under storage.

‘Clay Bentonite’ used for the clay coating.

They used 12 different polymers for polymer coating.

Page 65: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

The polymer-coated seeds in general deteriorated at a slower rate compared

with the control and revealed high germination percentage over the control.

Apparently the coats acted as barriers to the moisture and checked the

deterioration of seed. These also prevented the proliferation of storage fungi

over an elevated period.

Among all the polymers, polyethy1 methacrylate, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl

pyrrolidone were found to be significantly superior in maintaining the soybean

seed quality during storage

These products were useful in improving the storability of the seed by checking

the fungal infestation and enhancing the overall seed quality during storage.

Page 66: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Materials and Methods : 12 different polymers, clay bentonite, Thiram 75DS Sodium lignosulfonate and

sodium lauryl sulfate were used as surfactants and binders for the preparation of

seed coats.

Soybean seed (400 g) was kept in the tumbler and the seed treatment

composition as prepared above was added to it. The seed is tumbled until it is

coated with the seed treatment composition. The coated seeds were immediately

transferred to an aluminum foil where the seeds were spread uniformly and

separated manually to prevent clogging.

Thiram 75 DS, Th-75, (1.2 g) was dissolved in water (5 ml) in 25 ml beaker and

transferred to the tumbler containing soybean seed (400 g). The seed were

further processed as per the method used for polymeric seed coats.

After coating the seed with test seed coats, the suitability of different polymers for

seed coating was assessed based on the effect on the different seed quality

parameters, viz.germination, vigour, moisture, longevity and health.

Page 67: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Moisture content of the seeds was estimated by using oven drying method.103 c ⁰for 17 hr. as per ISTA 1999.

Seed health was estimated by using Blotter method.

Results and Discussions :

Seed Quality Assessment :

Compatibility of the seed with formulations: The formulations used for coating

sholud not have any deletorious effect on seeds. Otherwise it give abnormal

seedlings.

Germination : Germination percentage of seeds reduced over a period of 6 months

storage period both in coated and non-coated seed. Percent germination reduced

drastically in case of non-coated seed i.e 89% to 61%.

Page 68: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

But seed coated with Bentonite and polymer based formulations retained better germ

inability well above that of non-coated seed. Seed coated with Poly ethylmetha cry

late showed significantly highest germination(95.0%) and highest germintion % that

is 83% compared to other treatments.

Vigour :After 6 months storage period Poly ethylmethacry late recorded highest

vigour index(20392.0), followed by Polyvinyl pirrolidone (18494.0) and Poly vinyl

acetate(18422.0).

Seed Moisture : MC was found to increased in both the conditions. The MC varied

between 10.0% - 13.93% in different test samples. The increase was gradual incase

of coated seeds where as a steep increase was observed in control.

Seed Health : The percent infected seeds have increased rapidly from 17.00% -

41.67% in the control compared to treated seed.

Page 69: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Statistical Analysis :It was observed that the moisture content of seed revealed significant negative

correlation with seed germination (0.8776), seed vigour (0.7240).

Conclusion :Finally conclude that Polymer coated seed deteriorate slower rate than other and

revealed highest germination %. Because the coated seed act as barrier to the

moisture and checked the deterioration of seed. These are also prevented from the

proliferation of storage fungi over a elevated storage period.

Page 70: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

Conclusion The productions and timely supply of quality seeds to the farmers are most

crucial and challenges the technology. Good quality seed acts as a catalyst for

realizing the potential of all other inputs in agriculture. Without good seed, the

investment on fertilizers, water, pesticides and other inputs will not pay the

desired dividends. Therefore, production of quality seed and maintenance of

high germination is of utmost significance in the seed program. In this way,

seed enhancements technology has a core objective plays a significant role in

improvising the seed performance.

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Discussions

Page 72: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

YO

Any ‘Q’??Than

Page 73: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

REFERENCES Copeland, L. O. and M. B. McDonald. 1995. Principles of Seed Science and Technology.

Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Halmer, P., 2003. “Enhancing seed performance for better yield and quality”.

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soy bean. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 77 (11) 738-743.

Page 74: Seed enhancement credit seminar -by jagadeesh vdr

WE NEED………..

_Presented by_Jagadeesh Varada

RAM-14-53Department of Seed Science

and Technology

Food security Food safety Food quality Food

sustainability