Role of Sportex Sciences in the Promotion of Sports

and Physical Education with special reference to Physical

Growth & Development.

D.K. KANSALPRINCIPAL, IGIPESS

B-BLOCK, VIKASPURI, NEW DELHI.

SPORTS SCIENCE/S

Those parts of Science or sciences as are used for Sports Promotion, training and winning with fair play in sportsmen spirit. For example Science of Training, Sports anthropometry, Sports Psychology, Sports Physiology, Sports Biomechanics etc.

EXERCISE SCIENCEThose parts of science subjects as

help in the promotion of exercises used for improving Health Fitness and Wellness. For example Exercise Physiology, Kinesiology, Exercise Biochemistry Exercise Biomechanics.

SPORTEX SCIENCES

Those common science subjects or their parts as are used for the promotion of both Sports and Exercise Sciences. E.g. Sportex Biochemistry, Sportex Biomechanics, Sportex Physiology, Kinanthro-pometry, Sportex Genetics, Sportex Nutrition etc.

ROLE OF SPORTEX SCIENCES

Now-a-days, we all agree that Physical Fitness and Sports Performance is the result of interaction of the following:-

1. Human Structural & Functional Capacities.

2. Patterns of Human Growth & Development.

3. Science of Sports Training.

4. Nutritional, Genetical and Environmental

Factors etc.

SPORTEX SCIENCES PROMOTE

1. Talent Selection.2. Sports Training Methods.3. Measurement & Evaluation.4. Physical Fitness5. Sports Medicine.6. Health.7. Wellness8. Eradication of inactivity Diseases.9. Physiotherapy.10. Health Education.

DIFFICULTY IN SPORTEX SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT

“All the disciplines of Sports Sciences have their own areas of study. Each discipline has its own qualified cadre of workers who are taken from their respective mother sciences and they then specialize in the concerned sports discipline”. But do not have the requisite knowledge of Sports.

Hardayal Singh,M.A. (Phy.Edu.) & Ph.D.

(Training Methods)

SPORTEX SCIENCE INFANCY• Due to the abovementioned practical

problem of finding two way difficulty of training scientists in sports and sports persons in sportex science, the subject of sportex science is yet in its infancy stage in most of the countries except few like Germany, Russia etc.

MOTHER DISCIPLINES OF SPORTEX SCIENCE

(Spex = Sports + Exercise)1. Physical Education2. Human Genetics.3. Human Kinanthropometry.4. Human Medicine.5. Science of Training (Coaching).6. Human Nutrition.7. Human Biochemistry.8. Human Physiology.9. Human Cell Biology 10.Human Psychology.11. Human Biomechanics.12.Human Health Education.

LIST OF SPORTEX SCIENCES (For specialization at M.P.Ed./Ph.D. Level).

(i) Science of Sportex Training Methods (ii) Sportex Physiology (iii) Sportex Biomechanics (iv) Sports Psychology (v) Sportex Pedogogy (vi) Sportex Nutrition (vii) Sportex Kinanthropometry (viii) Sportex Biochemistry (ix) Sportex Genetics (x) Sportex Growth & Development (xi) Sportex Neuro-Physiology (xii) Sportex Medicine

LIST OF SPORTEX SCIENCES (Contd.)

(xiii) Sportex Measurement & Evaluation (xiv) Sportex Computer Science & Statistics (xv) Physical Fitness (xvi) Sportex Health Education (xvii) Sportex Physiotherapy (xviii) Sportex Science of Special Population (xix) Sportex Science of Recreation (xx) Sportex Science of Wellness (xxi) Sportex Science of Illness Prevention etc. etc. (xxii) Sportex Spiritual Science or Sportsmanship Science (Homeostatic based feed back) (xxiii) Spex Science for Defence (xxiv) Spex Science for Physical Education.

PHYSICAL GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

Physical Growth: It is the process of increase in size due to increase in cell number and/or cell size.

Development: it is the process of attaining adult status due to increase in functions, maturity, complexity of function, change in proportionality, composition and/or density etc. It is usually accompanied with physical or physiological growth.

GROWTH PATTERNSPatterns of Growth are studied with the

help of distance and velocity curves of Growth and development.

Distance Curves: The presentation of magnitude of any variable against age.

Velocity Curves: The presentation of rate of increase or decrease in any variable with changing age.

SOME IMPORTANT TERMS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

• Landmarks: Bony points needed for measuring anthropometric variables of Human Beings.

• F.H. Plane: Frankfurt-Horizontal plane (Landmarks Tragus and Orbitale in Horizontal plane).

SOME DISTANCE CURVES

VELOCITY CURVES (HEIGHT)

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF GROWTH AND THE AGE AT PUBERTY

- ADULT PHYSIQUE CLIMATE AND RACE SEASON OF YEAR.

- HEREDITY.- NUTRITION.- ILLNESS- EXERCISE.- PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS.- SOCIO-ECONOMIC CLASS.- FAMILY SIZE.- SECULAR TREND.

