1. New Restricted Use Insecticide ChoicesinPeanuts, VegetablesDr. Ayanava Majumdar (Dr. A)Ext. Entomologist &State SARE CoordinatorAuburn, AL 36849Tel: (251) 331-8416bugdoctor@auburn.eduPesticide Dealer Meetings, Nov 2014

2. What is IPM? Integrated pest management (IPM) is a thresholdbased decision management system which leads tojudicious use of multiple pest control tactics. IPM is currently insecticide-intensive Major losses occur due to: Lack of early detection of insects Insecticide resistance by misuse Loss of natural control with insecticides 3. Decision making in IPM Insect detection & monitoring Insect identification Population pressure Economic threshold Make treatment decision Choosing right insecticide 4. Insecticide Mode of Action (MoA)Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC): 8 MoAsSensory neuronReceiving neuronInhibit enzyme that breaksdown neurotransmitterCarbamates, OP (act inthe synaptic gap)Cyclodienes,Pyrethroids (acton receiving neuron)Neonicotinoids,Spinosyn (mimicneurotransmitter)Flow of info 5. Trends in synthetic chemistries Early insecticides were shortchain>>quick activation New insecticides: need activationby insect enzyme systems (target-specific)CarbarylMalathionZeta-cypermethrin ImidaclopridSpinetoramChlorantraniliproleIndoxacarb 6. Spider mites: Dont flarethem up! Extensive webbing on leaves/stems Rapid buildup in hot dry weather Really flares up with too much insecticide use May be difficult to control in late outbreak 7. Step-by-step handbook use Identify the pest vs. beneficial Misidentification is common! E.g., predatory stink bug (A) vs. phytophagous stinkbug (B)Source: Clement Akotsen-Mensah, Alabama IPM Communicator newsletter, 2011, Vol. 2, Issue 3 8. NEW EPA BEE ADVISORY BOX 9. Peanut IPMGuideNew section in 2013:Cowpea aphidsMore selective insecticidesin the market!New section in 2011, 2012:Burrower bugsNew section in 2009, 2010:Lesser cornstalk borerMajor upgrades to theGuide 10. Alabama Peanut IPM Websitewww.aces.edu/go/88 11. LIKE Peanut IPM on Facebook!Advantages: Live updates, chat with researchers,videos and photos, IPM contest 12. Insecticide recommendations forsoil insects (updated in 2013)LCSBChlorpyrifos(banded overrow and peggingzone)SCRWChlorpyrifos(banded overrow and peggingzone)WirewormsChlorpyrifos(preplantbroadcast sprayon soil +incorporate ORBurrower bugsChlorpyrifos(banded overrow)What affects insecticide efficacy? banded)Timing & placement, soil temp. & moistureAphidsImidacloprid(directed sprayat plant base, 2applications)Irrigation + soil insecticide + vigorous peanut variety = integratedpest management (IPM) to prevent insect build-up 13. Lesser cornstalk borer survey, 2010Counties on alert:Geneva, Henry, Houston(drought-prone areas of AL)+ Baldwin, Washington &Escambia (may see outbreak ifdrought in 2011)46156327585361 563 763290901046357Total = 5,664 in 2010Numbers indicate total trap catches oncommercial peanut farms in a county through theentire production season (June-Sept.)Lee county peanutscontaminated with LCB, 2010 14. Insect Survey burrower bugs, 2010Counties on alert: Baldwin,Escambia, Monroe, Henry,HoustonWorst cases in Baldwin & HenryCounties. 15. Compared to July 2009Activity was 4X in 2010 16. Compared to July 2009Activity was 10X in 2010 17. Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope1234567Untr. check: 40 thrips/10 plants, 2-7 virus hits per 60 ft row 18. Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope1Spinoteram = Radiant, wipes out thrips and caterpillars 19. PEST ALERT: Cowpea aphids Not a new pest (since 1975) One of several aphid species Cowpea aphid abundance inGA peanuts Highland et al.1981 Host plants: alfalfa, cotton,cowpea, wheat, etc. Scouting: look for nymphs atpegs or look for exuviae(molted skin) Management: Imidaclopriddirected to the plant base (1 to2 appl.) 20. Reference for this talk:2013 SE Vegetable Production HandbookDownload athttp://www.thegrower.com/south-east-vegetable-guide/ 21. New Extension ResourcesComing in print in November 2014 22. Alternative IPM Slide Chart (General Use)Pest Management Slide chart available from 2014.Great for use by small, organic , and new producers. Save your copy! 23. www.aces.edu/go/8724 24. Join Vegetable IPM on Facebook!Advantages: Rapid pest alerts, interactive, insect IDphotos and videos, success stories, IPM contest 25. The Alabama IPM Communicator NewsletterOnline edition or Printable fileTO SUBSCRIBE VISIT WWW.ACES.EDU/IPMCOMMUNICATOR ANDCLICK ON SUBSCRIBE TAB. 26. CommonnameProduct Pesticide type OralLD50 (mg/kg)Best againstMalathion Malathion In (Co) 1000+ FB, CB, SqB,SB??Acephate Orthene In (Sys) 800+ FAW, Aph, ThrDiazinon Diazinon (RUP) I (Co) 400 WW, MGT, SqBChlorpyrifos Lorsban 15G In (Co) 95 MGT, CW, WW,FAWDimethoate Dimethoate IN (Sys) Aph,leafhoppers,psyllids, thripsIRAC Chemical class: 1B (Organophosphates)MoA: inhibitor of enzyme (AChE), hyperexcites insects 27. IRAC Chemical class: 3A (Pyrethroids)MoA: Act on sodium channels (receiving neuron)Contact/stomach: use for quick knock-down, nonselectiveCommon name Product PesticidetypeOral LD50(mg/kg)Best againstCyfluthrin Baythroid XL In (Co, St) 1200+ ImCW, SqVB, CW, SBGamma cyhalo Proaxis 0.5EC In (Co) - FB, CB, ECB, ImCW, SqVB,CWFenpropathrin Danitol 2.4EC In, Ac (Co,St)450 ImCW, SqVB, SqBZeta-cyper Mustang Max0.8 ECIn (Co) 150-400 FB, CW, CB, SB, ImCW,SqVBBifenthrin Brigade 2EC In, Ac (Co) 54 FB, CB, ImCW, SqVB, CWAsana XL insecticide 28. IRAC Chemical class: 4A (Neonicotinoids)MoA: Mimic neurotransmitter at neuromuscular joints, hyperactivitySystemic action: many weeks of protection against pests, apply earlyCommon name Product Pesticide type OralLD50 (mg/kg)Best againstThiamethoxam Platinum SC In (Sys) >5000 Aph, FB, CB, SBDinotefuran Venom 70SG In (Sys) >5000 FB, CPB, CB, SB, WFClothianidin Belay 3G In (Sys) 4700 FB, CPB, SqB, CBImidacloprid Admire 1.6FProvado FIn (Sys, Co,St)450 FB, CPB, Aph, SBCPB, CB, Aph, ThrAcetamiprid Assail 30SG In (Sys) - Aph, CPB, ThrAssail insecticide 29. Aphid Management IPM PlanNOTE: Use chemical control only when needed. Use selective materialswhen biological control agents (BCA) are at peak activity!6543210Class 4A(systemic)Aphid pop.Wk 1 Wk 2 Wk 3 Wk 4 Wk 5 Wk 6 Wk 7Early season (preventive tret.)Mid/late-season (therapeutic tret.)Class 9B(pymetrozine)Class 3(bifenthrin ONLY if needed)BCA 30. Common name Product Pesticide type OralLD50 (mg/kg)Best againstSulfoxaflor Closer In Aph, leafhopper,scale insectsIRAC Chemical class: 4CMoA: Nerve poison, primarily by ingestionLimited to 2 applications/season 31. Common name Product PesticidetypeOralLD50 (mg/kg)Best againstSpinosyn A, D Entrust (SpinTorphase out)In (St) >5000 CPB, ImCW, CEW, FAW,BAW, CL, DBMSpinetoram Radiant 1SC In (St) >5000 CPB, CEW, ECB, ImCW,CL, ThrIRAC Chemical class: 5 (Spinosyns)MoA: Mimic neurotransmitter, hyperexcite insectsSpinetoram (Radiant 1SC): Microbial fermentation derivate Application rate = 6-8 oz Preharvest interval (PHI) = 1-3 days Registered for many leafy veg., fruit crops, root crops, etc.Entrust: for ORGANIC producers 32. Growth Regulator InsecticidesIRAC Chemical class: 7C, 16, 17, 18Common name Product PesticidetypeOralLD50 (mg/kg)Best against Less effectiveMethoxyfenozide Intrepid 2F I (Co) >5000 CL, FAW, ImCW DBM, SqVBBuprofezin Courier I, Mi (Co) >5000 WFPyriproxifen Knack I (Co) >5000 WFGrowth regulators: Methoxyfenozide forces molting, long-lasting,4-10 oz, 1 day PHI Buprofezin inhibits chitin biosynthesis(homopteran), 9-13 oz, 7 day PHI Pyriproxifen mimics juvenile hormone(homop.), 8-10 oz, 14 day PHI 33. IRAC Chemical class: 9 (new chemistry)MoA: Unknown; selective homopteran feeding blockersCommon name Product Pesticide type OralLD50 (mg/kg)Best againstPymetrozine (9B) Fulfill 50WDG In (St) >5000 Aph, WFFlonicamid (9C) Beleaf 50SG In(St) >2000 AphFulfill 50WDG (Syngenta): Selective insecticide for aphid control Good residual, rainfast Application rates low: 2-2.8 oz/acre product PHI = 0 days 34. Novaluron (IGR, Chitin Inhibitor) Group 15 insecticide Application rate: 9 to 12 fl oz/A Stops chitin production in caterpillar pests Has ovi-larvicidal action 1 d PHI in tomato, okra, sweetpotato, potato 35. IRAC Chemical class: 28 (new chemistry-diamides)MoA: Ryanodine receptor modulators (acts inside muscles)Common name Product Pesticide type OralLD50 (mg/kg)Best againstChlorantraniliprole Coragen 1.67SC In (St, Co, Sys) >5000 CPB, CEW, ECB, FAW,BAW, CL, SqVB, SBFlubendiamide Belt 4SC In (Sys) >2000 CEW, ECB, CL, ImCW,BAW, FAWDiamides: Rapid inhibition of feeding, paralysis Selective insecticides, contact/stomach action No aphid or mite flaring Appl. rate = 3-5 oz (Coragen), 2 oz (Belt) 1 day PHICoragen hasgreattranslaminarand systemicproperties forearly seasonprotection! 36. Spider mite managementCAUTION: Many synthetic pyrethroids can flare up spider mites byremoving predatory mites and other beneficial insects.Abamectin (AgriMek, 8-16 fl oz/acre): Good rescue insecticide (may get some thrips) Contains synthetic abamectin and provides long-termresidual control of TSM. Do not apply more than two sequential applications ofabamectin. PHI on tomatoes is 7 days. 37. Spider mite managementBifenazate (Acramite, 0.75-1 lb/acre): MOA: GABA agonist Contact poison against motile stage of TSM Has some ovicidal action (kills eggs) Reduced toxicity to predaceous mites and beneficialarthropods. Do not make more than one application per season. PHI on tomatoes is 3 days. Available in small packaging. 38. Spider mite managementFenpyroximate (Portal, 2 pts/acre): Mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor(METI), blocking cellular respiration Stops mite feeding & egg laying, 7 days to kill Good late season rescue insecticide Limit to one application per year Softer on predatory mites Complete coverage essential 39. Spider mite managementEtoxazole (Zeal, 2 to 3 oz/acre): Good contact miticide but not labeled onmany crops Kills eggs and stops molting of immatures Sterilize adults Has translaminar movement Could take several days to act 40. (Boring?)Data SlidesBut picturescan make itinteresting!! 41. Tomato Fruit Protection Late Season Pest PressureCullman, AL, 2012Crop: Tomato, planting date: July 9, insecticides applied using C02 sprayer at 40 GPA. Replications = 4.Insecticide treatment dates: Sept. 6, 14, 21. Data indicates percent damaged fruits (10 fruits/plot).Treatments (lb/A) AI Sept. 24 Oct. 4Range ofdamage (%)Averagedamage (%)Range ofdamage (%)Averagedamage (%)Radiant Spinetoram 10-50 30.0 30-50 37.5Belt (#1) Flubendiamide 10-40 20.0 10-30 22.5Sniper Bifenthrin 20-40 30.0 10-40 30.0Fulfill + Radiant Tank-mix 10-50 35.0 20-60 30.0Coragen Chlorantraniliprole 20-40 27.5 10-50 30.0Venom Dinotefuran 30-40 35.0 10-30 17.5Untreated check 90-100 95.0 40-80 55.0*OMRI-approved for organic vegetable production 42. % Caterpillar damage on tomato fruitsCullman, AL (2013)2512.57.52.55Untreated checkRadiant (spinetoram)Sniper (bifenthrin)0Variety: Bella Rosa12.50Belt% damaged fruits (7DAT2, Aug. 15) % damaged fruits (7DAT4, Sept. 6) 43. Tomato plant stand with Spinetoram(Clanton, 2012)Untreated checkRadiant (spinetoram) 8 oz +0.25% NISSeverely reduced stand resultsin poor crop yield.Timely insecticide treatments canresult in high crop yield. 44. Fruit quality with Radiant (Clanton, 2013)Check plots Radiant 8 oz + 0.25% NIS (7DAT2)Untr. Check: 45 to 70% crop losswith live caterpillars