Resting membrane potential -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande

Resting Membrane Potential

• Presented By –

• Dr.R.R.Deshpande

• Prof & HOD

• CARC ,Pune 44

10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 1

Sharir Kriya Paper 1-Part B –Set 2


• Dr.R.R.Deshpande

• Prof & HOD

• CARC ,Pune 44


10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 3 10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 3

Sharir Kriya -- Paper I –

Part B –Point 2


• Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande (M.D in Ayurvdic

Medicine & M.D. in Ayurvedic Physiology)

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• Definition –

• The difference in electric potential, that exists

across the cell membrane, when cell is in resting

state.



• All negative ions accumulate on the inner side

• All positive ions accumulate on the outer side of

the cell membrane.

• So across the membrane outside will be

positivity, inside will be negativity.

• This is developing a potential gradient across

the membrane = Resting Membrane Potential



• This is developed due to K ions (- 94mV),

Na ions (+ 8mV), Na - K pump (- 4mV)

• RMP of brain cells = - 90mV.


RMP is measuered by Nernst’s equation


Normal Values of RMP


What is action potential?

• Series of events occurring in RMP when

cell is stimulated with adequate stimulus,

the events are as follows - Events –

• 1. Application of adequate stimulus

• 2. Depolarization (Na+ influx)

• 3. Repolarization (K+ efflux)

• 4. Hyperpolarization

• 5. Na+ - K+ pump


Graph of action potential

• 1) It is like spike in skeletal muscle

• 2) It is plateau potential in cardiac muscle

(this plateau is because of delayed closure

of Na+ & delayed opening of K+

channels.)

Action Potential



Properties of action potential

• 1) It spreads along the membrane.

Impulse is nothing but self preparatory

action potential

• 2) All or none law - If stimulus is adequate,

there is full AP. But if no adequate

stimulus, there will be no AP.

• Half AP is not possible.


Properties of action potential

• 3) Refractory period - This is the period in

which another AP is possible. (for skeletal

muscle & nerve R. P. is short but for

cardiac muscle R. P. is long.)

• Refractory period indicates fatigability.

Heart has low or no fatigability.


AP & Heart muscle

• For AP, stimulus is must but heart is exception.

• This is because auto rhythmicity of heart muscle

by SA node.

• Here there are P cells & naturally leaky Na

channels are there.

• So natural depolarisation takes place.

• Because of P cells, SA node is called as pace

maker.


Application of membrane physiology

• In the human body cell to cell

communication also takes place.

• This occurs in following ways –

• 1) Neuro hormone (Neurotransmitter)

• 2) Local hormone 3) Through chemicals



• Cell to communication is either excitory or

inhibitory

• As naturally there are many hyper active

area are in brain, we need inhibitory

signals.



• At neuromuscular (NM) junction, through

NM synapse, neurotransmitters are

secreted.

• Excitation occurs due to Depolarization or

• Inhibitory action takes place due to

Repolarization

Depolarization & Repolarozation



Examples of drugs acting at

Neuromuscular junction

• 1) Cholinomimatic drugs - eg. Pilocarpine

• Pilocarpine eye drops are used in

Glaucoma. This drug will cause

contraction of iris muscle & pupils will be

narrow.



neuromuscular junction

• 2) Anti - cholinergic drugs - eg. Atropine

• Inj. Atropine is used when there is a

colicky pain in the abdomen, Atropine

blocks Ach .So muscle contraction or

spasm is prevented.




• 3) Competitive inhibitors - eg. Scholine

• Scholine blocks Ach, used for Anesthesia,

to induce temporary muscle relaxation.




• 4) Anticholinesterases - eg. Neostigmine

• Neostigmine block cholinesterase (this

enzyme is responsible for destroying Ach)

• Hence it is useful when we required Ach in

more amount. So this is very useful in the

disease Myasthenia gravis (where there

is deficiency of Ach)




• 5) Neostigmine is also useful in the

poisoning of Kobra & crait (to prevent

respiratory muscle paralysis).

• Neostigmine will maintain amount of Ach


Drugs regenerating cholinesterase

• eg. PAM –

Insecticides like Endrine block

cholinesterase. Hence there is too much

Ach, which is inhibitory to heart.

In this condition PAM will be useful by

regenerating cholinesterase.

Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande

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10/15/2015 33 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande

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Resting membrane potential -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande