Rizal’s Exile in DapitanPrepared by: Benz Karim

• Rizal was brought under a maximum security to the steamer S.S. Cebu

headed by Capt. Delgras on the 15th of July, 1892, which sailed to Dapitan.

• Rizal carried a letter by Father Pablo Pastells, Superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines, to Father Antonio Obach, Jesuit missionary in Dapitan.

Fr . Pablo Pastells Fr. Antonio Obach

  1.That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that were clearly  pro-Spanish and against revolution. 

   2.That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past life. 

   3.That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a man of religion.

Father Superior  Pastells informed Father Obach  that Rizal could live at the parish convent on the following conditions:

However, Rizal did not agree . .

.

• He   lived  in  the  house  of  the   commandant, Captain Carnicero.

Consequently . . .

Capitan Ricardo Carnicero

The relations between Carnicero and Rizal were warm and  friendly. Rizal admired the kind, generous Spanish captain.

He then wrote a poem, A Don Ricardo Carnicero, on August 26, 1892 on the occasion of the captain's birthday.

Home of Commandant Carnicero

            Rizal's share

Wins in Manila Lottery

P 20 000

            On September 21, 1892 the  mail  boat  Butuan  was approaching the town of Dapitan carrying a Lottery ticket No. 9736 jointly owned  by  Captain Carnicero,  Dr.  Rizal and  Francisco  Equilior won  the  second prize  of P20,000 in the government-owned Manila Lottery.

P 6 200

P 2 000Rest of his

moneyP 200

He gave to his father

To Basa in Hong Kong

He invested by purchasing agricultural lands along the coast  of  Talisay.

Wins in Manila Lottery

"This  was his only vice," commented Wenceslao E. Retana, his first Spanish biographer and former enemy. 

Three (3) pesetas – amount Rizal allotted for lottery tickets every month

Rizal-Pastells Debate on Religion

The debate started when Pastells sent Rizal a book by Sarda along with an advice that Rizal should desist from his majaderas (foolishness) in viewing religion from the perspective of individual judgement and self-esteem.

The debate can be read in four (4) letters. Rizal was bitter against the friars because they commit abuses under the cloak of religion. Father Pastells tried to bring back to Catholicism Rizal by telling him that human intelligence is limited, thus he needs the guidance of God.

Rizal-Pastells Debate on Religion

Pastells gave Rizal a copy of Imitacion de Cristo by Fr. Thomas Kempis.

Behind the debate, Pastells and Rizal were friends as evidently pictured when:

Rizal gave Pastells a bust of St. Paul which he had made Rizal continued to hear mass and celebrate religious events.

Rizal Challenges a Frenchman to a Duel

Mr. Juan Lardet – a French businessman

whom Rizal had a conflict.

Rizal and Father Sanchez

In his aspiration to reconcile Rizal with the Church, Father Pastells sent to Dapitan:

1. Father Obach, Cura of Dapitan2. Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Cura of Dipolog3. Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez, Rizal’s favorite teacher at Ateneo de Manila

Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez• Estudios sobre la lengua tagala – manuscript which Rizal gave to Sanchez on his birthday (Study of the Tagalog language)

Idyllic Life in DapitanAmong his family members who visited Rizal were:1. His mother2. His sisters Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa 3. Nephews Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricio and Prudencio

Rizal built a house by the seashore of Talisay

surrounded by fruit trees, a school for boys, and a hospital

for his patients.

