SMK SERI KERAMAT

RANCANGAN PELAJARAN TAHUNAN

BIOLOGI

TINGKATAN 4

MONTH/WEEK

THEME & LEARNING AREA

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/LEARNING OUTCOMES

NOTES

JAN

1

THEME : INTRODUCING BIOLOGY

LEARNING AREA: 1.0. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

1.1. Memahami kajian Biologi • Nyatakan apakah kajian Biologi • Terangkan kepentingan biologi • Senaraikan bidang pengajian yang berbeza dalam Biologi • Senaraikan kerjaya yang berkaitan dengan Biologi

1.2. Mengaplikasikan penyiasatan saintifik       • mengenal pasti pembolehubah dalam keadaan tertentu , • mengenal pasti hubungan antara dua pembolehubah untuk membentuk hipotesis, • Reka bentuk dan menjalankan eksperimen mudah untuk menguji hipotesis, • rekod dan persembahkan data dalam bentuk yang sesuai , • mentafsir data untuk membuat kesimpulan , • menulis laporan mengenai eksperimen • mengamalkan sikap saintifik dan nilai murni.

2

3

THEME : INVESTIGATING THE CELL AS A BASIC UNIT OF LIVING THINGS

LEARNING AREA. 1.0. CELLSTRUCTURE

AND CELL ORGANISATION

1.1. Memahami struktur sel dan fungsi • Lukis dan labelkan satu sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan • Mengenal pasti komponen sel haiwan dan tumbuhan sel • Nyatakan fungsi komponen bagi sel haiwan dan tumbuhan • Bandingkan dan bezakan haiwan dan tumbuhan sel • Kaitkan kepadatan organel tertentu dengan fungsi specific sel

1.1. Understanding cell structure and functions Draw and label an animal cell and a plant cell Identify cell components of animal and plant cell State function of cell components if animal and plant cell Compare and contrast animal and plant cell Relate the density of certain organelles with the functions of

specific cell

1.2. Memahami organisasi sel • Nyatakan keperluan untuk pengkhususan sel dalam organisma multisel berbanding organisma unisel • Terangkan pengkhususan sel dalam organisma multisel • Terangkan organisasi sel dalam pembentukan tisu, organ , dan sistem dalam organisma multisel • Nyatakan maksud persekitaran dalaman • Mengenal pasti faktor yang mempengaruhi persekitaran dalaman • Terangkan kepentingan untuk mengekalkan persekitaran dalaman yang optimum • Terangkan penglibatan pelbagai sistem dalam mengekalkan persekitaran dalaman yang optimum

1.3. Menghargai keunikan sel • Meramalkan keadaan sel-sel tertentu tanpa komponen sel tertentu • Menggambarkan bahawa kebanyakan sel-sel adalah spesifik bagi tugas yang dilakukan

4

FEB

5

LEARNING AREA :2.0. MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

2.1. Menganalisa pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma

• menyatakan bahan-bahan yang perlu disingkirkan daripada sel-sel,

• menerangkankan kepentingan bagi pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma ,

• menjelaskan struktur membran plasma ,• menjelaskan ketelapan membran plasma ,• menerangkan pergerakan bahan larutan merentasi membran

plasma melalui proses pengangkutan pasif,• menerangkan pergerakan molekul air merentasi membran

plasma melalui osmosis , menerangkankan pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma

melalui proses pengangkutan aktif ,• menerangkan proses pengangkutan pasif dalam organisma hidup

menggunakan contoh-contoh ,• terangkan proses pengangkutan aktif dalam organisma hidup

menggunakan contoh bandingkan dan bezakan pengangkutan pasif dan pengangkutan aktif.

2.2. Understanding the movement of substances across the plasma membrane in everyday life

explain what hypotonic,hypertonic and isotonic solutions are,

explain the effects of hypotonic,hypertonic and isotonic solutions on plant cell and animal cell,

explain plasmolysis, deplasmolysis, haemolysis and crenation,

design an experiment to determine the concentration of external solution which is isotonic to cell sap make an inference on the concentration of cell sap in plant tissues,

relate the movement of substances across plasma membrane with concentration gradient,

explain the phenomenon of wilting in plants using examples,

explain the preservation of food using examples.

2.3. Appreciating the movement of substances across the plasma membrane explain the necessity of movement of substances

across the plasma membrane which occurs in a continuous and controlled manner for survival of a cell.

