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Period 6: 1900-Present
REASONS FOR REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA
Czar’s government used fear and terror
Weak Leadership of Czar Nicholas II
Russia was an autocracy!The Czar had
complete power
Huge difference between social classes
(4/5 of population were peasants)
Czar’s wife under influence of Rasputin
Agitation from intelligentsia, socialists, communists
And anarchists
Defeat in Russo-Japanese War (1905)
Czar kept dismissing the Duma
Bloody Sunday Massacre (1905)
Russia’s Involvement in World War I1. Defeated by German army – many Russians captured or killed2. Russian army had outdated and limited weapons3. Railway network was poor – limited transport of food and supplies4. Czar took command of army – He was directly to blame!
The Rise of a Leader
The Rise of an Ideology
The March Revolution (Provisional Government)
The November Revolution (Bolshevik)
The New Economic Policy
Film Clip
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
What part of the story is this painting depicting?
Soviet Empire and Socialist RealismSoviet Empire and Socialist Realism
Do Now:Do Now: Why would communist leaders want art that looked realistic instead of abstract?
Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin
Death of Lenin: 1924Death of Lenin: 1924
• Lenin suffered from a series of strokes in 1922-1923
• He was unable to walk or speak and eventually died in 1924
• Lenin suffered from a series of strokes in 1922-1923
• He was unable to walk or speak and eventually died in 1924
Lenin’s death set off a fearsome power struggle
between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky with
terrible consequences for the Russian people….
Lenin’s death set off a fearsome power struggle
between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky with
terrible consequences for the Russian people….
• Prominent member of the Politburo
• Named Secretary of the communist party and built up political alliances
• Ruthless and power-hungry
• Prominent member of the Politburo
• Named Secretary of the communist party and built up political alliances
• Ruthless and power-hungry
StalinStalin TrotskyTrotsky
• Part of military organization • Led the Red army to fight the White
army during the Civil War.• Great speaker and intellectual who
wanted a world-wide communist revolution
• Part of military organization • Led the Red army to fight the White
army during the Civil War.• Great speaker and intellectual who
wanted a world-wide communist revolution
Killed in 1940!Killed in 1940!Stalin schemed his way into power, using a series of ruthless political moves
Stalin schemed his way into power, using a series of ruthless political moves
“I am not sure that Comrade Stalin will always use his power properly. Comrade Trotsky, on the other
hand, is distinguished by his outstanding ability.” Lenin’s Will (1923).
“I am not sure that Comrade Stalin will always use his power properly. Comrade Trotsky, on the other
hand, is distinguished by his outstanding ability.” Lenin’s Will (1923).
• Lenin set down the brutal rules for the Soviet System.
• Stalin built that system into a global power
• Lenin set down the brutal rules for the Soviet System.
• Stalin built that system into a global power
• Lenin was willing to share power & tolerate some debate inside the Party.
• Stalin insisted on absolute obedience and all the power.
• Lenin was willing to share power & tolerate some debate inside the Party.
• Stalin insisted on absolute obedience and all the power.
• Lenin took great risks to spread Communist Revolution.
• Stalin wanted security and power for the Soviet Union even if it harmed the chances for Communist revolution elsewhere.
• Lenin took great risks to spread Communist Revolution.
• Stalin wanted security and power for the Soviet Union even if it harmed the chances for Communist revolution elsewhere.
Glorification of StalinGlorification of Stalin
Religious PersecutionReligious Persecution
Five-Year PlansFive-Year Plans
CollectivizationCollectivization
Reign of TerrorReign of Terror
Control of Cultural LifeControl of Cultural Life
Examine images of Stalin and categorize them into one of
these 6 groups!
The Glorification of Stalin
Stalin developed what became known as a "personality cult".
Artists painted pictures glorifying
Stalin and His accomplishments.
The Glorification of StalinHe gained the nickname "Uncle Joe" which was an attempt to develop an
image of a kind, homely man who was the ‘father’ of all Russians.
Leader Stalin with scouts
• Stalin's control over Russia meant that freedom was the one thing that people lost.
• The people of Russia had to read, listen to, see and learn only what the state allowed.
• The state’s control of the media was total.
State-Controlled MediaState-Controlled Media
This was all called "Social Realism". Those who wrote poems and novels had to glorify Stalin. Some artists and authors were so depressed by all this that they
committed suicide rather than do what the state ordered them to do. Many others tried to leave the country.
