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Remember your epiphanies…
Ivy AndersonCalifornia Digital Library
CONUL Annual ConferenceJune 1, 2016
Athlone, Ireland
Remember your epiphanies on green oval leaves, deeply deep, copies to be sent if you died to all the great
libraries of the world, including Alexandria? Someone was to read them there after a few thousand
years....
James Joyce, Ulysses.
CDL and the University of CaliforniaThe University10 Campuses5 Medical centers3 National Laboratories
250,000 students21,000 faculty 44,000 other academic188,000 non-academic staff
The Libraries10 campuses, 100 libraries 2 Regional Storage Facilities39 M print volumes3.8 M digitized
California Digital Library“11th University Library” - founded 1997Reports to UC Office of the PresidentOperates systemwide digital library services for UC and beyondOversees shared collections initiativesA “strategic resource” and engine of innovation for UC
Collaborative Origins• 1960s – California Master Plan for Higher
Education
• 1970s-80s – 1977 Salmon Plan attempts to address growing duplication of library resources
– Melvyl union catalog catalyzes cooperation and sharing of physical collections among the UC campuses (1981)
– Regional Library Facilities established• Northern Regional Library Facility –
Berkeley (1982) • Southern Regional Library Facility –
UCLA (1987)
“One University, One Library”
UC Regional Library FacilitiesNorth (NRLF) and South (SRLF)
NRLFCurrent holdings: 7M
SRLFCurrent holdings: 6.8M
Current combined holdings: 13.8M volumesCurrent capacity: 14.6M volumesProjected fill dates: 2019
“Cooperation is part of the professional DNA of research libraries.
The future health of the research library will be increasingly defined by new and energetic relationships and
combinations, and the radicalization of working relationships among research libraries, between libraries and the communities
they serve, and in new entrepreneurial partnerships.”Neal, James, Advancing From Kumbaya to Radical Collaboration: Redefining the Future Research Library, 2010. .Journal of Library Administration
Google Books: 20+ million volumes
HathiTrust: 15+ million volumes
Internet Archive: 10 million volumes
HathiTrust Digital LibraryResearch Library Membership:• 114 total partners• 49 contributing partners
Corpus Includes:• 14,554,706 total volumes• 729,112 book titles• 398,869 serial titles• 677,593 Federal Gov Docs• 5,584,997 volumes (~38% of
total) are available in full view
Aggregates outputs:• Google Library Project• Internet Archive• Local digitization projects
Service re-configuration
HathiTrustCopyright Review Management System (CRMS)
Goal: Resolve the uncertain copyright status of hundreds of thousands of HathiTrust volumes
• Funded by 3 grants from the Institute of Museum and Library services (IMLS)
• 8 year collaboration included 60 reviewers from 20 HathiTrust partners
• Copyright Review process• Pool of volumes screened via algorithm as likely
to be in public domain• Published in US between 1923 and 1963• Published in UK, Canada, or Australia
between 1870 and 1950• Over 500,000 copyright determinations made• Over 325,000 volumes found to be public
domain and made open access• CRMS ToolKit will be published in 2016 to
allow approach to be replicated and reused in new ways
A bit of history…
Three Types of Shared Print Collaboration
Journal ArchivesMonographs
Shared Storage
Malpas, Constance, Preserving America’s Print Resources II, June 2015
Western Regional Storage Trust (WEST)
• WEST is a distributed print journal archiving program among libraries in the Western Region of the United States
• Goals– Preserve the scholarly record through distributed retention commitments
and consolidation of some archives– Create opportunities to reallocate library space– Provide access to retained materials
• Originally funded by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
• Currently transitioning to member-supported status
WEST----------------------
Archived to date• 13,800 journal runs• 20,000+ titles • 500,000 vols
• 59% print + e• 41% print-only
Retention commitment• 25 years (to 2035)
Space potential• 350,000+ ASF• 3-4 mid-size research libraries
73 Libraries * 19 states * 6 storage facilities * 45 “Archive Holders”
Key Features of WEST
Key Features of WEST Distributed print journal archiving program Membership-driven organization, shared governance Retention period of 25 years (to 2035) Titles selected within risk categories, based on e-
availability and digital preservation status Archives held in multiple storage facilities and libraries;
active archive creation of print only titles at 6 Archive Builder locations
Key Benefits Access, Preservation and Space reclamation Routinized collections analysis and distributed archiving
decisions Opportunities to participate: Archive Holder or gap filling
Collection Analysis
Title lists confirmed
2 Calls for Holdings
Validation: Volume
and Issue
Disclosure and Access
Reporting
AnnualWEST
Archive Cycle
Celebrating 500,000 volumes this summer!
The Case for Monographs
Flying Books, J. Ignacio Diaz de Rabago Doe Library, UC Berkeley, 2005
If Journals are relatively easy…
• Large historical runs = high value for space reclamation
• Print rarely used or needed when electronic is available
• Article delivery via scan-on-demand works well
Monographs are far more challenging
• Continuing demand for print
• Low e-availability for long tail of in-copyright
• Retrospective space reclamation opportunities are less compelling
• Significant overhead for decision-making and action at the individual volume level
• Yet:– Use is low and declining– Their numbers are large– Opportunity as well as an increasing
imperative to manage costs
Ithaka S+R US Faculty Survey 2015:Print vs. Digital Monographs
There is no observable trend towards a format transition for monographs.
Many monographs are uniquely held
36% of monographs in WorldCat are uniquely held
10% are held in 50 or more copies
Lavoie and Schonfeld, “Books without Boundaries: A Brief Tour of the System-wide Print Book Collection ” JEP (2006)
Hathi Trust goal: To reduce long-term capital and operating costs of storage and care of print collections through redoubled efforts to coordinate shared storage strategies among libraries
2014 – Median ARL Duplication 50%
Over the next decade, as the transition from print to electronic information access continues to unfold, academic institutions should collectively reassess system-wide supply
and demand for library print holdings: the library community could provide lasting benefits to scholarship
and economies to their institutions by proactively developing a collaborative print repository network on a
regional, national or global scale.
Lizanne Payne, Library Storage Facilities and the Future of Print Collections in North America (2007)
Storage Facilities in the US:68 facilities70M volumes
ReCAP – from Shared Storage to Shared Collections
Shared Storage Facility serving Columbia, NYPL, and Princeton
11M volumes
Final Thoughts
Frameworks for Print Collaboration: Goals Served
Rapid space reclamation
Subscription cost savingsReduce
processing costsBreadth of collections
Protecting scarcity
Ensuring sufficient service copies
Archival commitments
Breadth of collections
Deep staff integration
Retrospective Prospective
Journals
Monographs
Journals
Monographs
Retrospective Prospective
Ensuring Trust
• Standards– Page validation protocol s– Bibliographic conventions
• Disclosure– Holdings disclosed in union catalogs– Auditable, transparent processes
• Reliability– Retention policies– Robust procedures– Services for partners
“Trusted systems do what you expect them to do and don’t do what you don’t expect them to do” - Brian Schottlaender, UC San Diego
Remember your epiphanies:
Collective action must respect local context and allow for local autonomy within a shared
framework
Enduring collaborations create new value and interdependencies that produce systemic change
“The rate at which things get done is a function of money; whether or not they get done is a function
of people.”
Warren J Haas, Columbia University Librarian, 1976