6 LEARNING AREA:2.0. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

OF THE CELL

3.1. Understanding the chemical composition of the cell

state the elements in the cell, list the chemical compounds in the cell, explain the importance of organic compounds in the

cell,explain the importance of water in the cell.

3.2. Understanding carbohydrates state the elements in carbohydrates, state the types of carbohydrates, explain the formation and breakdown of

disaccharides and polysaccharides.

3.3. Understanding proteins

state the elements in proteins, state the various structures of proteins, explain the formation and breakdown of dipeptides

and polypeptides, explain the meaning of essential amino acids and

non-essential amino acids.

3.4. Understanding lipids state the elements in lipids, state the main types of lipids,

7 3.5. Understanding enzymes

state what enzymes are,

8

explain why enzymes are needed in life processes, list the general characteristics of enzymes, relate the name of enzyme to substrate, state sites where enzymes are synthesised, state the meaning of intracellular enzymes and

extracellular enzymes, explain the involvement of specific organelles in the

production of extracellular enzymes, explain the effects of pH, temperature, enzyme

concentration, and substrate concentration on enzyme activity,

explain the mechanism of enzyme action, relate the mechanism of enzyme action with pH,

temperature, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration,

explain the uses of enzymes in daily life and industry using examples.

3.6. Realising the importance of the chemical composition in cells predict the consequences of deficiency in

carbohydrates, protein, lipids or enzymes in the cellMAC

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LEARNING AREA:4.0. CELL DIVISION

Penilaian Kurikulum 1

Cuti Peretengahan Penggal 14.1. Understanding mitosis

state the necessity for the production of new cells in organisms,

explain the necessity for the production of new cells identical to parent cells,

state the significance of mitosis, identify the phases in the cell cycle, explain the process of mitosis and cytokinesis, arrange the various stages of mitosis in the correct

sequence, compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in

animal cell and plant cell explain the importance of controlled mitosis,

explain the effects of uncontrolled mitosis in living things,

describe the application of knowledge on mitosis in cloning,

explain the advantages and disadvantages of cloning.4.2. Understanding meiosis

state the necessity of trait inheritance in offspring for continuation of life,

state the necessity to maintain diploid chromosomal number from generation to generation,

state the necessity for production of haploid gametes in sexual reproduction,

state the significance of meiosis, identify the type of cell that undergoes meiosis,

explain the process of meiosis, arrange the various stages of meiosis in the correct

order, compare and contrast meiosis Iand meiosis II, compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis.

4.3. Appreciating the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis describe what will happen when the movement of

chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis do not occur in an orderly manner,know and avoid things that maybe harmful.

APRIL13

14

15

16

Mei17

THEME : INVESTIGATING THE PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING THINGS

LEARNING AREA: 1.0. NUTRITION

1.1. Understanding types of nutrition explain autotrophic nutrition, explain heterotrophic nutrition, classify organisms according to the types of nutrition.

1.2. Applying the concept of balanced diet

explain the necessity for a balanced diet, explain the factors affecting the daily energy requirement

of the human body, determine the energy value in food samples, determine the nutrient content in different food

samples, explain the functions and sources of vitamins in a

diet to maintain health, explain the functions and sources of minerals in a diet to

maintain health, explain the functions and sources of roughage /

dietary fibre in a diet, explain the functions of water in the body, justify the selection of an appropriate balanced diet

for a target group.1.3. Understanding malnutrition

explain what malnutrition is, explain the effects of malnutrition using examples, describe ways to reduce the chance of contracting

certain health problems due to one’s diet, describe ways to reduce the effects of certain health

problems.

1.4. Analyzing food digestion

state the substances required by the cell to carry out metabolic processes,

list the complex substances that need to be digested, explain the necessity for digestion of complex

substances, draw and label the human digestive system,

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19-20 Peperiksaan Pertengahan Tahun

1.5. Understanding the processes of absorption and assimilation of digested food identify the parts of the digestive system involved in

absorption of digested food, explain the adaptive characteristic of the digestive

system related to absorption, draw and label the structure of a villus, explain the process of absorption in the villus, make an analogy on the process of absorption in the

small intestine, explain the absorption of water and minerals in the colon, describe the transport of nutrients by the circulatory

system for assimilation,

1.6. Understanding the formation of faeces and defecation identify the part of the digestive system where the

formation of faeces takes place, describe the formation of faeces, explain the role of microorganisms in the colon and the

effect of antibiotics on them, explain what defecation is, explain the importance of defecation, explain the importance of high fibre diets, describe the problems related to defecation.