"Stalin as an Organizer of the October Revolution" by Karp Trokhimenko
Socialist Realism Art
• Those who attempted to listen to or read anything else were severely punished and sent to labor camps.
According to these images, what do you think is a major goal that Stalin wants to
achieve?
According to these images, what do you think is a major goal that Stalin wants to
achieve?
Read Document and answer
question
•Stalin ended Lenin’s NEP, which allowed some capitalism•Agriculture was collectivized, and large scale forced labor enforced upon peasants.•Plan was to increase crop production and use profits for State industry
CollectivizationCollectivization
Celebration on a collective farm
•As a result of their opposition, several million peasants met death by an engineered famine and genocide.
•As a result of their opposition, several million peasants met death by an engineered famine and genocide.
Ukrainian Famine
Film ClipFilm Clip
Success of Collectivization
They are writing about us in Pravda
Do Now:
1. Get into groups of 4
2. Exchange Storybooks
3. Read and Critique Storybooks using worksheet.
4. Be honest, but also be kind!
1. Get into groups of 4
2. Exchange Storybooks
3. Read and Critique Storybooks using worksheet.
4. Be honest, but also be kind!
Industrialization
•Stalin started the rapid development of economy with Five-Year Plans, first of which were launched in 1927.
•All the resources were commanded by state to ensure rapid industrialization.
•Heavy investment was done in industry, at the cost of agriculture and consumer goods.
•Stalin started the rapid development of economy with Five-Year Plans, first of which were launched in 1927.
•All the resources were commanded by state to ensure rapid industrialization.
•Heavy investment was done in industry, at the cost of agriculture and consumer goods.
Alexey Stakhanov – Hero of Socialism
“Planner’s Preferences” not “Consumer’s Preferences”
Command Economy
A Russian Family with
Stalin.
A Russian Family with
Stalin.
Cultural Life
How does Stalin use Socialist Realist Art and Propaganda to control
people?
How does Stalin use Socialist Realist Art and Propaganda to control
people?
'Thanks to the Party, Thanks to Dear Stalin for
a Happy, Joyful Childhood'
How does Stalin use Socialist Realist Art and Propaganda to
control people?
How does Stalin use Socialist Realist Art and Propaganda to
control people?
Female Athletes
Education
Education
Communist Values
• The Great Purges – 1934 and 1939. • Stalin put on ‘show trials’, where the accused pleaded guilty to impossible charges of
treason. • During Stalin's rule of the country over 20 million people were sent to labor camps,
where nearly half of them died.
• The Great Purges – 1934 and 1939. • Stalin put on ‘show trials’, where the accused pleaded guilty to impossible charges of
treason. • During Stalin's rule of the country over 20 million people were sent to labor camps,
where nearly half of them died.
Reign of Terror
Doctored Photos
Doctored Photos
Doctored Photos
Why the hell would anyone make those works on their own? We were ordered. If you didn’t agree to do it,
they would either kill you or send you to Siberia. Naturally the entire culture was declared as a tool for
propaganda. If you wanted to do something for yourself, art for yourself, you had to also give a tribute
to the ideology.” - Lithuanian artist
Why the hell would anyone make those works on their own? We were ordered. If you didn’t agree to do it,
they would either kill you or send you to Siberia. Naturally the entire culture was declared as a tool for
propaganda. If you wanted to do something for yourself, art for yourself, you had to also give a tribute
to the ideology.” - Lithuanian artist
Social-Realism “Social on the inside and realistic on the outside,”
the most effective style for controlling the public.
Western Art
Comparison
Comparison
Comparison
In turn, artists complied with State demands and produced in a naturalist, academic style. They wouldn't dare to even dream of abstract art.
In turn, artists complied with State demands and produced in a naturalist, academic style. They wouldn't dare to even dream of abstract art.
“Ideas are more powerful than guns. We would not let our
enemies have guns, why should we let them have ideas.”
Marcel Duchamp - Cubism
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2
1912
Marcel Duchamp
Fountain
Salvador Dali Persistence of Memory
Salvador DaliSurrealism
Salvador Dali
Andy Warhol – Pop Art
Andy Warhol
Jackson Pollack, 1950
Socialist Realism
Abstract Art
