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Reporting an independent sample t test
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Reporting an Independent Sample t-test
Note – that the reporting format shown in this learning module is for APA. For other formats consult specific format guides.
It is also recommended to consult the latest APA manual to compare what is described in this learning module with the
most updated formats for APA.
Reporting the Study using APA
Reporting the Study using APA• You can report data from your own experiments by
using the template below.
Reporting the Study using APA• You can report data from your own experiments by
using the template below.
• “An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare (your DV measure) _________ in (IV level / condition 1) ________and (IV level / condition 2) ________ conditions.”
Reporting the Study using APA• Here is an example:
Reporting the Study using APA• Here is an example:
• “A single-samples t-test was conducted to compare truck driver drowsiness scores for the country music listening and the no country music listening conditions.”
Reporting the Study using APA• Here is an example:
• “A single-samples t-test was conducted to compare truck driver drowsiness scores for the country music listening and the no country music listening conditions.”
Reporting the Study using APA• Here is an example:
• “A single-samples t-test was conducted to compare truck driver drowsiness scores for the country music listening and the no country music listening conditions.”
Level 2Level 1
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Reporting Results using APA
Reporting Results using APA
• You want to tell your reader whether or not there was a significant difference between condition means. You can report data from your own experiments by using the template below.
Reporting Results using APA
• You want to tell your reader whether or not there was a significant difference between condition means. You can report data from your own experiments by using the template below.
• “There was a significant (not a significant) difference in the scores for IV level 1 (M=___, SD=___) and IV level 2 (M=___, SD=___) conditions; t(__)=____, p = ____”
Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS output
Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS output• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition.
Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS output• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition. “There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=___, SD=___) and no country music listening(M=___, SD=___) conditions;
t(__)=___, p=___”Country Music Listening N Mean Std.
DeviationStd. Error Mean
DVWORDS1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742
Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS output• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition. “There was a significant difference in the scores for country music listening (M=4.20, SD=___) and no
country music listening(M=___, SD=___) conditions; t(__)=___, p=___”
Country Music Listening N Mean Std.
DeviationStd. Error Mean
DVWORDS1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742
Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS output• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition. “There was a significant difference in the scores for country music listening (M=4.20, SD=1.30) and no
country music listening(M=___, SD=___) conditions; t(__)=___, p=___”
Country Music Listening N Mean Std.
DeviationStd. Error Mean
DVWORDS1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742
Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS output• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition. “There was a significant difference in the scores for country music listening (M=4.20, SD=1.30) and no
country music listening(M=2.20, SD=___) conditions; t(__)=___, p=___”
Country Music Listening N Mean Std.
DeviationStd. Error Mean
DVWORDS1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742
Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS output• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition. “There was a significant difference in the scores for country music listening (M=4.20, SD=1.30) and no
country music listening(M=2.20, SD=0.84) conditions; t(__)=___, p=___”
Country Music Listening N Mean Std.
DeviationStd. Error Mean
DVWORDS1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742
Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS output• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition. “There was a significant difference in the scores for country music listening (M=4.20, SD=1.30) and no
country music listening(M=2.20, SD=0.84) conditions; t(__)=___, p=___”
Country Music Listening N Mean Std.
DeviationStd. Error Mean
DVWORDS1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742
Reporting Results using APA• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value (t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p value).
Reporting Results using APA• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value (t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p value).
“There was a significant difference in the scores for country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and no
country music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84) Conditions; t(_)=___, p=_____.”
Levene’s Test for quality of Variances T-test for Equality of Means
F Sig t dfSig.
(2-tailes)Mean
DifferenceStd. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
DVWORD Equal Variance Assumed
1.493 0.257 2.887 8 0.020 2.0000 0.6928 0.4024 3.5976
Equal Variance not Assumed
2.887 6,817 0.024 2.0000 0.6928 0.3528 3.6472
Reporting Results using APA• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value (t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p value).
“There was a significant difference in the scores for country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and no
country music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84) Conditions; t(8)=___, p=_____.”
Levene’s Test for quality of Variances T-test for Equality of Means
F Sig t dfSig.
(2-tailes)Mean
DifferenceStd. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
DVWORD Equal Variance Assumed
1.493 0.257 2.887 8 0.020 2.0000 0.6928 0.4024 3.5976
Equal Variance not Assumed
2.887 6,817 0.024 2.0000 0.6928 0.3528 3.6472
Reporting Results using APA• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value (t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p value).
“There was a significant difference in the scores for country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and no
country music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84) Conditions; t(8)=2.89, p=_____.”
Levene’s Test for quality of Variances T-test for Equality of Means
F Sig t dfSig.
(2-tailes)Mean
DifferenceStd. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
DVWORD Equal Variance Assumed
1.493 0.257 2.887 8 0.020 2.0000 0.6928 0.4024 3.5976
Equal Variance not Assumed
2.887 6,817 0.024 2.0000 0.6928 0.3528 3.6472
Reporting Results using APA• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value (t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p value).
“There was a significant difference in the scores for country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and no
country music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84) Conditions; t(8)=2.89, p=0.02.”
Levene’s Test for quality of Variances T-test for Equality of Means
F Sig t dfSig.
(2-tailes)Mean
DifferenceStd. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
DVWORD Equal Variance Assumed
1.493 0.257 2.887 8 0.020 2.0000 0.6928 0.4024 3.5976
Equal Variance not Assumed
2.887 6,817 0.024 2.0000 0.6928 0.3528 3.6472
Reporting Results using APA• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value (t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p value).
“There was a significant difference in the scores for country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and no
country music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84) Conditions; t(8)=2.89, p=0.02.”
Levene’s Test for quality of Variances T-test for Equality of Means
F Sig t dfSig.
(2-tailes)Mean
DifferenceStd. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
DVWORD Equal Variance Assumed
1.493 0.257 2.887 8 0.020 2.0000 0.6928 0.4024 3.5976
Equal Variance not Assumed
2.887 6,817 0.024 2.0000 0.6928 0.3528 3.6472
Once the blanks are full…
Once the blanks are full…
• You have a sentence that looks very scientific but was actually very simple to produce.
Once the blanks are full…
• You have a sentence that looks very scientific but was actually very simple to produce.
“There was a significant difference in trucker drowsiness scores for country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and non-county music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84) conditions; t (8)=2.89, p = 0.02.”
