Role of Human Biology in Sports Selection and Personality

Development

by

DEVINDER K. KANSAL, M.Sc., Ph.D.Indo-US Fulbright Fellow (Kinesiology)

Head, Department of Physical Education & Sports

Sciences& Principal, IGIPESS

: Scientific Study of Human Structure &Life Processes including Kinanthropometry (Body

Composition Types), Kinesiology, exercise physiology, Growth & Development, Genetics etc.

: Competitive Playing with standard rules and regulations prescribed by respective sports federations,

national and international associations as applicable.

: Finding best talent through scientific procedure based on genetic potential and level of skill

acquisition.

= Personal + Identity

= Unfolding ofgenetic potential resulting inmature skillful functioning

= Response + Ability(Right behaviour to various stimuli

GROWTH & MATURITY STATUS

1. DIFFERENCE:

GROWTH = Change in Size.

MATURITY = Change in proportions and Functional Capacity.

2. EVALUATION:

GROWTH = From individual size Measurement like Height , Weight, Lengths, Widths, Circumferences etc.

MATURITY = From Body Proportions (B.B.I., BMI, Sitting Ht/Height) functional capacity indicators (VC, PR etc.) and Secondary Sex characters (Menarche, Pubic Hair, Auxillary Hair, Facial Hair etc.)

SPORTS SCIENCE/S

Those parts of Science or sciences asare used for Sports Promotion,training and winning with fair play insportsmen spirit. For exampleScience of Training, Sportsanthropometry, Sports Psychology,Sports Physiology, SportsBiomechanics etc.

EXERCISE SCIENCE

Those parts of science subjects as help inthe promotion of exercises used forimproving Health Fitness and Wellness.For example Exercise Physiology,Kinesiology, Exercise BiochemistryExercise Biomechanics.

ROLE OF SPORTEX SCIENCES

Now-a-days, we all agree that Physical Fitness andSports Performance is the result of interactionof the following:-

1. Human Structural & Functional Capacities.

2. Patterns of Human Growth & Development.

3. Science of Sports Training.

4. Nutritional, Genetical and Environmental Factors

etc.

SPORTEX SCIENCES PROMOTE

1. Talent Selection.2. Sports Training Methods.3. Measurement & Evaluation.4. Physical Fitness5. Sports Medicine.6. Health.7. Wellness8. Eradication of inactivity Diseases.9. Physiotherapy.10. Health Education.

MOTHER DISCIPLINES OF SPORTEX SCIENCE

(Spex = Sports + Exercise)

1. Physical Education2. Human Genetics.3. Human Kinanthropometry.4. Human Medicine.5. Science of Training (Coaching).6. Human Nutrition.7. Human Biochemistry.8. Human Physiology.9. Human Cell Biology 10. Human Psychology.11. Human Biomechanics.12. Human Health Education.

PHYSICAL GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

Physical Growth: It is the process of increase insize due to increase in cell number and/or cellsize.

Development: it is the process of attainingadult status due to increase in functions,maturity, complexity of function, change inproportionality, composition and/or densityetc. It is usually accompanied with physical orphysiological growth.

GROWTH PATTERNS

Patterns of Growth are studied with the help ofdistance and velocity curves of Growth anddevelopment.

Distance Curves: The presentation ofmagnitude of any variable against age.

Velocity Curves: The presentation of rate ofincrease or decrease in any variable withchanging age.

SOME IMPORTANT TERMS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

• Landmarks: Bony points needed formeasuring anthropometric variables ofHuman Beings.

• F.H. Plane: Frankfurt-Horizontal plane(Landmarks Tragus and Orbitale inHorizontal plane).

BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS & WELLNESS

1. 3s and Motor Fitness.

2. Maintenance of Ideal Body Weight.

3. Improvement in Posture & Appearance.

4. Decrease the risks for chronic diseases.

5. Slows down aging process.

6. Decreases recovery time after exertion/injury.

7. Increase in Efficiency of Body functions.

8. Maintenance of adequate BMI, BMR, PR, BP, Blood Glucose, Blood Lipids.

9. Wellness leads to the achievement of all its component namely Spiritual, Social, Emotional, Physical, Financial and Intellectual health.

