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Workshop FHI 14/21 Oct 2014
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Today
• Rhetorical situations
• Sequencing
• Example: Michael Pawlyn
• Skills
• Example – your choice
• Guiding the audience
• Visual design
• Practice w. charts
• Example: Hans Rosling
Next week
• Present your prepared chart
• Introduce your presentation
• Tell a story from your field of
research
• Handle Q&A
• Recordings, watch them, peer
and teacher feedback
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Workshop plan
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4
http://asbmbenzymatic.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/20110409_asbmb_237_045.jpg
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http://www.whitestoneshaping.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Snoozer_426x282_thumb.jpg
• Introducing yourself to a group
• Introducing someone else
• Presenting research to professors for assessment
• Interrupting a lecturer
• Asking a question in Q&A
• Teaching non-experts or younger students
• Pitching: Selling your concept to sponsors
6 Rhetorical situations
What causes you anxiety? Why?
Rhetorical orientation
Communication
7 Practice
Performance
Shifting to communication will help you overcome anxiety
Stories about research
Michael Pawlyn
Eden Project bubble dome, biomimicry specialist
TED Salon 2010:
Using nature’s genius in architecture
Watch the first minutes and answer:
• What examples does he begin with?
• What details does he highlight? Why?
• How does he follow up to lead into his presentation?
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Michael Pawlyn:
Using nature’s genius in architecture
9 Sequencing
http://youtu.be/3QZp6smeSQA
Stories about research
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Communicate conceptsDaniel Pink
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Daniel Pink, A Whole New Mind, 2005
How do we sequence scientific
information?
12 sequencing
Introduction – Methods – Results – Discussion
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Sequencing information:
What does your audience expect?
Scientific presentation
Background and methods
come before the results
Scientific information
(“facts”) is inherently
uncertain
Describing the complex
technical issues is proof of
your competence.
Popular presentation
Facts and results are more
important than background or
methods
The discovery of new
information is what is
interesting
Reducing complexity is proof
of your competence.
13Tell a story to match their expectations
Report structure
Summary
Contents
IntroductionAims and objectives,
methods, definitions,
background, thesis
Main bodyLogical sections, figures,
diagrams, charts, results,
discussion
ConclusionsSummary, significance,
revisit thesis, outlook,
recommendations
Bibliography
Appendices
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http://madefromscratch.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/banana-layer-cake.jpg
StorytellingNancy Duarte
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http://youtu.be/GY3u6QuZXEs
Story cycles
Robert McKee
1. Build tension: the problem
2. Provide release: the solution
3. Celebrate the releasethe results
4. Repeat
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17 Skills
The communication funnel
What you plan to sayWhat you actually say
What they really hear
What they understand
What they remember
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We remember:
• words at the beginning and end
• repeated words and phrases
• contextually unusual words
We are influenced by:
• consistently scientific facts and methods
• authentic authority and charisma
• our shared common sense
Fill the funnel wisely
Telling a story about research
Watch a presenter on TED (ca. 18 minutes)
• What areas does he/she explore in the presentation?
• What makes them relevant?
• What is his/her perspective?
• What specific questions does he/she ask?
• What are his/her findings?
• Note down examples.
• How is all of this relevant?
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Your choice
Watch a presenter on TED (ca. 18 minutes)
• Ralf Dunbar, geoscientist: Discovering ancient climates in
oceans and ice
• Michel Laberge, plasma physicist: How synchronized
hammer strikes could generate nuclear fusion
• Angela Belcher, head of the Biomolecular Materials Group
at MIT: Using nature to grow batteries
• Jonathan Trent, nanotechnologist at NASA: Energy from
floating algae pods
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Storytelling: Summarize research
• What (often: three) areas does the speaker explore?
• Why are they relevant?
• What approach/ perspective does he/she take?
• What are his/her specific questions?
• What are his/her findings in general?
• Can you give an example?
• How is this relevant?
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22 Practice
Skills
Feedback
23 Practice
1. Clear structure, logical
sequence, leads audience,
memorable words and phrases
2. Purpose of talk clear, creates
rapport with audience, responds
to audience, checks
understanding
3. Speaks clearly, intelligibly,
loudly enough,
repeats/visualizes names,
pauses for emphasis
4. Body language, non-verbal
communication, practical use of
media, relaxed presence
Guiding your audience
Use signposting to guide your listeners:
1. Tell them what you’re going to say
2. Say it (and tell them that you are saying it)
3. Tell them what you have said
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Signpost in the introduction
25 Practice
Ok, let‘s get started
Morning, everyone
As you know,...
What I want to do today is...
We‘re going to look at...
Today I‘m going to tell you about...
After that we‘ll discuss/ look at...
So I‘ll begin by outlining....
And then I‘ll go on to highlight...
Finally we‘ll explore the question of
whether...
First I‘ll give you an overview of...
