Student’s Name/ ID Student’s Name/ ID ： ： Yuri 9722616 Yuri 9722616 Betty 9722609Betty 9722609 Vivian 9722607Vivian 9722607

InstructorInstructor ：： Philip LinPhilip LinDateDate ：： Dec. 1, 2008Dec. 1, 2008

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Q1 ： What are (a) attribution theory and self-efficacy(b) willingness to communicate(c) inhibition?

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Definition of attribution

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Two factors of four expressions for success and/or failure

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Example: Failure to get a high grade on a final exam

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Definition of self-efficacy

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When falling of one’s personal goals

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About self-efficacy1. It is essential for learners to believe in

themselves in order to succeed at a set of tasks.

2. The most important roles of successful teachers is to facilitate high levels of self-efficacy in their students.

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Definition of WTC“The intention to initiate communication, given a choice.”

(MacIntyre, 2001)

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About WTC1. WTC has its roots in a learner’s first

language communication patterns.2. Higher levels of WTC were associated with

learners’ social support experience, particularly from friends, offering further evidence of the power of socially constructed conception of self.

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Cognitive and affective factors that determine one’s WTC

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Definition of inhibitionClosely related to and in some cases subsumed under the notion of self-esteem is the concept of inhibition. All human beings, in their understanding of themselves, build sets of defenses to protect the ego.

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The human egos of inhibition

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The experiment of inhibition

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The conclusion of inhibitionAnyone who has learned a foreign language is acutely aware that second language learning actually necessitates the making of mistakes.

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