14

Exercise Load (F.I.T.T.) is to be prescribed individually by experts

FREQUENCY INTENSITY TIME TYPE

Day F E S T

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

-

X

X

X

-

X

-

X

-

X

-

X

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

X

X = YES - = NO

F = Flexibility E = Endurance

S = Strength T = Testing

PHYSICAL GROWTH CURVES

DISTANCE CURVE

SOME DISTANCE CURVES

MALE & FEMALE VELOCITY CURVE

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF GROWTH AND THE AGE AT PUBERTY

- ADULT PHYSIQUE CLIMATE AND RACE SEASON OF YEAR.

- HEREDITY.- NUTRITION.- ILLNESS- EXERCISE.- PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS.- SOCIO-ECONOMIC CLASS.- FAMILY SIZE.- SECULAR TREND.

MEASUREMENT OF AGE

TESTS:

(i) Chronological Age Table.

(ii) Radiological Age Standards.

(iii) Secondary Sex Character stages.

(iv) Dental Age.

CHRONOLOGICAL AND DEVELOPMENT AGE

• Chronological Age: Age in years since one’sbirth is called chronological age. It is basedon one’s date of birth and is used in sportscompetitions and school/college admissions.

• Development Age: Age in developmentalstages based on average growth anddevelopmental status of males and females.

DEVELOPMENTAL AGE AND THE CONCEPT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURITY

- SKELETAL AGE

- DENTAL AGE

- MORPHOLOGICAL AGE: SIZE AND SHAPE AGE

- SECONDARY SEX CHARACTER AGE.

SKELETAL AGE METHOD

REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS – METHODS (BOYS)

REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS – METHODS (GIRLS)

ADOLESCENT LANDMARKS

• Menarcheal Age: Age of first menstruationin girls.

• Adolescent Spurt: Age of acceleratedgrowth and development duringAdolescence.

• Adolescent Peak Height Velocity: Maximalrate of growth in height per year duringadolescent Growth period.

UTILITY OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT IN SPORTS & PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Adults Predictions: Physical Growth andDevelopment patterns are very specificto sex, age and populations and enablethe sportex scientists to Predict adultstatus at young ages, best around ages 9to 11 in boys and 8 to 10 in girls.

EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL AGE ON PERFORMANCE

CHANGE IN PERFORMANCE STRUCTURE WITH THE PASSAGE OF TIME AND IMPROVEMENT IN

PERFORMANCE

I. Early Matured Boy & II. Average Boy

Age (yr) 11 (G1 PH1) 12 ½ (G3 PH2) 13 ¼ (G5 PH4) 14 ½ (G5 PH5)

12

(G1

PH1)

13 ¾

(G3

PH2)

14 ¾

(G5

PH4)

15 ½

(G5

PH5)

HEIGHT (OLYMPIANS)

ADOLESCENT VARIATIONS

GROWTH AT ADOLESCENCE

SHAPE CHANGES (PROPORTIONS)

BODY WEIGHT

DISTANCE CURVES (HEIGHT NORMS)

THE VALUE OF VELOCITY CANNOT BE DETERMINED WITHOUT MEASURING THE INDIVIDUAL TWICE

Table-16.2: Evaluation of maturity status of four boys of Table 16.1 with the help of their body build index rating scale given in Table 16.3.

Sub-

ject

B.B.I. At age Direction

of

Velocity

Evaluation of

Maturity Status

Probable Stage Expected

Future

Growing

Period

13 14 V

A 993 1003 +10 Positive Pre-adolescent

(Average boy)

Middle of Spurt

increasing Velocity

5.0 to 6.5

years

B 1034 1033 -01 Negative Post-adolescent

(Early maturer)

Beginning of Post-

adolescent

4.0 to 5.5

years.

C 1031 1003 -28 Negative Post-adolescent

(Early Maturer)

Middle Spurt

decreasing Velocity

period

3.0 to 4.5

year

D 853 864 +11 Positive Pre-adolescent

(Late Maturer)

Beginning of Spurt 6.5 to 8.0

years

Table 16.3 Body build index rating scale of maturity status of teen aged boys

B.B.I.* Velocity

Direction

Maturity Status Probable Stage Expected Future

Growing

durations

Age*

*

Upto 925

Positive Preadolescent

(Late Maturer)

Early/beginning

spurt

6.5 to 8.0 years 14

Negative Postadolescent

(Early Maturer)

Terminal 1.5 to 2.5 years 14

From 925

to 1000

Positive Preadolescent Middle of spurt 5.0 to 6.5 years 14

Negative Postadolescent

(Early Maturer)

