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Roman Achievements
Roman AchievementsIn early days, Romans borrowed heavily from
Greek culture. The blending of Greek, Hellenistic and Roman traditions produced what is known as the Greco-Roman civilization.
Architecture Medicine Art Science Language Literature Law
ArchitecturePantheonThe ColosseumForumCircus MaximusRoadsRoman ArchAqueducts
Pantheon
It was originally built as a Roman temple to all the gods. Pan = all, theo = god
The dome of the Pantheon influenced buildings for thousands of years including our nation’s capital building.
The Colosseum
First permanent amphitheater built in Rome which used 30,000 slaves and 500,000 tons of rock.
Seated 50,000 peopleEntertain the masses including chariot
races, bloody gladiator fights, mock animal hunts, and even naval battles.
One of the greatest architectural achievements in history.
The Forum
The Forum is located between Palatine Hill and Capitoline Hill in Rome. It is the central area around which ancient Roman civilization developed.
Public meetings, markets, religious ceremonies, and burials were held here.
The Romans also constructed temples and some houses in the Forum, as well as an impressive drainage system, which is still visible where the main sewer empties into the Tiber River.
Circus Maximus
The Circus Maximus was the largest stadium in ancient Rome. At one point the Circus could seat 250,000 people
Mostly held chariot racesA chariot is a cart pulled by
horses and could race up to 45 miles per hour!
The races were very dangerous.
Those guys were CRAZY!
We’d NEVER do something like that?
Or would we?
Roads – The Appian WayMore than 300 miles long, it was the main
route between Rome and Greece
Roman Roads
The Arch
The Arch The Romans used arches in their
buildings and especially in their bridges.
Arches are very strong and can hold more weight than rectangles.
Many Roman bridges still stand because of the arches.
Roman Arch
ArchThe Romans perfected the Etruscan arch with the use of the keystone.The arch is one of the strongest methods for building any large structure. The arch distributes weight more evenly. Weight actually strengthens an arch.
ArchThe arch also made buildings cheaper to build because less building material
was required.
Arch
AqueductsWaterways that were engineered to bring
water into the cities from the mountains, often over hundreds of miles!
Some are still in use today, supplying water to Rome’s many fountains.
AqueductsRome itself was supplied by more
than ten aqueducts which provided more than 38 million gallons of water per day!!
AqueductsNot only brought in fresh water, but Rome was equipped with an elaborate sewer system which washed away the waste and sewage into the Tiber River. Rome was a very clean city especially when compared to some places we’ve studied!
And here it is….THE SPONGE
STICK!!!
MedicineEmphasis on public health
Public bathsKeep germs at bay, better hygiene
Public water systemLimited diseases associated with standing
waterEstablished a medical school
Eye Surgeries http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/
action/yt/watch?videoId=5lXgG88Xx8Q
Public Baths
ArtRomans were famous for their
MosaicsMosaics - Images made from small bits
of tile, stone, or glass Mosaics decorated the walls and floors
of many wealthy Romans
Inscription: Beware of Dog
Science
Ptolemy Astronomer Mathematician Geographer
He wrote down the Greek geocentric (earth-centered) view of the universe.
Mt. Vesusius erupts in 79CE in the town of Mt. Vesusius erupts in 79CE in the town of PompeiiPompeii A giant explosion ripped off the top of the A giant explosion ripped off the top of the
mountain and within 2 hours the town of mountain and within 2 hours the town of Pompeii had Pompeii had disappeareddisappeared..
As ash fell, people tried to flee. Most suffocated As ash fell, people tried to flee. Most suffocated and were and were buried in ashburied in ash..
Rain hardened the ash forming molds of people Rain hardened the ash forming molds of people and and preserving artifactspreserving artifacts..
Science – Reviewing the PastScience – Reviewing the Past
““History is not the accumulation of events of every History is not the accumulation of events of every kind which happened in the past.kind which happened in the past.
