SATELLITES

Team Members

1.Sasi Kumar2.Satheesh Kumar3.Sebin Sunny4.Confiance5.Shiva Shakthi6.Sunitha7.Sun Kumar8.Frederico Ramos9.William Rodrigues

Contents

1. What is a satellite?2. What is the role of satellite in our daily life?3. Parts of satellite and its role in satellite.4. Working of satellite.5. Different types of satellite and its

application.6. Indian Satellites.7. Conclusion

Chapter-1

WHAT IS A SATELLITE?

• Two types of satellite.Artificial Satellite(Launched By

Human).Natural Satellite(Moon).• It can be travelled around our sun and

planets.• First artificial satellite-Spuntik 1-

Soviet Union.

POINTS TO BE REMEMBERED

Chapter-2

DAY TO DAY UTILITIES OF SATELLITES

• Tele-communication.• Internet.• Weather

forecasting.• Defense control.• Spy.• Education.• Collecting

information about other planets.

Chapter-3

PARTS OF SATELLITE AND ITS ROLE IN

SATELLITE

Parts Of Satellite

Chapter-4

WORKING OF SATELLITE

Working Of Satellite(Pic Mode)

A satellite works by receiving radio signals sent from the Earth and resending the radio signals back down to the Earth

A modern communications satellite receives the radio signal and sends it back down to Earth stronger than it was received. This process is called "amplification" of the radio signal.

People communicate to a satellite using an antenna on the ground, which called an "earth station" in technical terms. The earth station sends up radio signals to the satellite. These signals are called "uplinks."

Working Of Satellite(Pic Mode)

The satellite receives these signals, makes them stronger, and then re-transmits them back down to the Earth. These signals back to the Earth are called "downlinks."

Chapter-5

DIFFERENT TYPES OFSATELLITES

Different Type Of Satellites

1Geostationary

Satellite

NOTE• Placed at an altitude of approximately 35,800 kilometers (22,300 miles)

directly over the equator.• The term geostationary comes from the fact that such a satellite appears

nearly stationary in the sky as seen by a ground-based observer

Applications: 1.GPS 2.Communication 3.Military Applications 4.Weather

2Middle-Earth

Satellite

NOTE

• Medium Earth orbit (MEO), sometimes called intermediate circular orbit (ICO)

• Located in the region of space around the Earth above lower Earth Orbit(altitude of 2,000 km(1,243 mi)) and below Geostationary Satellite (altitude of 35,786 kilometers (22,236 mi)).

Applications: 1.GPS 2.Communication 3.Space Studies

3Lower-Earth

Satellite

NOTE

• Located in the space above 879 from earth ground.• Vivid types of LEO: a)Iridium b)Teledesic.

Application• Provide more speed in internet connection with 100 mbps • Telecommunication Services And GPS

INDIAN SATELLITES

1.ARYABHATA

Launched: 19 April 1975.

Remarks: Provided technological experience in building and operating a satellite system.

2.BHASKARA-I

Launched: 7 June 1979.

Remarks: First experimental remote sensing satellite. Carried TV and microwave cameras.

3.RTP-I

Launched:10 August 1979.

Remarks : Intended for measuring in-flight performance of first experimental flight of SLV-3, the first Indian launch vehicle. Did not achieve orbit.

Launched:18 July 1980.

Remarks : Used for measuring in-flight performance of second experimental launch of SLV-3.

4.ROHINI RS-1

Launched:31 May 1981.

Remarks :Used for conducting some remote sensing technology studies using a landmark sensor payload.Launched by the first developmental launch of SLV-3.

5.ROHINI RS-D1

Launched:19 June 1981.

Remarks :First experimental communication satellite. Provided experience in building and operating a payload experiment three-axis stabilised communication satellite.

6.APPLE

Launched:20 November 1981.

Remarks :Second experimental remote sensing satellite; similar to Bhaskara-1. Provided experience in building and operating a remote sensing satellite system on an end-to-end basis..

7.BHASAKARA-II

Launched:10 April 1982.

Remarks :First operational multipurpose communication and meteorology satellite. Procured from USA. Worked for only six months...

8.INSAT-1A

Launched:10 April 1982.

Remarks :First operational multipurpose communication and meteorology satellite. Procured from USA. Worked for only six months...

9.ROHINI RS-D2

Launched:30 August 1983.

Remarks :Identical to INSAT-1A. Served for more than design life of seven years.

10.INSAT-1B

Launched:24 March 1987

Remarks :Carried payload for launch vehicle performance monitoring and for gamma ray astronomy. Did not achieve orbit

11.SROSS-1

Launched:17 March 1988

Remarks :Earth observation satellite. First operational remote sensing satellite.

12.IRS-1A

Launched:13 July 1988

Remarks :Carried remote sensing payload of German space agency in addition to Gamma Ray astronomy payload. Did not achieve orbit..

13.SROSS-2

Launched:21 July 1988

Remarks :Same as INSAT-1A. Served for only one-and-a-half years...

14.INSAT-1C

Launched:12 June 1990

Remarks :Identical to INSAT-1A. Still in service. A third stage motor landed from its launch, landed in Australia in 2008.[2]...