Middle of spurt of

Terminal

3.0 to 4.5 years 14

1001 to

1100

Positive Preadolescent Terminal spurt 4.5 to 6.0 years 14

Negative Post adolescent

(Early Maturer)

Early or Middle

spurt

3.0 to 4.5 years 14

More than

1100

Positive Preadolescent Terminal spurt 4.5. To 6.0 years 14

Negative Post adolescent

(Early Maturer)

Beginning 4.0 to 5.5 years 14

STEPS FOR SPORTS TALENT IDENTIFICATION

1. Knowledge of Growth patterns and Maturity Status.

2. Methods of Predicting Adult Physique & Performance Potentials at young age.

3. Specific Physique & Physiological Requirements of each sports event.

4. Scientific Methods of Evaluation.

1. Percent Mature Status Method =

2. Percentile Follow-up Method = Centile

Established & Adult value.

3. Multiple Regression Equation Method

(e.g. Predicted Adult Height PAH = 1.22

height (cm) – 7.2 Age (yrs) – 0.4 RUS

Bone Age (yrs) +82.)

4. Combination Method = Quite Advance

cannot be considered now.

PREDICTION METHODS OF ADULT STATUS

YOUR PRACTICAL KEYTEST = Tool OR QUESTIONNAIRE

MEASUREMENT = Measured Value (ANY READING)EVALUATION = Giving Meaning TO THE READING

1. Human Growth Patterns.

2. Anthropometry (Kinanthropometry)

3. Fitness Measurement.

4. Training Methods (For example, Circuit Training).

5. Sincerity & Spirituality in Exercise Prescription for Training.

AGE VARIATIONS

1. Chronological Age = Passage of time in years, months, days after birth. (Measure from Calendar).

2. Biological Age = Milage covered on the Path of Maturity (Measured from skeletal Age, Secondary Sex characters, Dental Age, Physiological, Morphological or Bio-chemical markers etc.).

KNOWLEDGE OF GROWTH PATTERNS

EXISTING STATUS: Physical growth, although most important but least known and least utilised in Physical Education, Fitness and Sports fields.

DESIREBLE STATUS:

1. Anthropometry and Physical Growth patterns should be an essential paper of each graduate and Postgraduate Physical Education and Coaching Course.

2. To Coaches and Physical Education Teachers must learn practical measurement of Physique and Growth Status, Sports Talent Selection methods.

OLYMPIC ATHLETES SELECTION CRITERIA

SPORT:

EVENT/POSITION

Age (yrs)

Mean + SD

Ht. (cm)

Mean + SD

Wt (kg)

Mean + SD

PI (Hirata)

Mean + SD

BMI

Mean + SD

Track & Field (Interna.)

Sprint

Jump

Middle Distance

Long Distance

Marathon

Shot-put

Discus

Hammer

Javelin

Track & Field (Nat.)

24.5 4.01

19.9 2.32

23.7 3.77

23.3 3.21

28.9 1.48

26.7 7.95

24.2 4.42

26.6 2.49

23.2 5.41

27.6 3.46

171.3 5.45

173.0 5.55

172.2 6.02

171.1 5.23

169.1 11.45

179.8 9.21

182.4 5.55

180.9 3.01

181.7 6.30

173.4 6.01

61.9 5.50

65.0 4.82

62.7 5.08

58.8 5.91

58.5 7.68

95.8 16.36

97.0 10.68

99.7 7.00

85.9 13.46

66.6 7.61

23.1 0.68

23.2 0.71

23.1 0.73

22.7 0.73

23.0 0.70

25.4 1.23

25.2 0.45

25.6 0.74

24.2 0.48

23.4 0.78

21.1 1.65

21.7 1.63

21.1 1.57

20.1 1.80

20.4 0.93

29.5 4.11

29.1 1.90

30.5 2.38

25.9 2.34

22.1 2.04

OLYMPIC ATHLETES SELECTION CRITERIA

SPORT:

EVENT/POSITION

Age (yrs)

Mean + SD

Ht. (cm)

Mean + SD

Wt (kg)

Mean + SD

PI (Hirata)

Mean + SD

BMI

Mean + SD

Badminton (Internat.)

