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STAAR Review
A grassland community is pictured above. Grasses are considered--
A. Secondary Consumers
B. Primary consumers
C. Decomposers
D. producers
The drawing above shows the atoms before and after a chemical reaction. The drawing illustrates the
a.Law of conservation of energyb.Law of inertiac.Law of conservation of massd.Law of chemical reactions
Early telescopes showed stars as only points of light, while the planets appeared to be much larger, providing evidence that stars must –
a. be more plentiful in our solar system than planets.
b. be much farther from Earth than planets.
c. reflect much more light than planets.
d. travel in elliptical orbits like planets.(8.8B)
Rabbits having long hair is an advantage over having short hair in environments with--
A. High levels of rain
B. A large number of competitors
C. Low temperatures
D. Few predators
Ryan is collecting information about the average temperature in a nearby stream to determine if it is in the range for a certain species of fish to survive. Which of the following is the most useful instrument for Ryan to have?
A. Thermometer B. anemometer
C. Graduated cylinder D. microscope
Biodiversity contributes to the sustainability of ecosystems. If a desert ecosystem is modeled by the food web above, what is most likely to happen if the desert paintbrush develops a fatal disease?
A. The entire ecosystem collapsesB. The Golden-mantled ground squirrel goes extinct locallyC. Mohave rattlesnakes start to eat kangaroo rats.D. Golden-mantled ground squirrels survive by eating more creosote.
Which of Newton’s Laws explains the example below?
A hockey puck remains on the ice at rest until a hockey stick swings and hits it across the ice.
Which is an example of competition?
A. Two species of insects that feed on the same rare plant.
B. A bobcat and a jackrabbit
C. An African lioness feeding her cubs
D. A tick living on a dog.
Tyson is preparing a report about functions of human body systems. Which statement does NOT describe the function of a given body system?
A. The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food and remove wastes.
B. The respiratory system circulates clean blood.
C. The skeletal system connects, protects and supports.
D. The nervous system gathers, processes and responds to information.
Which process causes substances to react to form one or more new substances?
a. Chemical change
b. Physical change
c. Evaporation
d. Freezing
In a certain breed of cat, brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. The allele for brown eyes is B. The allele for blue eyes is b. As shown in the Punnett square above, a cat with genotype Bb mates with a cat that also has genotype Bb. What fraction of the offspring of these cats would be expected to have brown eyes?
A. None B. One half
C. Three quarters D. All
B
b
bB
Which of Newton’s Laws explains the example below?
A space shuttle pushes gases and fumes down towards the ground and an equal and opposite force pushes the shuttle up into the sky.
Jonah sets up an experiment to test the growth of euglenoids, single celled organisms that have chloroplasts and get some of their food from photosynthesis. He places 6 euglenoids in each of 4 Petri dishes. He shines a light connected to a timer on each Petri dish. Under what light/dark schedule can he probably expect the populaton of euglenoids to grow the largest?
A. 1 hour light; 23 hours darkB. 6 hours light; 18 hours darkC. 12 hours light; 12 hours darkD. 16 hours light; 8 hours dark
Two years ago, Javier’s garden contained 5 strawberry plants, 5 mint plants, and 1 thyme plant. He has not weeded it for two years. Today, it contains 1 strawberry plant, 2 mint plants, 4 chickweed plants and 3 wild carrot plants. This is best described as an example of
A. plant/plant symbiosis B. predator/preyC. Ecological succession D. genetic mutation
The dichotomous key above helps identify species of spiders that are often mistaken for the brown recluse. Ashley finds a spider with a rounded body, six eyes, black stripes, and two body parts. What type of spider is it?
A. daddy longlegsB. spitting spiderC. cellar spiderD. pirate spider
A lichen is a combination of fungus and algae that lives on the sides of trees, rocks, and other materials. The fungus provides the algae with water and minerals and the algae uses the water and minerals to make food for both organisms. What type of relationship does the lichen represent?