Rizal’s Encounter with the Friar’s Spyo Pablo Mercado – assumed name of the spy who visited Rizal at his house and pretended to be a relative by showing a photo of Rizal and a pair of buttons with the initials P.M. as evidence of kinship.

oThe spy offered to be Rizal’s courier of letters for the patriots in Manila. Rizal became suspicious and wanted to throw the spy outside but considering his values and late hour of the night, he offered the spy to spend the night at his house. The next day, he sent the spy away.

oThe spy stayed in Dapitan and spread talks among the people that he was a relative to Rizal. Rizal went to the comandancia and reported the impostor to Captain Juan Sitges (successor of Carnicero) Sitges ordered Pablo Mercado’s arrest and told Anastacio Adriatico to investigate him immediately.

o Florencio Namanan a.k.a Pablo Mercado, single and about 30 years old who was hired by the Recollect friars to spy on Rizal’s activities .The secret mission of Pablo Mercado was not an assassination attempt but espionage only.

Rizal as a Physician

Dona Teodora and Maria lived with Rizal for a year and a half. It is here when Rizal operated his mother’s right eye. Though the operation was successful, his mother had a wound infection after ignoring Rizal’s instruction of not removing the bandages. However, the infection was immediately treated.

Rizal as a Physician

Don Ignacio Tumarong Rizal’s patient who was able to see again after his operation;-he paid Rizal P3,000 Don Florencio Azcarraga, rich haciendero of Aklan who was cured of eye ailment, in turn he gave Rizal a cargo of sugar. Rizal prescribed medicinal plants to his poor patients.

Rizal as an Engineer

• As a perito agrimensor (expert surveyor), Rizal applied his engineering knowledge by constructing a system of waterworks to furnish clean water to the townspeople.

Talisay Water System

Mr. H.F. Cameron, an American engineer who praised Rizal for his engineering ingenuity.

Rizal as an Engineer

Rizal had drained the marshes to get rid of malaria that was infesting Dapitan; equipped the town with lighting system using P500 one of his patients paid him. The lighting system consisted of Coconut oil lamps; beautified the town of Dapitan by remodelling the town plaza and making a huge relief map of Mindanao out of earth, stones and grass.

Rizal as an Educator

Rizal established in Dapitan a school. It began with 3 pupils who increased to 16 and eventually 21. 16 of his pupils did not pay tuition. Instead of charging them fees, Rizal made them work in his gardens and construction projects.

Formal classes were between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. He also applied the “emperor” system like that of Ateneo.

During recess, pupils built fires to drive away insects, pruned fruit trees and manured the soil. Outside class hours, students had gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, stone- throwing, swimming, arnis and boating.

Hymn to Talisay - a poem Rizal wrote in honor of Talisay which he made his pupils sing.

Rizal as an Educator

Rizal as a Scientist

Contributions to ScienceRizal sent specimens he found to the

museum of Europe especially the Dresden Museum. In turn, he received scientific books

and surgical instruments.

He had built up a rich collection of conchology (consisting of 346 shells of 203 species)

He had discovered rare specimens like:

Rhacophorus rizali (a rare

frog)

Draco rizali (a flying dragon)

Apogonia rizali ( a small beetle)

Rizal as a Linguist

Continuing his study of languages, Rizal learned in Dapitan:

1.Bisayan2.Subanun3.Malay languages

Rizal as a Linguist

He knew by that time 22 languages as follows Tagalog, Malay, Ilokano, Hebrew, Bisayan, Sanskrit, Subanun, Dutch, Spanish, Catalan Latin, Italian, Greek, Chinese, English, Japanese, French , Portuguese, German, Swedish, Arabic, Russian.

Rizal as an Artist

To pursue his artistic activities, Rizal: 1. Contributed paintings to the Sisters of Charity who were preparing the sanctuary of the Holy Virgin.

2. Made sketches of persons and things that attracted him in Dapitan.

4.Constructed a statue of a girl called “The Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine Bracken.

5.Made a bust of St. Paul for Father Pastells .

3.Modeled a statuette called “The Mother’s Revenge” to stress the moral of the incident where a puppy of his dog, Syria, was eaten by a crocodile.

Rizal as Farmer

Rizal acquired total land holdings of 70 hectares where 6,000 hemp plants, 1,000 coconut trees and numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee and cacao were planted.