Gymnastics (Internat)

Kabbadi (International)

Basketball (Internat)

Volleyball (Internat)

Volleyball (National)

Boxing (International)

Football (National)

Forwards

Halves

Backs

Goalkeepers

19.0 2.93

22.4 3.47

26.0 3.16

18.6 0.95

22.1 4.09

29.6 4.81

18.6 0.75

27.8 5.04

26.2 3.18

29.1 4.52

27.3 3.63

170.8 7.67

164.4 4.34

173.4 6.11

184.9 6.28

188.6 6.60

178.0 6.22

166.4 6.76

171.3 3.97

166.0 3.77

173.7 4.94

174.8 1.77

60.9 6.99

53.7 3.34

70.9 7.27

71.4 6.22

72.2 7.52

68.3 7.64

56.1 6.19

61.6 4.72

58.1 7.32

67.6 7.09

64.5 2.12

23.0 0.67

22.9 0.41

23.9 0.68

22.4 0.70

22.1 0.62

22.9 0.68

23.0 0.54

23.0 0.83

23.3 0.80

23.4 0.92

23.0 0.48

20.8 1.57

19.8 0.87

23.6 1.82

20.9 1.60

20.3 1.58

21.5 1.79

20.2 1.26

21.0 1.96

21.0 2.28

22.4 2.35

21.1 1.12

OLYMPIC ATHLETES SELECTION CRITERIA

SPORT:

EVENT/POSITION

Age (yrs)

Mean + SD

Ht. (cm)

Mean + SD

Wt (kg)

Mean + SD

PI (Hirata)

Mean + SD

BMI

Mean + SD

Hockey (International)

Forwards

Halves

Backs

Goalkeepers

Judo (International)

65 kg

71 kg

78 kg

86 kg

21.2 2.09

22.7 2.51

22.7 3.23

20.6 2.00

21.0 5.60

21.6 4.92

27.2 6.24

27.2 0.47

169.4 8.18

170.6 6.52

172.8 5.64

179.1 4.53

168.4 4.68

168.8 4.73

172.1 3.66

179.3 4.88

66.5 4.26

65.6 4.94

72.9 4.63

74.2 8.87

63.8 1.97

71.1 1.60

81.2 1.64

88.0 0.00

23.9 1.09

23.6 0.84

24.2 0.62

23.4 0.74

23.7 0.71

24.6 0.85

25.2 0.58

24.8 0.68

23.3 2.18

22.6 1.90

24.4 1.35

23.1 2.30

22.6 1.45

25.0 1.92

27.5 1.35

27.4 1.49

ADULT PREDICTIONS

Measured

Height(cm)

Predicted Height Measured

Height

Predicted Height

09

age

10 11 09

age

10 11

120

122

124

126

128

130

132

134

157

159

162

165

167

170

172

175

153

155

157

159

162

164

166

168

--

--

152

154

156

158

160

163

136

138

140

142

144

146

148

150

178

180

182

184

186

189

191

193

171

173

176

178

181

183

186

188

165

168

170

172

175

177

180

183

DECIMAL AGE CALCULATION TABLEMonths: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

MonthDays

1JAN

7July

8 Aug.

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

000

003

055

008

011

014

016

019

022

025

027

030

033

036

038

496

499

501

504

507

510

512

515

518

521

523

526

529

532

534

581

584

586

589

592

595

597

600

603

605

608

611

614

616

619

Date of Calculation = 15.07.2007 = 2007.534

Date of Birth = 07.08.1985 = 1985.597 Decimal Age = 21.937 Years

TABLE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IN USA

1. Cardio-vascular Inactivity diseases…….. 62.4%

2. Cancer…………………………………... 22.5%

3. Accidents……………………………….. 04.5%

4. Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases……….. 03.7%

5. Pneumonia & Influenza (Viral Flu)…….. 03.0%

6. Diabetes Mellitus……………………….. 01.5%

7. Suicide………………………………….. 01.4%

8. Liver Diseases (Cirrhosis)……………… 01.0%

-------

Say, 100%

---------

MODERN TECHNOLOGY HAS ALMOST ELIMINATED THE NEED FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR ALL

Pre-contemplation Unconvinced for

Benefits of Physical Activity

Contemplation

Accepting

Benefits

Preparation Stage Seeking Equipment

& Guidance

Action Started

Exercise Routines

with Company

Maintenance Consistency for Five

Years

Adoption Behaviour

Changed to Regular

Life Long Activity

FACTS ABOUT MINERALS

Daily need, tolerable upper limits (wherever reported), main sources, function and deficiency symptoms of six minerals in male & female adults.

