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Reinforcement theory observational learning theory

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Page 1: Reinforcement theory   observational learning theory
Page 2: Reinforcement theory   observational learning theory

(born on December 4, 1925 in Mundare, a small town in

Alberta, Canada)

He is the leading researcher and theorist in the area of observational learning.

Page 3: Reinforcement theory   observational learning theory

is a type of learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and replicating novel behavior executed by others

occurs when an observers behavior changes after viewing the behavior of a model

also known as vicarious learning, social learning or modeling

Page 4: Reinforcement theory   observational learning theory

According to Bandura, observational learning may or may not involve imitation.

Social learning theory holds that children in particular, learn by observing and imitating models

Children take an active part in their own learning

The child’s own characteristics influence the choice of models.

Page 5: Reinforcement theory   observational learning theory

It focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context.

Observational learning does not require that the behavior exhibited by the model is duplicated.

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1.The observer will imitate the model’s behavior if the model possesses characteristics.

2.The observer will react to the way the model is treated and mimic the models behavior.

3.A distinction between an observer’s “acquiring” a behavior and “performing “ a behavior.

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(Presence of reinforcement or (Presence of reinforcement or punishment)punishment)

Page 13: Reinforcement theory   observational learning theory

Reinforcement theory of motivation was proposed by BF

Skinner and his associates. It states that individual’s

behavior is a function of its consequences. (based on law of

effect)

Page 14: Reinforcement theory   observational learning theory

Positive and Negative Reinforcement

Positive Reinforcement

• Observer is likely to repeat behavior a model demonstrates

• Behavior doesn’t matter, reinforcement received matters.

Negative Reinforcement

• Observer is less likely to repeat a beahavior a model demonstarets.

• Behavior doenst matter, reinforcement received matters.

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- Anything that increase the behavior

- is a consequence of behavior that decreases the

likelihood of repetition.

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1.The observer is reinforced by the model

2. The observer is reinforced by a third person

3. The imitated behavior itself leads to reinforcing consequences

4. Consequences of the model’s behavior affect the observers behavior vicariously (vicarious reinforcement)

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