Remember your epiphanies…

Ivy AndersonCalifornia Digital Library

CONUL Annual ConferenceJune 1, 2016

Athlone, Ireland

Remember your epiphanies on green oval leaves, deeply deep, copies to be sent if you died to all the great

libraries of the world, including Alexandria? Someone was to read them there after a few thousand

years....

James Joyce, Ulysses.

CDL and the University of CaliforniaThe University10 Campuses5 Medical centers3 National Laboratories

250,000 students21,000 faculty 44,000 other academic188,000 non-academic staff

The Libraries10 campuses, 100 libraries 2 Regional Storage Facilities39 M print volumes3.8 M digitized

California Digital Library“11th University Library” - founded 1997Reports to UC Office of the PresidentOperates systemwide digital library services for UC and beyondOversees shared collections initiativesA “strategic resource” and engine of innovation for UC

Collaborative Origins• 1960s – California Master Plan for Higher

Education

• 1970s-80s – 1977 Salmon Plan attempts to address growing duplication of library resources

– Melvyl union catalog catalyzes cooperation and sharing of physical collections among the UC campuses (1981)

– Regional Library Facilities established• Northern Regional Library Facility –

Berkeley (1982) • Southern Regional Library Facility –

UCLA (1987)

“One University, One Library”

UC Regional Library FacilitiesNorth (NRLF) and South (SRLF)

NRLFCurrent holdings: 7M

SRLFCurrent holdings: 6.8M

Current combined holdings: 13.8M volumesCurrent capacity: 14.6M volumesProjected fill dates: 2019

“Cooperation is part of the professional DNA of research libraries.

The future health of the research library will be increasingly defined by new and energetic relationships and

combinations, and the radicalization of working relationships among research libraries, between libraries and the communities

they serve, and in new entrepreneurial partnerships.”Neal, James, Advancing From Kumbaya to Radical Collaboration: Redefining the Future Research Library, 2010. .Journal of Library Administration

Google Books: 20+ million volumes

HathiTrust: 15+ million volumes

Internet Archive: 10 million volumes

HathiTrust Digital LibraryResearch Library Membership:• 114 total partners• 49 contributing partners

Corpus Includes:• 14,554,706 total volumes• 729,112 book titles• 398,869 serial titles• 677,593 Federal Gov Docs• 5,584,997 volumes (~38% of

total) are available in full view

Aggregates outputs:• Google Library Project• Internet Archive• Local digitization projects

Service re-configuration

HathiTrustCopyright Review Management System (CRMS)

Goal: Resolve the uncertain copyright status of hundreds of thousands of HathiTrust volumes

• Funded by 3 grants from the Institute of Museum and Library services (IMLS)

• 8 year collaboration included 60 reviewers from 20 HathiTrust partners

• Copyright Review process• Pool of volumes screened via algorithm as likely

to be in public domain• Published in US between 1923 and 1963• Published in UK, Canada, or Australia

between 1870 and 1950• Over 500,000 copyright determinations made• Over 325,000 volumes found to be public

domain and made open access• CRMS ToolKit will be published in 2016 to

allow approach to be replicated and reused in new ways

A bit of history…

Three Types of Shared Print Collaboration

Journal ArchivesMonographs

Shared Storage

Malpas, Constance, Preserving America’s Print Resources II, June 2015

Western Regional Storage Trust (WEST)

• WEST is a distributed print journal archiving program among libraries in the Western Region of the United States

• Goals– Preserve the scholarly record through distributed retention commitments

and consolidation of some archives– Create opportunities to reallocate library space– Provide access to retained materials

• Originally funded by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

• Currently transitioning to member-supported status

WEST----------------------

Archived to date• 13,800 journal runs• 20,000+ titles • 500,000 vols

• 59% print + e• 41% print-only

Retention commitment• 25 years (to 2035)

Space potential• 350,000+ ASF• 3-4 mid-size research libraries

73 Libraries * 19 states * 6 storage facilities * 45 “Archive Holders”

Key Features of WEST

Key Features of WEST Distributed print journal archiving program Membership-driven organization, shared governance Retention period of 25 years (to 2035) Titles selected within risk categories, based on e-

availability and digital preservation status Archives held in multiple storage facilities and libraries;

active archive creation of print only titles at 6 Archive Builder locations

Key Benefits Access, Preservation and Space reclamation Routinized collections analysis and distributed archiving

decisions Opportunities to participate: Archive Holder or gap filling

Collection Analysis

Title lists confirmed

2 Calls for Holdings

Validation: Volume

and Issue

Disclosure and Access

Reporting

AnnualWEST

Archive Cycle

Celebrating 500,000 volumes this summer!

The Case for Monographs

Flying Books, J. Ignacio Diaz de Rabago Doe Library, UC Berkeley, 2005

If Journals are relatively easy…

• Large historical runs = high value for space reclamation

• Print rarely used or needed when electronic is available

• Article delivery via scan-on-demand works well

Monographs are far more challenging

• Continuing demand for print

• Low e-availability for long tail of in-copyright

• Retrospective space reclamation opportunities are less compelling

• Significant overhead for decision-making and action at the individual volume level

• Yet:– Use is low and declining– Their numbers are large– Opportunity as well as an increasing

imperative to manage costs

Ithaka S+R US Faculty Survey 2015:Print vs. Digital Monographs

There is no observable trend towards a format transition for monographs.

Many monographs are uniquely held

36% of monographs in WorldCat are uniquely held

10% are held in 50 or more copies

Lavoie and Schonfeld, “Books without Boundaries: A Brief Tour of the System-wide Print Book Collection ” JEP (2006)

Hathi Trust goal: To reduce long-term capital and operating costs of storage and care of print collections through redoubled efforts to coordinate shared storage strategies among libraries

2014 – Median ARL Duplication 50%

Over the next decade, as the transition from print to electronic information access continues to unfold, academic institutions should collectively reassess system-wide supply

and demand for library print holdings: the library community could provide lasting benefits to scholarship

and economies to their institutions by proactively developing a collaborative print repository network on a

regional, national or global scale.

Lizanne Payne, Library Storage Facilities and the Future of Print Collections in North America (2007)

Storage Facilities in the US:68 facilities70M volumes

ReCAP – from Shared Storage to Shared Collections

Shared Storage Facility serving Columbia, NYPL, and Princeton

11M volumes

Final Thoughts

Frameworks for Print Collaboration: Goals Served

Rapid space reclamation

Subscription cost savingsReduce

processing costsBreadth of collections

Protecting scarcity

Ensuring sufficient service copies

Archival commitments

Breadth of collections

Deep staff integration

Retrospective Prospective

Journals

Monographs

Journals

Monographs

Retrospective Prospective

Ensuring Trust

• Standards– Page validation protocol s– Bibliographic conventions

• Disclosure– Holdings disclosed in union catalogs– Auditable, transparent processes

• Reliability– Retention policies– Robust procedures– Services for partners

“Trusted systems do what you expect them to do and don’t do what you don’t expect them to do” - Brian Schottlaender, UC San Diego

Remember your epiphanies:

Collective action must respect local context and allow for local autonomy within a shared

framework

Enduring collaborations create new value and interdependencies that produce systemic change

“The rate at which things get done is a function of money; whether or not they get done is a function

of people.”

Warren J Haas, Columbia University Librarian, 1976