15.INSAT-1D

Launched:29August 1991

Remarks :Earth observation satellite. Improved version of IRS-1A.

16.IRS-1B

Launched:26 February 1992

Remarks :Launched as Arabsat 1C. Procured in orbit from Arabsat in January 1998.

17.INSAT-2DT

Launched:20 May 1992

Remarks :Carried gamma ray astronomy and aeronomy payload.

18.SROSS-C

Launched:10 July 1992

Remarks :First satellite in the second-generation Indian-built INSAT-2 series. Has enhanced capability over INSAT-1 series. Still in service.

19.INSAT-2A

Launched:23 July 1993

Remarks :Second satellite in INSAT-2 series. Identical to INSAT-2A. Still in service..

20.INSAT-2B

Launched:20 September 1993 Remarks :Earth observation satellite. Did

not achieve orbit...

21.IRS-1E

Launched:4 May 1994

Remarks :Identical to SROSS-C. Still in service

22.SROSS-C2

Launched:15 October Remarks : Earth observation satellite.

Launched by second developmental flight of PSLV.Mission

23.IRS-P2

Launched: 7 December 1995 Remarks: Has additional capabilities such

as mobile satellite service, business communication and television outreach beyond Indian boundaries. Still in service.

24.INSAT-2C

Launched: 29 December 1995 Remarks: Earth observation satellite.

Launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome.

25.IRS-1C

Launched: 21 March 1996 Remarks:. Earth observation satellite.

Carries remote sensing payload and an X-ray astronomy payload. Launched by third developmental flight of PSLV.

26.IRS-P3

Launched: 4 June 1997 Remarks : Same as INSAT-2C. Inoperable

since 1997-10-04 due to power bus anomaly

27.INSAT-2D

Launched: 29 September 1997 Remarks : Earth observation satellite.

Same as IRS-1C.

28.IRS-1D

Launched: 3 April 1999 Remarks : Multipurpose communication

and meteorological satellite.

29.INSAT-2E

Launched: 26 May 1999 Remarks : Earth observation satellite.

Carries an Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) and a Multifrequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR)..

30.IRS-P4

Launched: 22 March 2000 Remarks : Multipurpose communication:

business communication, developmental communication, and mobile communication

31.INSAT-3B

Launched: 18 April 2001 Remarks : Experimental satellite for the

first developmental flight of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, GSLV-D1.

32.GSAT-1

Launched: 22 October 2001 Remarks : Experimental satellite to test

technologies such as attitude and orbit control system, high-torque reaction wheels, new reaction control system, etc.

33.TES

Launched: 24 January 2002 Remarks : Designed to augment the

existing INSAT capacity for communication and broadcasting and provide continuity of the services of INSAT-2C.

34.INSAT-3C

Launched: 12 September 2002 Remarks : First meteorological satellite

built by ISRO. Originally named METSAT. Renamed after Kalpana Chawla who perished in the Space Shuttle Columbia

35.METSAT

Launched: 10 April 2003 Remarks : Multipurpose satellite for

communication, broadcasting, and meteorological services along with INSAT-2E and Kalpana-1.

36.INSAT-3A

Launched: 8 May 2003 Remarks : Experimental satellite for the

second developmental test flight of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

37.GSAT-2

Launched: 28 September 2003 Remarks : Communication satellite to

augment the existing INSAT System.

38.INSAT-3E

Launched: 17 October 2003 Remarks : Earth observation/remote

sensing satellite. Intended to supplement and replace IRS-1C and IRS-1D.

39.IRS-P6

Launched: 20 October 2004 Remarks : Also designated GSAT-3. India’s

first exclusive educational satellite

40.EDUSAT

Launched: 5 May 2005 Remarks : Microsatellite (42.5 kilograms)

for providing satellite-based amateur radio services to the national as well as the international community.

41.HAMSAT

Launched: 5 May 2005 Remarks :Earth observation satellite.

Provides stereographic in-orbit images with a 2.5-meter resolution.

42.CARTOSAT-1

Launched: 22 December 2005 Remarks: Advanced satellite for direct-to-

home television broadcasting services

43.INSAT-4A

Launched: 10 July 2006 Remarks: Geosynchronous communications

satellite. Did not achieve orbit.

44.INSAT-4C

Launched: 10 January 2007 Remarks: Advanced remote sensing

satellite carrying a panchromatic camera capable of providing scene-specific spot images

45.CARTOSAT-2

Launched: 10 January 2007 Remarks: Experimental satellite intended

to demonstrate the technology of an orbiting platform for performing experiments in microgravity conditions. Launched as a co-passenger with CARTOSAT-2. SRE-1 was de-orbited and recovered s uccessfully after 12 days over Bay of Bengal

46.SRE-1

Launched: 12 March 2007 Remarks: Identical to INSAT-4A. Further

augments the INSAT capacity for direct-to-home (DTH) television services and other communications. On the night of 7 July INSAT-4B experienced a power supply glitch which led to switching 'off' of 50 per cent of the transponder capacity (6 Ku and 6 C-Band transponders).