It is the science of human societies.” It is the science of human societies.” Fustel de CoulangesFustel de Coulanges
LanguageLatinRomance Languages
(also referred to as Romanic Language)FrenchSpanishItalianPortuguese
Literature Poetry
Virgil The Aeneid Story of the origins of Rome in
the style of Homer. Horace
Satires Histories
LivyPatriotic – recounted tales of
great heroes like Cincinnatus. Philosophy
Borrowed philosophy from Greeks.
Stoicism (duty/fate)
Law - Review
Twelve TablesOnce a law was made public, the
law was known to everyone.Protection of certain rightsThe principle of “innocent until
proven guilty”
Quick Check
Name the building in this picture.a. Pantheonb. Partheneon c. Forumd. Colosseum
What engineering feat provided water to Rome?a. Archesb. Aqueductsc. Forumsd. Public Baths
Weird Romanshttp://www.cleanvideosearch.com/
media/action/yt/watch?videoId=TFo4-N3EwsU
Decline and Division of the Western Roman Empire
Slow DeclineOver a 300-year period, the western part of the
Roman Empire steadily declined because of internal and external problems. By 284, the empire was split into 2 parts each with a co-emperor responsible to the Emperor.
There were 5 main reasons for the decline:
Economic Military Social Political Invasion
Economic ReasonsHigh Taxes: Cost to defend the empire =
big $$$
Government Costs = Taxes
Geographic size – difficulty of defense and administration
Devaluation of Roman currency = inflation
Inflation
Military ReasonsArmy membership starting to include
non-Romans, resulting in decline of discipline Rome was forced to hire mercenaries (non-
Romans) to defend their borders…little loyalty!!!
Social ReasonsMoral Decay - Decline in values
Patriotism devotion to duty Discipline
People’s lost of faith in Rome and family
Political Reasons
Civil Wars Remember that Augustus (Octavian)
Caesar failed to provide for the peaceful succession of emperors?
This often led to civil wars which led to a loss of support of the people.
Long line of weak emperors left the government impoverished and unable to fix the problems of the empire.
InvasionsATTACKS ON BORDERS!!!The Huns were a nomadic tribe from Asia
who loved to fight Many Germanic peoples were displaced by
fierce battles with the Huns Ultimately, invasion and displacement put
pressure on Roman borders, often which could not be defended with mercenary armies.
Under pressure from attacks, Rome surrendered territories in Britain, Gaul (France), and Spain.
Invadershttp://www.cleanvideosearch.com/
media/action/yt/watch?videoId=IOnkc0xFDW4
Quick Check
Name the 5 reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire.
a. Economic, Social, Psychological, Military, Invasion
b. Military, Psychological, Social, Medical, Politicalc. Economic, Political, Social, Military, Invasiond. Social, Economic, Political, Medical, Military
Division of the Empire In CE 284, Emperor Diocletian divided
the empire into western and eastern halves in order to make the large empire easier to govern.
He kept the wealthier eastern part for himself to rule but appointed a co-emperor to rule the western half
The eastern half thrived while the western Roman empire continued to decline.
Division of the EmpireIn CE 330, Emperor Constantine moved the
capital of the empire from Rome to Byzantium and named it after himself,
Constantinople…Became known as the 2nd Rome!
Fading Power & InvasionsRoman Power fading
378 Roman army suffered a defeat at Adrianople by Visigoths
410 Visigoth general Alaric overran Italy and plundered Rome
More and more Germanic peoples occupied the western Roman Empire.
434 Attacks by Attilla the Hun. Called the “Scourge of God” because people
believed his attacks were punishment for the sins of humankind.
476 Odoacer, a Germanic leader, ousted the emperor in Rome. NO ROMAN EMPEROR
End of the Empire
The final end of the western portion of the empire came in CE 476 when Odoacer, a Germanic leader, overthrew the last western Roman emperor.
476 is considered the official date of the “fall of Rome.”
The Eastern Roman Empire continued as the Byzantine Empire.