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Part 2 of 3 on the Russian Revolution
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Quick Write 2-5-101. What were the four classes of
Russian Society?2. Which one had the biggest
population?3. Which one had the smallest
population?4. What language did Russian nobles
speak?
Revolutions in Russia
Chapter 5
Lenin & Civil War
CIVIL WAR:VS
Red army was Red army was associated with associated with Bolshevik, Bolshevik, communism and communism and pro-Leninpro-Lenin
White army was White army was associated with Anti-associated with Anti-communism, loyal communism, loyal Czarists, and anti-Czarists, and anti-Lenin form of Lenin form of SocialismSocialism
1918 to 1921
• The fighting and famine that followed killed 15 million Russians
• Lenin’s Red Army won• 1921 Lenin launched a new plan to rebuild
the Russian economy– Allowed some private ownership
• Changed the government to the Soviet Union
• By late1920s economy was back up
• War and Revolution destroyed Russian economy
• Industrial production stopped
• Trade was at a standstill
• Skilled workers fled to other countries
• New Economic Policy-peasants could sell surplus crop instead of giving it to the government
• Country slowly recovered after some small businesses and factories operated privately
Revolutions in Russia
Chapter 6
Political Reforms
Political Reforms
• Bolshevik leaders saw nationalism as a threat to unity and party loyalty
• Lenin organizes Russia into several self-governing republics under central government
• In 1922 Lenin names Russia the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
• The Bolsheviks renamed themselves the Communist Party after writing of Karl Marx
• In 1924 the Communist created a constitution based on socialist and democratic principles
• In reality Communist held all power
Hammer: WorkersSickle:
Peasants
Star: Communist Party
Revolutions in Russia
Chapter 7
Stalin Steelin’ & Shootin’
“More people have seen Lenin’s mummy than any other mummy in history. The man shuffled off this mortal coil in 1924, but to look at him today, hyber-embalmed and lying in an airtight glass coffin in his humidity- and temperature-controlled mausoleum in Red Square, you’d think he kicked it last week. Despite his requests for a modest burial, a few days after his death, a team of Soviet scientists began working to preserve him forever. This “body brigade” has been on the job for 85 years now, giving Lenin a thorough dusting and embalming touch-up twice a week, not to mention a new hand-tailored suit every eighteen months. Lucky stiff.”
Mental Floss Magazine
• Lenin died in 1924• 3.5 million visited his
body• Lenin’s body was
embalmed and tomb became a shrine.
• His brain was sliced into 30,000 segments and stored for future study!
• Statues erected everywhere, Petrograd was renamed Leningrad, streets and institutions named after him.
Who will be the next Communist leader? After Lenin, there was intense competition for
who would rule the Communist Party
Leon Trotsky Joseph Stalin
Stalin wins!• Stalin takes over and exiles Trotsky to
make sure he doesn’t pose a threat to his power
• Changed his name to Stalin, meaning the “man of steel” in Russian
• Came from a poor working-class background.
• Initially trained to be a priest but was drawn into the world of revolutionaries. Read Lenin’s works.
• Joined the Bolshevik Party around 1902, raiding banks to raise money.
• Arrested and exiled to Siberia several times between 1902 and 1913, escaping 5 times.
Stalin takes complete control
• By 1928, Stalin was in total command of the Communist Party
• Forced Leon Trotsky into exile so he faced no threats
• Stalin begins using absolute power as a dictator
• Unites people
• Forces popular support
• Exercises absolute authority
• Dominates government
• Invokes fear to keep control
• Business• Labor• Housing• Education• Religion• The arts• Person life• Youth groups
• Use of intimidation
• Censorship
• Persecution
• Secret Police
• Brain wash
• Demand loyalty
• Denies basic liberties
• Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state
• Forced into a specific job and expected to meet quotas
• Food for the state before food for an individual and their family
• Religion is not allowed, Communism is your religion
• Personal messages are not private
• Stalin should be praised
• Strict censorship
•Encouraged to expose those who do not follow the rules
•Government controlled all newspapers, radio broadcasts, cinema, literature and art
•Government controlled all education from nursery schools through universities
•Trained youths to be future party members
•Ethnic and religious persecution
•Could be sent to labor camps at any moment even if no crime was committed
• Stalin imposed control over the economy.
• Goals of five-year plans– Build heavy industry– Improve transportation– Increase farm output
• Command economy: government officials make all basic economic decisions
Joseph Stalin
• Oil, coal, and steel production grew.
• Standard of living remained low as did wages. Workers not allowed to strike
• Central planning often inefficient – consumer products scarce (clothing, cars, etc.)