1.7. Evaluating eating habits

relate eating habits with health problems, evaluate critically whether a particular eating habit is

good or bad.

1.8. Realizing the importance of a healthy digestive system

predict the effects of a defective digestive system on health,

take care of the digestive system for one’s well-being. JUN 21-22

23

24

Cuti Pertengahan Tahun

1.9Understanding the importance of macronutrients and micronutrients in plants

list elements required by plants, classify elements required by plants based on the amount

needed, design an experiment to study the effects of macronutrient

deficiency in plants,relate the effects of macronutrient deficiency with the function of macronutrients,

1.10 Understanding photosynthesis describe the development that leads to the discovery

of photosynthesis, state the substances required for photosynthesis,

state the substances produced from photosynthesis,

July25

26

27Monthly Test 2

draw and label the cross section of a leaf, state the function of each part of the leaf with respect to

photosynthesis, explain leaf adaptation to optimise photosynthesis, explain how plants from different habitats are

adapted to carry out photosynthesis.

1.11 Understanding the mechanism of photosynthesis identify the parts of chloroplast related to

photosynthesis, explain the light reaction of photosynthesis, explain

the dark reaction of photosynthesis, compare and contrast light reaction and dark reaction in

photosynthesis, relate light reaction with dark reaction in photosynthesis,

write an equation to represent the process of photosynthesis.

1.12 Synthesising factors affecting photosynthesis

identify the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, design an experiment to investigate the effect of light

intensity on the rate of photosynthesis, identify the factor that limits the rate of photosynthesis at different light intensity, explain the effects of temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide on the rate of photosynthesis,

explain the difference in the rate of photosynthesis in plants throughout the day based on the changes in light intensity and temperature,

identify some ways to meet the need of increasing the productivity of crops based on factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis.

1.13 Practising a caring attitude towards plants tell why we need to take good care of plants, identify

cases of mishandling or destruction of plants.

1.14 Understanding the technology used in food production

explain the need for improving the quality and quantity of food,

explain the effort to diversify food production, explain ways to improve the quality and quantity of food

production in the country.

1.15 Evaluating the technological development in food processing

explain the necessity for food processing, describe the development of food processing

technology,relate food processing methods with

factors causing food spoilage, assess the methods of food processing to justify the

choice of consuming certain processed food.28

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31

32

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LEARNING AREA: 2.0 RESPIRATION

Penilaian Kurikulum 2

Cuti Pertengahan Penggal 2

2.1 Understanding the respiratory process in energy production

state that all living processes require energy, identify the main substrate for producing energy, state the two types of respiration, explain what cell respiration is, explain the energy production from glucose during the process of aerobic

respiration, state the conditions leading to anaerobic respiration in

cells, explain the process of anaerobic respiration in yeast, explain the process of anaerobic respiration in human muscles, write the chemical equations for aerobic and anaerobic

respiration, compare and contrast aerobic respiration with

anaerobic respiration.

2.2 Analysing the respiratory structures and breathing mechanisms in human and animal

state the respiratory structures in human and some animals, make an inference on the various adaptations of the respiratory

structures, describe the characteristics of respiratory surfaces in human

other organisms, describe the breathing mechanism in human and other

organisms, compare and contrast the human respiratory system with that of

other organisms.

2.3 Understanding the concept of gaseous exchange across the respiratory surfaces and transport and gases in human

describe the process of gaseous exchange across the surface ofthe alveolus and blood capillaries in the lungs,

explain the transport of respiratory gases, explain the process of gaseous exchange between the blood

body cells, distinguish the composition of inhaled and exhaled air.

2.4 Understanding the regulatory mechanism in respiration describe the change in rate of respiration after completing a

vigorous exercise, correlate the rate of respiration with the oxygen and carbon dioxide

content in the body, explain the regulatory mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide

content in thebody,

explain the human respiratory response and rate of

respiration in different situations, correlate the rate of respiration with the rate of heart

beat.

2.5 Realising the importance of maintaining of healthy respiratory system care and maintain efficient function of the respiratory

organs.

2.6 Understanding respiration in Plants

describe the energy requirement in plants, explain the intake of oxygen for respiration, explain aerobic respiration in plants, explain anaerobic respiration in plants under certain

conditions compare and contrast the process of photosynthesis and

respiration, explain what compensation point is, relate light intensity with the attainment of compensation point, predict the situation

when the rate of photosynthesis and rate of respiration remains at compensation point.