A. parasitism B. commensalism
C. mutualism D. decomposer
According to the graph above, what relationship exists between an atom’s atomic number and atomic mass?
a. As atomic number increases, atomic mass decreasesb. As atomic number increases, atomic mass increasesc. There is no relationship between atomic number and atomic massd. Some atoms have no atomic mass
Which describes motion in which the person or object is accelerating?
A A bird flies straight from a tree to the ground without changing speed.B A dog walks at a constant speed along a straight sidewalk.C A girl runs along a straight path the same distance each second.D A truck moves around a curve without changing speed.
A girl swings back and forth on a playground swing. Her potential energy is lowest and her kinetic energy is greatest
A when she is at the highest point in her swing.B when she is at the lowest point in her swing.C when she pumps her legs halfway between the highest and lowest point.D when she jumps off the swing from the highest point that she reaches.
Which of the following does not increase potential energy?
A compressing a spring
B lifting a book to a higher shelf
C stretching a rubber band
D shooting a pool ball on a pool table
In the food web above which organism transfers energy from producers to secondary consumers?
A. Prickly pear cactus B. Kangaroo ratC. Great horned owl D. Gila Monster
In this food web, which of the following organisms feeds on
the largest variety of different producers?
Use this diagram to answer the following question.
An engineer measures the amount of energy in each step in the power plant labeled above. Predict what he is likely to find.
A The amount of nuclear energy released from atoms will equal the amount of electrical energy output because of conservation of energy.B The amount of electrical energy output will be greater than the amount of nuclear energy because energy is gained in each energy transformation. C The amount of electrical energy output will be less then the amount of nuclear energy produced because energy is transformed to heat in each transformation.D The total amount of energy in the power plant is always constant, because energy can never be created or destroyed.
In a series of controlled experiments, a student measures the force acting on a wheeled cart and the cart’s acceleration. The student’s data are shown below.
Based on the recorded observations, what is the mass of the cart in kilograms?
Force (N) Acceleration (m/s2)
10 0.5
20 1.0
30 1.5
40 2.0
A toy train engine rests motionless on a track. One student begins pushing the engine tothe right with a force of 2 newtons. At the same time, another student begins pushing the engine to the left with a force of 5 newtons. Which of the following best describes the resulting motion of the engine?
A It travels left at a constant speed. B It travels left at an increasing speed. C It travels right at a constant speed. D It travels right at an increasing speed.
The box below is stationary. Determine whether or not an unbalanced force exists on the box if forces are
applied as shown, and then determine which statement is correct.
A An unbalanced force will move the box at a velocity of 3 m/s to the left.
B The net force on the box is 13 N, which will accelerate the box to the left.
C An unbalanced force of 3N will accelerate the box to the left.
D The forces on the box will be balanced, and it will remain stationary.
3N
5N
2N
3N
The Gulf of Mexico contains a large region known as a dead zone where the oxygen concentrations are extremely low. Many animals have difficulty performing respiration in this area. The best reason for the dead zone is
a. Fertilizer runoff stimulates the growth of bacteria that use up the oxygen.
b. The large numbers of oil drilling platforms serve as artificial reef.
c. Overfishing of shrimp and fish destabilizes the ecosystem.
d. Too many tourists use the Gulf of Mexico for a vacation spot.
A population of moths living in an area has changed over many years. Different groups with different characteristics have developed within the population. The weather in the area has also changed. Less rain has resulted in brown grass and weaker trees. Predict which characteristic would most likely help a group survive the change in the environment?
A. Wings that are browner in color
B. Wings that are greener in color
C. Wings with a wider shape
D. Wings with a narrower shape
After every laboratory experiment Dina performed, she threw away all her equipment, including beakers, test tubes, and Petri dishes. How should Dina change her laboratory practices?
a. She should not change her practices. The equipment may have contained harmful acids and bases and should be disposed of.
b. She should recycle her equipment so it can get made into new equipment.
c. She should save her equipment and leave it dirty so she doesn’t waste water.
d. She should clean and reuse her equipment to save the Earth’s resources.
