IMRAD

The Format for Scientific Writing

What is IMRAD?

Title Contact info Abstract, keywords Body of paper:

Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion

Acknowledgements Literature Cited

Why is it used?

Allows experts to rapidly scan through thousands of journal articles to find relevant material.

Allows readers to quickly find what interests them.

Title, Contact info, Abstract, Keywords

Contact info – of authors

Abstract – summary of IMRAD

Keywords – used for search engines

Introduction

Previous studiesQuestion, Hypothesis

Materials and Methods

What was doneWith whatHow

Results

Data:

Figures and

tablesNo

interpretation

Discussion

Reasons for resultsCompare with other

studiesFuture studies

AcknowledgementsLiterature Cited

FundingReviewers

Primary sources