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THEME: INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIVING THINGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

LEARNING AREA: 1.0 DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM

1.1 Understanding the abiotic and biotic components of the environment identify the abiotic components of an ecosystem, identify the biotic components of an ecosystem, classify biotic components into trophic levels, explain the interactions between biotic components in

relation to feeding, using examples, explain the interaction between biotic components in

relation to competition, using examples.

1.2 Understanding the processes of colonisation and succession in an ecosystem state what an ecosystem is, identify the niche, habitat, community and population of

an ecosystem, explain the process of colonisation, explain the process of succession, identify the pioneer species in an ecosystem, identify the

successors in an ecosystem, identify the dominant species in an ecosystem, identify the adaptive characteristics of pioneer species, identify the adaptive characteristics of successors, explain the changes in habitat caused by pioneer species, explain the changes in habitat caused by successors at

every level of succession until a climax community is reached,

relate the abiotic components with the biotic components in an ecosystem during the processes of colonisation and succession.adaptive characteristics –

1.3 Synthesising idea on population ecology

35

identify the appropriate sampling technique to study the population size of an organism,

estimate the population size of an organism in a habitat, determine the distribution of organisms in a habitat based on the density, frequency and percentage coverage of the species,

correlate the change in population distribution of an organism with the changes in each of the abiotic factors,

design an experiment to investigate the effect of achange in any one of the abiotic factors on the population growth rate of an organism.

1.4 Understanding the concept of Biodiversity explain the meaning of biodiversity, explain the need for classification of organisms, state the five kingdoms used in the classification of

organisms, identify the main characteristics of organisms in each

kingdom, list examples of organisms in each kingdom, state the hierarchy in the classification of organisms,

using examples, explain through examples, the method of naming

organisms using the Linnaeus binomial system, explain the importance of biodiversity.

1.5 Understanding the impact of microorganisms on life classify various types of microorganisms based on their

basic characteristics, state the abiotic components affecting the activity of

microorganisms, explain the effect of a change in each abiotic

component on the activity of microorganisms, explain the role of useful microorganisms, explain the effect of harmful micro-organisms, explain the meaning of pathogen, identify the pathogen, vector and symptoms of one

particular disease, explain how the disease spreads, describe the methods for controlling pathogen, explain the use of microorganisms in biotechnology,

using examples.

1.6 Appreciating biodiversity

justify the importance of preservation and conservation of biodiversity.

preserve and conserve various living things around him/her.

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LEARNING AREA: 2.0 ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

2.1 Evaluating human activities that endanger an ecosystem identify human activities that threaten the ecosystem, explain the impact of human activities on the ecosystem, evaluate critically the effects of unplanned development and

OKT 37

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39 Peperiksaan Akhir Tahun

mismanagement of the ecosystem, describe types of pollution and sources of pollution, explain the effects of pollution on living things and the

environment, compare and contrast pollutants in the air from different

environments, state the sources of air pollution, interpret data on the level of air pollution in some cities, make an inference on the sources of air pollution in some cities, interpret data on the level of water pollution in some rivers, make an inference on the sources of water pollution in some

rivers, predict the level of air and water pollution in a particular location within the next ten years,

suggest strategies to solve problems related to air and water pollution in a particular location within the next ten years.

2.2 Understanding the green house effect and thinning of the ozone layer

explain what greenhouse effect is, correlate the concentration of carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere with global warming, explain the thinning of the ozone layer, explain the impact of thinning of the ozone layer and

global warming on the ecosystem.

2.3 Realizing the importance of proper management of development activities and the ecosystem

justify the need for development, explain the effects of increase in population on the ecosystem, explain measures taken in the management of development

activities and the ecosystem to ensure a balance of nature ismaintained.

care for the ecosystem,participate in activities related to the management of the ecosystem.

.1. Memahami kajian

Biologi

• Nyatakan kajian Biologi adalah

• Terangkan kepentingan biologi

• Senaraikan bidang pengajian yang berbeza dalam Biologi

• Senaraikan kerjaya yang berkaitan dengan Biologi

1.2. memohon saintifik

siasatan

• mengenal pasti pemboleh ubah dalam keadaan tertentu ,

• mengenal pasti hubungan antara

• dua pembolehubah untuk membentuk hipotesis,

• Reka bentuk dan menjalankan eksperimen mudah untuk menguji hipotesis,

• rekod dan data di dalam bentuk yang sesuai ,

• mentafsir data untuk membuat kesimpulan ,

• menulis laporan mengenai percubaan,

• mengamalkan sikap saintifik dan nilai murni.