Use this image to answer the following 2 questions.
In a classroom experiment, Samuel measures the motion of a wind up toy car. He finds that it after 1 s it has moved 10 cm left of the starting point, after 2 s it has moved 20 cm left of the starting point, and after 3 s it has moved 30 cm left of the starting point. Which of the graphs above could Samuel use to represent the motion of the toy car?
A A and BB B and DC A and ED C and F
After the experiment has ended, the toy car sits at rest on the track. Which of the graphs above represent the motion of the toy car now?
A. B
B. B and E
C. B and F
D. Since the car is at rest, none of the graphs show its motion.
Use the graph to answer this question.
Calculate the average speed, in m/s, of the object whose motion is shown in this graph.
Windmills are used to convert wind energy into a more useful form. In most cases, there are three steps in this process. The energy is in a different form at each step. Which of the following flowcharts shows the most likely order of the energy changes?
A. wind energy mechanical energy solar energyB. wind energy thermal energy mechanical energyC. wind energy solar energy electrical energyD. wind energy mechanical energy electrical energy
What energy transformation happens in a toaster?
a. Mechanical Electrical
b. Electrical Thermal
c. Thermal Chemical
A flashlight converts _____________ energy to ____________ energy.
a. chemical; thermal
b. Light; sound
c. Chemical; electromagnetic
d. Mechanical; sound
If a ping-pong ball, a golf ball, and a rubber bouncy ball were dropped from the top of the Henry Winston Mustang Stadium, which would hit the ground first? (Assume there is no air resistance.)
A. golf ball
B. ping-pong ball
C. rubber bouncy ball
D. all hit at the same time
Which of Newton’s Laws explains the example below?
A shopping cart is rolling down a hill filled with 52 watermelons. 20 watermelons fall out when the cart hits a bump. The acceleration of the shopping increases due to the decreased mass.
An atom that has 12 protons, 14 neutrons, and 12 electrons has an atomic number of:
a. 12
b. 14
c. 26
d. 38
Which of Newton’s Laws explains the example below?
You are riding in the passenger seat of a car and the driver makes a sudden turn left. Your body leans towards the right side of the car because it wants to resist change of motion.
Who explained that gravity keeps objects in orbit?
a. Kepler
b. Galileo
c. Brahe
d. Newton(6.11B)
Nitrogen fertilizer is often added to soil to increase the growth of grass in lawns. Which of these nearby ecosystems would most likely be harmed by the use of nitrogen fertilizer?
a. Forestb. Meadowc. Parkd. Pond(7.8C)
How does the Gulf Stream current probably affect Iceland?
a. The current carries cold water to Iceland.
b. The current causes Iceland’s climate to be warmer.
c. The current causes Iceland’s climate to be colder.
d. The current prevents sunlight from reaching Iceland.
(8.10B)
The G
ulfstr
eam
curre
nt
The tilt of Earth’s axis determines the –
a. length of a day.
b. length of a year.
c. phases of the moon.
d. seasons.(8.7A)
You cannot see a new moon because –
a. Earth’s axis tilts away from the moon.b. The moon has absorbed all the light
that hits it.c. The moon’s sunlit side is facing away
from Earth.d. The sun is not shining on the moon.(8.7B)
The diagram shows the orbit of the moon around the earth. At which point in the moon’s orbit will a person standing on Earth see a waxing crescent moon?
a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4(8.7B)
When the phase of the moon is a full moon, -
a. the sunlit side of the moon is facing away from Earth.
b. the sunlit side of the moon is facing the earth.
c. the sun is not shining on the moon.
d. the moon is in Earth’s shadow.(8.7B)
Which of the following statements about the structure and function of each cell organelle is correct?
A. The nucleus is the smallest of the cell’s organelles.
B. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole to store water.