He planned to establish an agricultural colony in Sitio Ponot because it was ideal for raising cacao, coffee, coconuts and cattle. However, this did not materialize due to lack of support from the government.

Rizal as Farmer

Rizal as Businessman

Rizal as Businessman Ramon Carreon – Rizal’s business partner in Dapitan Rizal made profitable business ventures in fishing, copra and hemp industries.

Hemp industry – Rizal’s most profitable business.

Once he shipped 150 bales of hemp to Manila. He purchased hemp in Dapitan at P7 and 4 reales per picul and he sold it to Manila at P10 and 4 reales.

Rizal also engaged in lime manufacturing. Their lime burner had a monthly capacity of more than 400 bags of lime.

He organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers to break Chinese monopoly.

Rizal as Inventor

Rizal as Inventor

1. Cigarette lighter which he sent as a gift to Blumentritt called “sulpukan”

Among Rizal’s inventions were:

2. A wooden machine for making bricks.

“My Retreat”Upon restoring her eyesight, Dona Teodora returned to Manila. Seeing how busy Rizal is, she regretted neglecting her muses. She requested Rizal to write poetry. As a response, Rizal wrote “Mi Retiro” relating his serene life as an exile in Dapitan.

Rizal and Josephine Bracken

The death of Leonor Rivera left a poignant void in Rizal’s heart. In his loneliness, he met Josephine…

Irish girl

born in Hong Kong.

James Bracken and Elizabeth Jane MacBride – Josephine’s parents who are both Irish in citizenship.

Josephine Bracken

Mr. George Taufer – man who adopted Josephine after her mother died of childbirth.

Mr. George Taufer…

Mr. Taufer became blind so he sought for an ophthalmic specialist.

Rizal and Josephine Bracken decided to get married but Father Obach refused to marry them without the permission of Bishop of Cebu.

Hearing of the planned marriage and unable to endure the thought of losing Josephine, Mr. Taufer tried to commit suicide by cutting off his throat with a razor but Rizal was able to prevent this.

Manuela Orlac – Filipina companion who accompanied Josephine Bracken to Dapitan.

Rizal and Josephine Bracken

o The two were happy for they were expecting for a baby. However, Rizal played a prank on Josephine making her give birth to an eight-month baby boy. The baby lived for only three hours. He was named “Francisco” in honor of Rizal’s father.

o To avoid a tragedy, Josephine accompanied Mr. Taufer back to Manila. Mr. Taufer returned to Hong Kong alone while Josephine stayed with the Rizals in Manila. Having no priests to marry them, Rizal and Josephine married themselves before the eyes of God

Rizal and Josephine Bracken

Rizal and the Katipunan Pio Valenzuela – emissary to Dapitan in order to inform Rizal of the plan of Katipunan during the meeting at a little river called Bitukang Manok.

Venus – steamer Valenzuela boarded to reach Dapitan.

Raymundo Mata – blind man who came with Valenzuela to camouflage his mission. Rizal objected Bonifacio’s project because: 1.The people are not ready for a revolution. 2. Arms and funds must first be collected before raising the cry of revolution.

Volunteers as Military Doctor in Cuba When Cuba was under revolution and raging yellow fever epidemic, Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramon Blanco offering his services as military doctor.

Governor Blanco later notified Rizal of the acceptance of the offer. The notification came along with an instruction of acquiring first a pass for Manila from the politico-military commander of Dapitan.

Governor General Ramon Blanco

Upon receiving the acceptance of his offer to go to Europe then to Cuba to help in the curing of patients suffering yellow fever, he wrote a poem “El Canto del Viajero”.

“The Song of the Traveler”

España – steamer which brought Rizal to Manila from Dapitan. Rizal was accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica (Narcisa’s daughter), his three nephews and six pupils.

As farewell, the town brass of Dapitan played the dolorous Funeral March of Chopin. He stayed in Dapitan for four years, thirteen days and a few hours.

The End…