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• The profound social and cultural changes of the 15th and 16th centuries are known as the Renaissance.
• One of the most important features of the Renaissance was the growth of Humanism: a cultural and intellectual movement which developed in the 15th and 16th centuries.
The Birth of Venus, Botticelli (Uffizi Gallery, Florence)
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• Medieval culture was entirely focused on God, but humanists were concerned with human beings. Humanists:
• studied human thought, history and anatomy. • were inspired by the literature, philosophy and art of Antiquity. • studied original books in Latin and Greek, without using medieval translations or interpretations.• defended the search for truth through reason and experience. • investigated, discussed their results, and defended the value of personal reflection.• were curious about everything. •did not want to be specialist in one field but to be scholars in many disciplines.
•Erasmus of Rotterdam, Thomas More and Juan Luis Vives were three of the greatest humanists.
*concerned with – preocupados por*search – búsqueda*scholars – sabios, eruditos
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The Printing Press In 1440, a German businessman, Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. It was a revolutionary invention because:
• Books didn’t have to be copied by hand.• Books became cheaper, so more were sold.• Humanist ideas reached more people.
The academies• Academies were a place where they showed humanist studies. In these academies clever people met to exchange their ideas. The most important centre was the Platonic Academy of Florence.
• Some universities, like those in Padua, Bologna, Florence, Alcalá de Henares, Salamanca or Lovaina, incorporated the principles of Humanism.
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He criticised abuse of the Catholic
Church and promoted the value
of humanist learning.
He wrote Utopia, a book proposing
a society with religious tolerance
and no private property.
He emphasised the need to base
human knowledge on reason and nature.
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• Humanism stimulated the desire to investigate and learn. This affected the development of science.
• In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory. This maintained that the Sun was the centre of the Universe, and that the Earth and other planets revolved around it.
• The Church rejected Copernicus' theory for religious reasons. It supported the Ptolemaic (geocentric) theory, which maintained the earth was the centre of the Universe.
Which picture represents the heliocentric theory? And the geocentric?
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Discoveries were also made in human anatomy. For example, Andrea Vesalius studied anatomy and Miguel Servet studied blood circulation.
Geographical discoveries led to the development of other sciences and disciplines, such as geography, zoology, botany and cartography.
Miguel Servet studied blood circulation
Andrea Vesalius studied anatomy
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• Renaissance art was inspired by the artistic models of Antiquity (Greeks and Romans), and they rejected the elaborate ornamentation of the Gothic style.
• The Renaissance style first appeared in Italy in the 14th Century, but flourished and spread in the 15th and 16th centuries.
• The Quattrocento was the term applied to 15th century Italian art, which flourished in Florence.
• The Cinquecento was the term used to describe 16th century art, which flourished in Rome. During this period, the Renaissance style spread throughout Europe.
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Artists and patrons
•During the Middle Ages, artists were considered ordinary artisans who worked in workshops and did not sign their creations.
•In the Renaissance, artists began to sign their works and tried to achieve fame and recognition.
•Artists counted on the support of art patrons. These were rich people, such as the Medici family of Florence, who financed works of art and protected their creations.
*art patrons – mecenas*sign - firmar
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ALBERTI
GARLANDS
ROUND ARCHS
CORINTHIAN O.
RUSTICATION
RIBIRTH OF CLASSICAL CULTURE
HORIZONTALITY
SYMMETRY ANDPROPORTION
ARCHITECTURE
CHARACTERISTICS WORKS
BRUNELLESCHI
MICHELOZZO
Duomo of Florence, Santa Maria del Fiore
Ruccelai Palace
Medici Palace
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GHIBERTI
ANATOMIC PERFECTION
NATURALISM
FORMAL BEAUTY
LINEAL PERSPECTIVE
SCULPTURE
CHARACTERISTICS WORKS
DONATELLO
VERROCHIO
“David”
“Gates to Paradise”
“Condottiero Colleoni”
MARBLE AND BRONZE
CANON OF CLASSICAL FORMS
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NATURALISM
EXPRESSIVENESS
LINEAL PERSPECTIVE
PAINTING
CHARACTERISTICS WORKS
“Annunciation”
“The Lamentation over the Dead
Christ”
“Trinity”
VOLUME THROUGH COLOUR
MANTEGNA
MASACCIO
BOTICCELI
FRA ANGELICO
“The Birth of Venus”
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CLASICISM
PURISM(without
ornamentation)
ARCHITECTURE
CHARACTERISTICS WORKS
BRAMANTE
MICHELANGELOORDER
MEASURE
HARMONY
St. Peter in Montorio
The Dome – St. Peter’s Basilica
Staircase of the Laurentian Library
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SCULPTURE
MICHELANGELO
“TERRIBILITÁ”FEELING
WORKSDRAMATIC
EXPRESSIONISMTENSION
DRAMATIC EXPRESSIONISM
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PAINTING
LEONARDO TINTORETTOMICHELANGELO RAFAEL TIZIANO
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• Michelangelo (Italy, 1475) was brilliant and talented in many ways; he could paint, sculpt, design buildings, and write poetry.
• When Michelangelo was a child, his mother became ill and couldn’t care for him, so he was sent to live with a stonecutter and his wife. Michelangelo joked that this is where he learned to love cutting stone into sculpture.
• Michelangelo spent years studying the human body. He drew sketches of people in various positions, concentrating on getting the muscles just right. • He believed that there was a sculpture in every piece of stone. His job as the artist was to free the sculpture from the stone.
• When Michelangelo died in 1564, he had become one of the most known and admired artists of his time. He was even called “Il Divino” which means “the divine one”.
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Many of his masterpieces show religious scenes or people from the bible. One of his most famous sculptures was David, the biblical hero who defeated Goliath. The sculpture was originally meant to stand in
front of the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy. Today, a copy of Michelangelo’s work stands in this place. The original is in the
Accademia, a Florence museum.
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Among his most famous paintings is the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican in Italy. It is made up of many panels illustrating scenes from the bible which Michelangelo painted directly onto the ceiling.
http://www.fernandogomezherrero.com/blog/?p=801
http://www.comp.dit.ie/dgordon/Lectures/Hum1/031203/031203hum.htm
http://lookingglassreview.com/html/johann_gutenberg_and_the_print.html
http://www.ehow.com/about_6505041_difference-solar-system-geocentric-model_.html
http://citrinitas.com/history_of_viscom/images/masters/vesalius.html
http://www.nndb.com/people/270/000085015/
http://www.thebalde.net/edukia.php?uuid=69&lang=en
http://www.spainisculture.com/en/artistas_creadores/miguel_servet.html
http://images.yourdictionary.com/corinthian-order
http://sociales4eso.wordpress.com/about/ut1-arte-del-quattrocento/
http://unidaddidactica9.blogspot.es/
http://luisaugustopascual.wordpress.com/2011/01/28/san-pietro-inmontorio/
http://artsmarts4kids.blogspot.com/2007/09/artist-profile-michelangelo.html
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