C. Mitochondria have a lot of surface area to transport proteins.
D. The cell wall allows only certain substances to pass into the cell.
Which of the following causes the moon’s phases to occur?
a. The Earth’s rotation on its axisb. The Earth’s revolution around the
sunc. The moon’s rotation on its axisd. The moon’s revolution around the
Earth.(8.7B)
Lydia made a hypothesis that all metals were solids at room temperature. Is her hypothesis correct?
a. No; mercury is a metal, but is liquid at room temperature
b. No; the noble gases in group 18 are metals
c. There is no relationship between atomic number and atomic mass
d. Some atoms have no atomic mass
If the moon were located to the right of position B, which would be the best title for the diagram?
A. High tide
B. Low tide
C. Neap tide
D. Spring tide(8.7C)
The moon’s surface is made up of rocks and dust-like soil. Which is the likely cause of the “soil” on the moon?
a. Breakup of rocks from rain and moving water.
b. Breakup of rocks when meteors struck the moon.
c. Weathering by glaciers.d. Weathering by wind.(8.8A)
The runner in the image above is
jumping hurdles that are set 10 m apart.
She jumps each hurdle in 2-second
intervals. In 6 seconds, she has
jumped the hurdle that is set at 30 m from the
start. Calculate the average speed of the runner in m/s after 6
seconds.
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that stillretains all the properties of that element. Which best completes the description of an atom?
a. An atom has electrons that can be found in one or more energy levels outside the atom’s nucleusb. The number of electrons an atom has is always different from the number of protons it hasc. The total number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutronsd. Every atom has a nucleus, which is usually made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by energy levels containing one or more electrons
Astronomers have discovered many differences in stars through their observations. One theory used to explain these differences is that –
a. Earth’s atmosphere distorts our view of the stars.
b. stars are at different points in their life cycles.
c. the distances between stars are huge.
d. there is too much light pollution on Earth to study stars.
(8.8A)
The Sun is a main sequence, yellow star in the Milky Way galaxy, which is described as a(n)–
a. dwarf galaxy.
b. elliptical galaxy.
c. irregular galaxy.
d. spiral galaxy.(8.8B)
The light from this flashlight is brighter at point A than point B because
a. light can travel only in a vacuum.
b. light does not travel very fast in air.
c. air particles absorb some energy from the light.
d. destructive interference makes the light appear dimmer.
(8.8C)
Look at the advertisement. Why wouldn’t you buy this speaker if you lived on the moon?
a. The speaker wouldn’t work in space because sound waves need a medium and space is empty.
b. The speaker wouldn’t work in space because there is no light in space.
c. The speaker wouldn’t work in space because sound waves travel as transverse waves.
d. The speaker wouldn’t work in space because sound waves have more compression then rarefaction in space.
(8.8C)
Light-years are the most appropriate measurement for which of the following distances?
a. The distance between the moon and Earth.b. The distance between the North and South
Poles.c. The distance from the sun to the center of the
galaxy.d. The distance from Florida to California.(8.8D)
Look at the chart, which shows some ions and their charges. According to the chart, an aluminum ion has-
a. 3 electrons.b. 3 neutrons.c. 3 fewer protons than electrons.d. 3 more protons than electrons.
Which of the following is the best evidence that Earth’s continents were once in very different positions than they are today?
a. Fossils of tropical plants have been found in Antarctica.
b. Major rivers form deltas from erosion.
c. Penguins are found only in the Southern Hemisphere.
d. Volcanoes surround the Pacific ocean.(8.9A)
Pressure builds up along a fault line and eventually the rocks along the fault shift positions. What will be the effect of this process?
a. An earthquake will occur.b. A hot spot will form.c. A tsunami will form.d. A volcanic eruption will occur.(8.9B)
The Eurasian plate and North American plate are moving away from each other. This is causing the Atlantic Ocean to become wider. What other change will this movement most likely cause?
a. The destruction of beaches along the coast of Europe.b. The formation of mountains along the east coast of North
America.c. The Pacific Ocean is becoming smaller in size.d. The Gulf of Mexico is becoming deeper.(8.9B)
A land developer cleared all the trees in a neighborhood to be able to build new homes. A direct result of removing trees from the area would be –
a. a lower amount of carbon dioxide in the air.
b. a higher rate of erosion.
c. an increase in the carnivore population.
d. a slowdown of the nitrogen cycle.
