Philosophy of Education

Group 7

Review

•Major Philosophies

• Naturalism = Natural/Material • Idealism = Spiritual/Mind • Realism = Reality/Moral standard • Pragmatism = Change

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The Minor Philosophies

• Humanism• Scholasticism • Existentialism• Analytic/Linguistics Philosophy

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Group 7

RhealynRoxan

Marie Romelyn

Rein Jenus

Humanism• Humanism involves any concern

with humans ( including human needs, human desires, and human experiences) fi rst and foremost.

• This also translates into giving human beings a special place in the universe on account of their abil iti es and faculti es.

• Humanism is not a parti cular philosophical system or a set of doctrines, or even a specifi c system of bel iefs.

• Instead, humanism is bett er

described as an atti tude or perspecti ve on l i fe and humanity which in turn serves to infl uence actual phi losophies and systems of bel iefs.

About Humanism

• Humanism is a progressive philosophy of l ife that, without theism and other supernatural beliefs, affi rms or abil ity and responsibil ity to lead ethical l ives of personal fulfi llment that aspire to the greater good of humanity.

Types of Humanism

• Cultural Humanism – refers to cultural traditi ons which or ig inate in ancient Greece and Rome, involves through European history, and have come to be fundamental basis of Western culture.

– I t inc ludes law, l i terature, phi losophy, pol iti cs, sc ience, and more.

• Rel igious Humanism – treat humanism in rel ig ious manner. This means defi ning rel ig ion from a functi onal perspecti ve which identi fi es psychological or social functi ons as disti nguishing rel ig ion from the other bel ief systems.

• The functi on of rel ig ion c ite by rel ig ious humanist include fulfi l l ing the social needs of group of people and sati sfying the personal needs of individuals .

• Secular Humanism – is necessari ly non-rel igious. This doesn’t mean that secular humanist are anti -rel igious – There is a diff erence between non-rel igion and anti -rel igion.

• The “secular ” of secular humanism means that as a philosophy, it does not give any place to the venerati on of things holy and inviolable.

ScholasticismIs a Medieval schools of philosophy (or , perhaps more accurately, a Method of learning) Taught by the academics of medieval universities and cathedrals in the period from 12th to 16th century.

It is the official philosophy of Roman Catholic Church since its early history.

Chief exponent of this philosophy is Saint Thomas Aquinas.

• The Term “Scholastic” is derived from the Latin word Scholasticus and the Greek work Scholastikos.

• Meaning, “Devoting one’s leisure to learning or Scholar”

• And Greek Scholeion meaning “School” • Scholasticism is the best known for its

application in medieval Christian Theology, especially in attempts reconcile the philosophy of the ancient classical.

• This philosophy stresses the idea that man is a rational being possessing body and soul. • This school of philosophy believes

that all truth can be known by reason because of the restriction present in sense of knowledge.• The aim of education, according to

scholastic, must be directed to develop of the whole man.

There are six main characteristics of Scholasticism

1. An acceptance of the prevailing Catholic Orthodoxy.

2. Within this Orthodoxy an acceptance Aristotle as a greater thinker than Plato.

3. The recognition that Aristotle and Plato disagreed about the Nation of universals, and that this was a vital question to resolve.

4. Giving prominence to dialectical thinking and syllogistic reasoning.

5. An acceptance of the distinction between natural and revealed theology.

6. A tendency to dispute everything at great length and a minute detailed, often involving word-play.

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