I would like to present the results of the study of

Mehmet Ali TURKAY 1

1East Mediterranen Agricultural Research İnstitute-

Adana/TURKEY

Development and evaluation of a maize

variety with resistance against

Pink stem borer (Sesamia nanogrioides)

And European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)

There are two major insects that negatively affect maize production in Turkey.

One of them is

Pink stem borer (Sesamia nanogrioides)

and another one is European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)

While both insects are found in the Mediterranean and the Aegean region, but

European corn borer can just be found in Black Sea region of Turkey

Seventy percent (%70) of planting area and ninety percent (%90) of the total

production area of maize of our country has been affected from these two

insects.

Pesticides are applied three times in second crop season and one in the first

crop season for these insects.

Pink stem borer gives five generations in the Çukurova region of Turkey, while

European corn borer has three generations

While European corn borer demages plant after the plant grow to 30-40 cm,

Pink stem borer can demage in every period of growing.

TÜRKAY CHECK

I will explain the results of the two different experiments Firstly, The results of an experiment that carried out without chemical application in

second crop conditions in 2009- 2010 Secondly, An experiment with and without chemaical applications in second crop

conditions in 2010 I will talk on the yield and evaluation of the resistance For evaluation of the resistance Tunnel length per plant method was used

CHECK TÜRKAY

CHECK

Variety Grain

Yield

(t/ha)

Gr Tünnel

Length/

Plant (cm)

Gr

25Ax10 6.0 g 3.2 h

DK 6022 5.0 h 43.2 de

P32W86 4.8 hı 53.4 ab

SİDE 4.7 hı 45.6 cd

DK 5783 4.5 hj 47.4 cd

P 3394 4.1 hj 50.4 bc

DK 626 4.0 ıj 48.7 bc

HELEN 3.6 j 50.5 bc

7C2x9A 2.7 k 56.9 a

P<0,01 CV 12.0 17.0

Table1. The Yield and Tunnel Length Values of The Pesticide-Free

Experiment That Carried Out İn Second Crop Conditions İn 2009-2010 (t/ha)

Variety Grain

Yield

(t/ha)

Gr Tünnel

Length/

Plant (cm)

Gr

TÜRKAY 10.5 a 1.0 h

22x9B 10.1 a 0.8 h

22x5A 10.0 a 1.0 h

24Ax10 9.0 b 0.4 h

9Bx24A 8.3 bc 0.2 h

5Ax25A 8.0 cd 0.8 h

KARAÇAY 7.5 ce 35.0 f

18Ax5A 7.3 df 16.2 g

GÖZDEM 7.3 df 40.3 e

9Bx25A 6.9 eg 1.2 h

22x10 6.4 fg 4.0 h

The Yield and Tunnel Length Values of The Pesticide-Free Experiment That

Carried Out İn Second Crop Conditions İn 2009- 2010 Any pesticide was not used for this study Two hundred larvas per plant infected from the natural fauna and twenty five

larvas per plant infected artifically

Nine checks that widely grown in the region, three tolerant genotype, ten

experimental hybrids and TÜRKAY variety were used as plant material

While the yield of the checks were between 3.6 and 5.0 ton/ha, the yield of the

TÜRKAY variety was 10.5 ton/ha The yield of the tolerant hybrids varied from 4.7 to 7.5 ton/ha While tunnel length per plant of the checks varied between 43.2 cm and 53.4

cm, the length inTÜRKAY variety was only 1 cm.

CHECK TÜRKAY

Table 2. Yield losses of the experiment which carried out with

pesticide and pesticide free in second crop season in 2010 (t/ha)

Pesticide-

Free

Pesticide

Variety Grain

Yield

(t/ha)

Grp Grain

Yield

(t/ha)

Grp

DK6022 3.7 ı 7.3 h

P3394 3.6 ı 7.4 fh

P32W86 3.5 ı 8.6 dh

HELEN 3.3 ı 7.0 h

DK 5783 3.3 ı 7.0 h

DK626 3.0 ı 8.0 eh

P<0,01 CV 14.0

Pesticide-

Free

Pesticide

Variety Grain

Yield

(t/ha)

Grp Grain

Yield

(t/ha)