47.INSAT-4B

Launched: Remarks: Identical to INSAT-4C. It carried

12 high-power Ku-band transponders designed to provide direct-to-home (DTH) television services, Digital Satellite News Gathering etc

48.INSAT-4CR

Launched: 28 April 2008 Remarks: Earth observation/remote

sensing satelliteidentical to cartosat 2

49.CARTOSAT-2A

Launched: 28 April 2008 Remarks: Low-cost microsatellite imaging

mission. Launched as co-passenger with CARTOSAT-2A.

50.IMS-1

Launched: 22 October 2008 Remarks: Unmanned lunar probe. Carries

11 scientific instruments built in India, USA, UK, Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria.

51.CHANDRAYAAN-1

Launched: 20 April 2009 Remarks:. Radar imaging satellite used to

monitor India's borders and as part of anti-infiltration and anti-terrorist operations. Launched as a co-passenger with ANUSAT

52.RISAT-2

Launched: 20 April 2009 Remarks:. Research microsatellite

designed at Anna University. Carries an amateur radio and technology demonstration experiments

53.ANUSAT

Launched: 23 September 2009 Remarks:. Gathers data for

oceanographic, coastal and atmospheric applications. Continues mission of Oceansat-1.

54.IRS-P4

Launched: 15 April 2010 Remarks:. Communications satellite

technology demonstrator. Failed to reach orbit due to GSLV-D3 failure.

55.GSAT-4

Launched: 12 July 2010 Remarks: Earth observation/remote

sensing satellite identical to cartosat-2a

56.CARTOSAT-2B

Launched: 12 July 2010 Remarks: First Indian pico-satellite

(weighing less than 1 kg). Developed by a team from seven engineering colleges from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh

57.STUDSAT

Launched: 25 December 2010 Remarks: C-band communication satellite,

failed to reach orbit due to GSLV-F06 failure.

58.GSAT-5P/INSAT-4D

Launched: 20 April 2011 Remarks: RESOURCESAT-2, ISRO's eighteenth

remote-sensing satellite, followed RESOURCESAT-1. PSLV-C16 placed three satellites with a total payload mass of 1404 kg – RESOURCESAT-2 weighing 1206 kg, the Indo-Russian YOUTHSAT weighing 92 kg and Singapore's X-SAT weighing 106 kg – into an 822 km polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO)..

59.RESOURCESAT-2

Launched: 20 April 2011 Remarks: Indo-Russian stellar and

atmospheric satellite with the participation of university students. It weighed 92 kg

60.YOUTHSAT

Launched: 21 May 2011 Remarks: Communications satellite carries

24 Ku-band transponders and 2 channel GAGAN payload operating in L1 and L5 band.

61.GSAT-8/INSAT4G

Launched: 15 July 2011 Remarks: The 12 Extended C-band

transponders of GSAT-12 will augment the capacity in the INSAT system for various communication services like Tele-education, Telemedicine and for Village Resource Centres (VRC).Mission life About 8 Years.

62.GSAT-12

Launched: 12 October 2011 Remarks: Megha-Tropiques weighs about

1000 kg Lift-off Mass, developed jointly by ISRO and the French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES). PSLV-C18 is configured to carry four satellites in which, one satellite, developed by India and France, will track the weather, two were developed by educational institutions, and the fourth is from Luxembourg..

63.MEGHA-TROPIQUES

Launched: 12 October 2011 Remarks: Nano-satellite weighing 3 kg

developed by IIT Kanpur

64.JUGNU

Launched: 26 April 2012 Remarks: RISAT-1, first indigenous all-

weather Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1), whose images will facilitate agriculture and disaster management weighs about 1858 kg.

65.RISAT-1

Launched: 26 April 2012 Remarks: Nano-satellite weighing 10.9 kg

developed by SRM University.

66.SRMSAT

Launched: 29 September 2012 Remarks: GSAT-10, India’s advanced

communication satellite, is a high power satellite being inducted into the INSAT system. Weighing 3400 kg at lift-off.

67.GSAT-10

Launched: 25 February 2013 Remarks: SARAL, The Satellite

with ARGOS and ALTIKA (SARAL) is a joint Indo-French satellite mission for oceanographic studies

68.SARAL

Launched: 1 July 2013 Remarks: IRNSS-1A is the first satellite in

the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). It is one of the seven satellites constituting the IRNSS space segment

69.IRNSS-1A

Launched: 26 July 2013 Remarks: INSAT-3D is the meteorological

Satellite with advanced weather monitoring payloads.

70.INSAT-3D

Launched: 30 August 2013

Remarks: GSAT-7 is the advanced multi-band communication satellite dedicated for military use.

71.GSAT-7

Launched: 5 November 2013 Remarks: The Mars Orbiter Mission

(MOM), informally called Mangalyaan is India's first Mars orbiter

72.MOM

Launched: 5 January 2014 Remarks: GSAT-14 is the twenty third

geostationary communication satellite of India to augment the In-orbit capacity of Extended C and Ku-band transponders.

73.GSAT-14

Launched: 4 April 2014 Remarks: IRNSS-1B is the second satellite

in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).

74.IRNSS-1B

CONCLUSION