(8.9C)
Many weather systems form over oceans. The energy needed to form these weather systems starts from –
a. prevailing winds.
b. the moon.
c. the sun.
d. water currents.(8.10A)
(8.10C)
Earth’s land areas, oceans, and atmosphere maintain fairly constant average temperatures. What is the best explanation for these constant average temperatures?
a. Earth’s Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere have opposite seasons.
b. Earth is tilted and rotates daily on its axis.c. The continuous motion of air and water
distributes the sun’s energy.d. Global weather systems generally move from
west to east.(8.10A)
A current carries water from Canada and Alaska to the south along the California coast. How does this current most likely affect California’s climate?
a. The current causes floods in California.
b. The current caused droughts in California.
c. The current cools California.
d. The current warms California.(8.10B)
Look at the drawing above. How many neutrons are found in a Carbon-14 nucleus?
When looking at the model of the atom above, what is the best description of the structure identified by line 1?
Two groups of children are playing tug-of-war, a contest in which each team tugs on a rope to pull the other across a line. Everyone is tugging on the rope, but no one is moving. This is because
A the forces acting on the rope are balanced.B the children do not have enough mass to create force.C the rope resists any change in motion.D there is too much friction for the rope to move.
Which of these is the balanced form of the above chemical equation?
a. H202 H2O + O2
b. 2H202 2H2O + O2
c. 3H2O2 3H2O + O2
d. 2H2O2 H2O + 2O2
Look at the diagram above. Which of the following is NOT true of electrons?
a. They have a negative charge.b. They have little mass.c. Beryllium contains 5 electrons.d. They are likely to be found around the nucleus within the electron cloud.
These elements are grouped together on the periodic table because they are
a. Listed alphabeticallyb. Are all transition metalsc. Are noble gasesd. Have the same number of valence electrons
An element is located on the periodic table according to
a. when it was discovered.
b. its chemical symbol.
c. its chemical name.
d. its physical and chemical properties.
The chart above shows the number of elements discovered during different periods of time. The greatest number of elements were discovered
a. before 1750.b. between 1801-1850.c. between 1851-1900.d. from 1951-present.
The plates of the Earth’s lithosphere are moved around by –
a. winds in the atmosphere.b. conduction in the asthenosphere.c. convection currents in the ocean.d. convection currents in the
asthenosphere.(6.9A)
(8.9B)
The formula for water is H2O. What is the chemical composition of water?
a. One atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
b. Two atoms of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen
c. One atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen
d. Two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
Which of the following lunar phases occurs approximately 28 days after a full moon in the lunar cycle?
a. Full moonb. Crescentc. Gibbousd. New moon (8.7B)
According to the chemical formula shown here, all of the following elements are found in the chemical compound sulfuric acid EXCEPT
a. Hydrogenb. Sulfurc. Carbond. Oxygen
The substances listed on the left side of a chemical equation are the
a. Coefficients
b. Precipitate
c. Products
d. Reactants
Which of the following molecules is composed of only four atoms?
a. H2O
b. NaCl
c. SO3
d. MgCl2
What effect would a shoulder belt and a lap belt have on the inertia of a crash-test dummy when the car hits a barrier?
A The shoulder and lap belts cause an unbalanced force to act on the crash-test dummy, causing it to stop moving in the direction the car was traveling.B The shoulder and lap belt would increase the momentum of the crash-test dummy.C The shoulder and lap belt would allow the crash-test dummy to continue moving with constant velocity in the direction the car was traveling.D The shoulder and lap belt would have no effect on the crash-test dummy.
The image shows a man pushing a sofa up a ramp. What is the amount of work being done on the sofa?
A 1000 J
B 1005 J
C 5000 J
D There is no work being done on the sofa.
Push: 1000N
Weight: 500 N
Incline: 5 m
1 m
Which cell belongs to a prokaryote?