Grp

TÜRKAY 11.0 ab 11.4 a

22X9B 10.2 ad 10.7 ac

22X5A 10.2 ad 10.9 ac

24AX10 9.1 cg 9.4 bf

5AX25A 8.2 eh 8.5 dh

9BX24A 8.0 eh 8.5 dh

KARAÇY 7.3 gh 9.6 ae

18AX5A 7.3 gh 7.7 fh

GÖZDEM 7.0 h 9.3 bf

SİDE 3.8 ı 8.0 eh

Yield losses of the experiment which carried out with pesticide and pesticide

free in second crop season in 2010

In this experiment TÜRKAY variety had 11 ton/ha in pesticide free condition,

11.4 ton/ha in pesticde applicated condition The yield of the checks in pesticide-free varied between 3 and 3.7 ton/ha The yield of the checks in pesticide applicated conditions varied between 7 and

8.6 ton/ha

RESİSTANT LİNE SUSCEPTİBLE LİNE

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Table 3. Yield losses as % in the pesticide-free and pesticide

applicated experiment

Yield losses as percent (%) in the pesticide-free and pesticide applicated

conditions While yield losses in the checks varied between % 50 and % 65, just % 3 yield

loss was recorded for TÜRKAY variety

CHECK

TÜRKAY

Pesticide-

Free

Pesticide

Variety Tünnel

Length

/Plant

Gr Tünnel

Length/

Plant

Gr

DK 5783 61.2 a 6.1 hj

P32W86 58.9 ab 7.5 gı

DK6022 57.3 ab 5.1 hk

HELEN 57.2 ab 2.4 jl

P3394 54.4 bc 13.1 fg

DK626 50.5 cd 8.3 gh

SİDE 49.4 d 9.6 fh

GÖZDM 47.5 d 3.2 ıl

KARAÇY 35.6 e 9.1 fh

Pesticide-

Free

Pesticide

Variety Tünnel

Lengt/

Plant

Gr Tünnel

Length/

Plant

Gr

18AX5A 13.3 f 2.6 ıl

5AX25A 1.4 fg 0.1 l

22X5A 0.5 jl 0.0 l

9BX24A 0.4 kl 0.0 l

24AX10 0.3 kl 0.6 kl

22X9B 0.3 kl 0.0 l

TÜRKAY 0.2 kl 0.0 l

P<0,01 CV 17.0

Table 4. Pesticide applicated and Pesticide-free trial values of

tunnel length per plant (cm)

Pesticide applicated and Pesticide-free values of tunnel length per plant The demage values of the checks varied from 2.4 to 13.1 However it is supposed that these values must be zero (0) for the pesticide

apllicated areas

Because of intensive insect population, maximal % 60 of the plant protected

with three times pesticide application

TÜRKAY CHECK

As a Result

As a Result TÜRKAY variety has high yield in both pesticide-free or pesticide applicated

fields

It can be seen, TÜRKAY variety is resistant to both the European corn borer

and Pink stem borer.

TÜRKAY variety

The ear of the TÜRKAY variety

TÜRKAY CHECK

Green TÜRKAY variety and checks that affected from the insects

TÜRKAY CHECK

Standing TÜRKAY variety but broken and a lodging check

CHECKS TÜRKAY

While TÜRKAY is green, two checks that in the border of the experiment are dead early

CHECK TÜRKAY

Both checks are broken and lying, while TÜRKAY variety is standing

TÜRKAY

CHECK

A check that grown beside the TÜRKAY in another replication is dead but Turkay variety is green.

TÜRKAY CHECK

Check broken and lying but whole plants of TÜRKAY variety is standing

SUSCEPTİBLE

SUSCEPTİBLE RESİSTANT

RESİSTANT

We can see the demage of the European corn borer and Pink stem borer

TÜRKAY

There is no demage on TÜRKAY variety’s ear but demage on check’s ear can bee seen

TÜRKAY

The vascular bundle of the TÜRKAY variety

The vascular bundle of the CHECKS

TÜRKAY

CHECK

The vascular bundle of the TÜRKAY variety is healthy but vascular bundle of the checks like an

empty pipe

SUSCEPTİBLE LİNE RESİSTANT LİNE

Resistant line is the parent of the TÜRKAY variety

SUSCEPTIBLE LINE

RESISTANT LINE

SUSCEPTIBLE LINE

Movingİmge

Resistant lines is standing on the harvest time but it is not

possible to see susceptible lines because they were all dead.