Minerals Name

AL-Adequate Intake/RDA

Tolerable Upper Limit

Main Sources in Food

Main Functions Deficiency Symptoms

Calcium 1200 mg 2500 mg Cheese, milk, dark green veg., sardines; legumes.

Teeth and bones; blood clotting; nerves & muscles Functions.

Weak & pain-ful, bones, muscle spa-sms,Osteoporosis.

Phosphorus

700 mg 3000 mg Meat; Poultry; fish; eggs. Legumes; milk products.

Teeth & bones; release of energy from nutrients.

Bone pain and fractures, weight loss, weakness.

Sodium 1500 mg 2300 mg Table salt; Most foods.

Water balance; nerves function.

Weakness, muscle cramps.

Potassium 4700 mg Not known yet

Oranges; bananas; meats bran, pota-toes, dried beans.

Fluid balance in cells, nerves function, bone formation.

Irregular heart-beat, nausea, wea-kness, paralysis.

Magnesium 420 mg M

320 mg F

-do- Green vegetables; grains; nuts; beans yeast.

Breaking down of glucose & protiens, regulates body temp.

Weakness, sleeplessness, muscle spasms

Iron 08 mg M

18 mg F

45 mg

45 mg

Liver;red meats dark green veg. shellfish, nuts, dried beans.

Oxygen carrier in RBC component of myog-lobin (a muscle protein).

Nutritional anemia, overall weakness, fatigue, pale appearance.

Name Daily Need Tolerable Upper limit

Main Sources in Food

Main Functions

Deficiency Symptoms

VITAMIN-A (Retinol) (Betacarotene is 'provitamin' for vitamin-A)

900 ug

5000 IU

3000 ug Milk, Cheese, eggs, liver, yellow & dark green fruits.

Strong bones, teeth, skin, gums, hair, vision in dim light.

Weak bones, dry skin, night blindness, easy infection.

VITAMIN-D(1,25 dihydroxy-cholecalciferol)

10-15 ug

400 IU

50 ug Fortified Milk,Cod liver oil,egg yolk, milkproduct.

Absorption of Ca. & phosph-orus, nerve & muscle activity

Calcium loss, Osteoporosis.

VITAMIN-E (Alpha-tocopherol)

15 mg

30 IU

1000 mg Oils & fats, yellow & green leafy vegeta., margarine.

Antioxidant, prevents cell membranes in blood cells, lungs.

Muscle loss, nerve damage, anemia, weak-ness, cramps.

VITAMIN-K (Phylloquinone, menaquinone

120 ug

80 mcg

Leafy vegeta. cabbage, peas, potatoes, eggs etc.

Normal blood clotting, calcium addition to bones.

Bleeding, decrease calcium in bones.

FACTS ABOUT VITAMINS

Daily need, tolerable upper limits (wherever reported), main sources, functions and

deficiency symptoms of fat soluble (ADE & K) vitamins in adults.

Name Daily Need Tolerable Upper limit

Main Sources in Food

Main Functions Deficiency Symptoms

B1 (Thiamin) 1.1 mg Not known yet

Legumes, whole

grain, nuts, lean meats & poultary, milk, cheese, beans.

Promotes appetite, release energy, nerve & muscle functions.

Fatigue, nerve disorder, im-paired growth, confusion nau-sea, spasms.

B2 (Riboflavin)

1.2 mg -do- Milk, eggs, leafy vegeta. beans & peas, whole grain.

Energy release, healthy skin, vision, growth & development.

Cracks at both corners of mouth, fatigue, impaired vision.

B3 (Niacin) 14-16 mg 35 mg -do- Same as of B2 & nervous regulation.

Pellagra; mental disorders, fatigue.

B9 (Folate, folacin, folic acid)

400 mcg 1000 ug -do- & oranges, bananas, broccoli.

Formation of proteins & RBC.

Diarrhea; red, sore tongue, anemia

B7 (Biotin) 30 mcg Not known yet

-do- Metabolism and synthesis of fats.

Depression, hair loss, muscle pain.

B6 (Pyroxidine)

1.3 mg 100 mg -do- & potatoes and tomato.

Protein & fatty acid synthesis, RBC formations.