The talk will take about...
I‘ll be happy to answer your questions at the end OR anytime during my talk.
Signal during the presentationTo move on To turn to To go back
To expand on To elaborate on To digress for a
moment
To summarize To recap To conclude
26 Practice
What do you say if you want
to go into more depth?
to follow a tangent?
to move to a different part?
to review?
to end?
“Let me just expand on that”; “To elaborate on that,”
“To digress for a moment,…”
“To turn to…”; “Now let’s move on (to…)”;
“To go back to what I was saying earlier”
“Let me recap:…”; “So, to summarize”
“To conclude, …”
Visual design
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Visual
Story
Delivery
Presentation
Ecosystem
stories
structure
theme
graphic design
words to pictures
fonts, colors…
interact
adjust pace
handouts
switch to board
context
eye flow
Message
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We process
only 120-150
words per minute
Use information-
rich images
instead
Reduce cognitive load
Use the power of “small multiples”Edward Tufte
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Smallmult.png
Back up all assertions with visual evidenceMichael Alley
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Michael Alley
The Craft of Scientific Presentations
Springer 2003
Rethinking the Design of Powerpoint Slides
http://www.writing.engr.psu.edu/slides.html
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Headline 44 pt
Caption at least 16 pt
Use sans serif font
Show one or contrast 2 images
Label legibly
Acknowledge sources in 10 pt
Source: The Oceanographic Society
Scientifically Speaking. 2005.
http://www.tos.org/pdfs/sci_speaking.pdf
KISS
Practice referring to visuals
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Have a look at...
As you can see from...
What you can tell when you compare the two is that...
You‘ll notice that...
You may notice that...
Take a closer look and you will see that...
And down here you‘ll see...
I‘d like to draw your attention to one or two interesting details here.
It seems quite clear from this that...
The x-axis shows…
If you compare the two you will see that…
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Conveying meaning
Hans Rosling: 200 countries, 200 years, 4 minutes
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo
How does Hans Rosling do it?
1. How many points of reference
on the axes?
2. What are his variables?
3. Does he introduce and
describe each variable?
4. How does he help us process
the information?
5. How does he reinforce the
graphic?
6. How does he link the past and
the future?
7. What does he explain verbally?
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How does Hans Rosling do it?
1. How many points of reference
on the axes?
2. What are his variables?
3. Does he introduce and
describe each variable?
4. How does he help us process
the information?
5. How does he reinforce the
graphic?
6. How does he link the past and
the future?
7. What does he explain verbally?
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Six points
country, life expectancy, income,
population, and time
yes
takes 'snapshots' of the data
body language 'mirrors' the graphic
summarizes findings, shows trends
lets the data 'speak' for itself,
explains the causes and effects
Task: Visualize a key assertion
Consider:
• Your audience and situation/ media?
• Scientific objective/problem, method of solution?
• Findings: Assertion, evidence/ chart?
• Example/ story?
To do:
• Design a slide
• Prepare an introduction
• Tell a story about the research
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Tell a story from a field of research
• What area does your paper explore?
• What makes this relevant?
• What is the chosen perspective and method?
• What specific questions do the authors ask?
• What are their findings?
• Note down examples and points for discussion.
• How is all of this relevant?
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LiteratureScientific Communication
• Abela, Andrew (2008). Advanced presentations by design: Creating communication that drives action. San
Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer; http://www.extremepresentation.com/
• Alley, Michael (2013/2) The Craft of Scientific Presentations. Springer.
• Duarte, Nancy (2010) resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences. Wiley.
• Duarte, Nancy (2008) slide:ology: The Art and Science of Creating Great Presentations. O'Reilly Media.
• McKee, Robert & Fryer, Bronwyn (2003) Storytelling That Moves People. Harvard Business Review June. Reprint
R0306B http://hbr.org/2003/06/storytelling-that-moves-people/
• Reynolds, Garr (2011, 2nd edition) Presentation Zen. Simple Ideas on Presentation Design and Delivery. New
Riders; http://www.presentationzen.com/presentationzen/
• Reynolds, Garr (2011) The Naked Presenter: Delivering Powerful Presentations With or Without Slides. New Riders.
• Tufte, Edward (2001, 2nd edition) The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Graphics Press.
Improve your academic English
• McCarthy, Michael/ O’Dell, Felicity (2008) Academic Vocabulary in Use. Cambridge University Press.
• Academic English Online http://aeo.sllf.qmul.ac.uk/index.html/
• Andy Gillett’s Using English for Academic Purposes (UEFAP): http://www.uefap.com/
• Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/1/2/
• Monah University Writing in Science: http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/science/index.xml
• MacMillan Dictionary http://www.macmillandictionary.com/
• Open corpora: https://the.sketchengine.co.uk/open/
• Just the word http://www.just-the-word.com/
• Netspeak http://www.netspeak.org/
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