MEASUREMENT OF AGE

TESTS:

(i) Chronological Age Table.

(ii) Radiological Age Standards.

(iii) Secondary Sex Character stages.

(iv) Dental Age.

CHRONOLOGICAL AND DEVELOPMENT AGE

• Chronological Age: Age in years since one’s birth is called chronological age. It is based on one’s date of birth and is used in sports competitions and school/college admissions.

• Development Age: Age in developmental stages based on average growth and developmental status of males and females.

DEVELOPMENTAL AGE AND THE CONCEPT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURITY

- SKELETAL AGE- DENTAL AGE- MORPHOLOGICAL AGE: SIZE AND

SHAPE AGE- SECONDARY SEX CHARACTER AGE.

SKELETAL AGE METHOD

REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS – METHODS (BOYS)

REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS – METHODS (GIRLS)

ADOLESCENT LANDMARKS• Menarcheal Age: Age of first

menstruation in girls.• Adolescent Spurt: Age of accelerated

growth and development during Adolescence.

• Adolescent Peak Height Velocity: Maximal rate of growth in height per year during adolescent Growth period.

UTILITY OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT IN SPORTS & PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Adults Predictions: Physical Growth and Development patterns are very specific to sex, age and populations and enable the sportex scientists to Predict adult status at young ages, best around ages 9 to 11 in boys and 8 to 10 in girls.

HELP IN TALENT SELECTION & GUIDANCE AT YOUNG AGE

• Different Sports have different Ages of Peak Performance due to known patterns of Growth & Development.

• Different Sports have specific requirements of kinanthropometric and Physiological variables.

SPECIFICATION OF SPORTS TRAINING

• Help decide Training Load, duration & individualization.

• Enable Scientific Approach to overall Training methods by dividing the subject of Sports Training in two categories: GTMT and TMT.

REDEFINE PHYSICAL EDUCATION AS

“The learning of role of physical activities, Sports and Meditation for Recreation, Health, Physical Fitness, Wellness, Longevity, personality development and happiness as everyone’s essential and best achievement to be possessed preferably by the age of twenty years or so”. - DEVINDER K. KANSAL

EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL AGE ON PERFORMANCE

CHANGE IN PERFORMANCE STRUCTURE WITH THE PASSAGE OF TIME AND IMPROVEMENT IN PERFORMANCE

100 M MALE STANDARDSIf the candidates of Olympic 100m runners are

selected in every country two years before the Olympiad will be held:

QUALIFIED RECORD MUST BE BETTER THAN 10.4 SEC.

SUITABLE AREA OF AGE IS 18.2-25.5 YEARS OLD,

DESIRABLE HEIGHT IS 176.0CM AND

CRITICAL VALUES IS 170.0CM.

SUITABLE AREA OF PONDERAL INDEX IS 22.89-24.21

MALE GYMNASTS

If the candidates of Olympic Gymnasts (m) are selected in every country two years before the Olympiad will be held:

QUALIFIED RECORD MUST BE BETTER THAN 109,

SUITABLE AREA OF AGE IS 18.0-24.6 YEARS OLD,

DESIRABLE HEIGHT IS 163.0cm-1740cm AND

CRITICAL VALUES IS 158.0CM.

SUITABLE AREA OF PONDERAL INDEX IS 23.06-23.96

100 M FEMALE STANDARDSIf the candidates of Olympic 100m runners are

selected in every country two years before the Olympiad will be held:

QUALIFIED RECORD MUST BE BETTER THAN 11.7 SEC.

SUITABLE AREA OF AGE IS 16.8-24.2 YEARS OLD,

DESIRABLE HEIGHT IS 166.0CM AND CRITICAL VALUES IS 160.0CM.SUITABLE AREA OF PONDERAL INDEX IS

22.47-23.41

FEMALE GYMNASTS

If the candidates of Olympic Gymnasts (m) are selected in every country two years before the Olympiad will be held:

• QUALIFIED RECORD MUST BE BETTER THAN 74.3,

• SUITABLE AREA OF AGE IS 13.3-18.5 YEARS OLD,

• DESIRABLE HEIGHT IS 154.0cm-1640cm AND

• CRITICAL VALUES IS 149.0CM.

• SUITABLE AREA OF PONDERAL INDEX IS 22.35-23.25.

I. Early Matured Boy & II. Average Boy

Age (yr) 11 (G1 PH1) 12 ½ (G3 PH2) 13 ¼ (G5 PH4) 14 ½ (G5 PH5)

12 (G1

PH1)

13 ¾ (G3

PH2)

14 ¾ (G5

PH4)

15 ½ (G5 PH5)

HEIGHT (OLYMPIANS)

ADOLESCENT VARIATIONS

GROWTH AT ADOLESCENCE

SHAPE CHANGES (PROPORTIONS)

BODY WEIGHT

DISTANCE CURVES (HEIGHT NORMS)

EXAMPLES OF SPORTEX SCIENCES EQUIPMENTS