Depression, irrit-ability, muscles spasms, anemia, kidney stone.

FACTS ABOUT VITAMINSDaily need, tolerable upper limits (wherever reported), main sources, functions and

deficiency symptoms of water soluble (B Complex & C) vitamins in adults.

60

B.M.I. Range

61

Ignorance of the Educated

So called educated people having university degrees

in education are almost ignorant about their physical

personality development, wellness, personal daily

requirement of exercise and food.

Solution : Creation of CAKE (Centre of Application of

physical activity Knowledge – Existing) and addition

of one paper of Physical Personality Development to

qualifying for any graduation degree, specially for

B.Ed.

62

Skill Dominance for Fitness

1. Pulse rate (Heart Rate).

2. Body Weight.

3. Height (accurate upto 1 mm) in F.H.Plane.

4. B.M.I. for Percentage body fat.

5. B.P.

6. Acronyms – Help CAPPCAT, BSF RICH.

63

Help for All

H = Health

E = for Everyone

L = Life Long

P = Personalized

64

An Educated person is = CAPPCAT (Community College, Rhode, USA)

C = Communication Skills Reading, Writing etc.

A = Analysis by thinking, observing, creativity.

P = Problem Solving Skills (scientific approach).

P = Physical Personality Developed.

C = Cultures of the World.

A = Awareness to self and social responsibility.

T = Team work ability.

65

Who is Physically EducatedKnowing description of BSF RICH-V,

(National Association of Sport & Physical Education, 1992).

B = Benefits of Physical Activity.

S = Skills of Physical Activity.

F = Remaining Fit.

R = Regular Moderate Physical Activity.

I = Implications of inactivity.

CH= Contribution to Health by Physical Activities.

V = Values Physical Activity.

VALID WAY OF MANAGEMENT

Valid Management is not possible without understanding biological measuring scale based on Mean + S.D. tabulated below :

MAIN POINTS OF THE VALID GRADATION SCALE

First + 0.5 SD = 38.30% 38%

Next + 0.5 SD = 29.96% 68%

Next + 0.5 SD = 18.38% 87%

Next + 0.5 SD = 08.80% 95%

Next + 0.5 SD = 03.32% 98%

Next + 0.5 SD = 0.97% 99%

BODY MASS INDEX TABLE

AREA OF NORMAL CURVE

NORMAL CURVE AREA PERCENTAGE

YOUR PRACTICAL KEYTEST = Tool OR QUESTIONNAIRE

MEASUREMENT = Measured Value (ANY READING)EVALUATION = Giving Meaning TO THE READING

1. Human Growth Patterns.

2. Anthropometry (Kinanthropometry)

3. Fitness Measurement.

4. Training Methods (For example, Circuit Training).

5. Sincerity & Spirituality in Exercise Prescription for Training.

MY LOCKED UP PALACE

1. PE has the biggest portions of human HAPPINESS Palace.

2. PE has the biggest portion of Human Recreation Palace.

3. PE has the biggest portion of Wealth Palace.

4. PE has the biggest portion of Fitness Palace.

5. PE has the biggest portion of Sports Palace.

6. PE has the biggest portion of Health Palace.

7. PE has the biggest portion of Education or Humanism.

P.E.T. is a permanent member of School Health Team for

looking after the entire School Health Programme consisting

of

1. SCHOOL HEALTH

SERVICES

2. HEALTH SCHOOL

ENVIRONMENT

3. SCHOOL HEALTH

EDUCATION SYSTEM.

1. Screening and

assessment of Health

status in the beginning of

Academic Session.

2. Observation and

Periodic health

Examination.

3. Health Counselling.

4. Recommendations for

Physical Education and

School Activities.

5. Emerging policies &

First Aid.

6. Immunizations and

Testing procedures

availability.

7. Cumulative Health

Records.

1. Friendly Staff-Student

Relationship.

2. Healthful School

Schedule and School

Environment.

3. Keeping Sanitation,

lighting, ventilation

standards.

4. Safety Inspection.

5. Safe & Sports Education

Fitness.

6. Safe Food Programme.

7. Safe Bus Operation.

1. Planned Health

Curriculum (Graded).

2. Adequate Teacher

Preparation.

3. Adequate Resource

material.

4. Health Education for

Parents & Staff.

5. Compulsory Physical

Education contents for

Fitness & Sports.

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