Name : Kubavat Kishan

Roll No : 11Semester : 4Paper no : 15Paper name : Mass Communication and Media StudiesYear: 2015-16PG Enrollment No:14101021Submitted to: Department of English M. K. Bhavnagar University

Topic: Regional Cinema

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What is Cinema ?

Cinema is a short form for Cinematographer.

It is the technique of projecting photogram in a fast and successive way to create the sense of movement .

Cinema

Cinema is Production of

movies as an art of industry.

Cinema is reflection of society, both present and

past.

Cinema is form of communication

Powerful vehicle for culture, education,

leisure and propaganda.

Short history of Indian cinema

The first full-length motion picture in India was produced by Dadasaheb Phalke, a scholar on India's languages and culture, who brought together elements from Sanskrit epics to produce his Raja Harish Chandra (1913), a silent film in Marathi. The female roles in the film were played by male actors.

The Indian Masala film—a slang used for commercial films with song, dance, romance etc.- came up following the second world war.

Ancient Indian epics

Ancient Sanskrit drama

The traditional Falk Theatre of

India

Regional Cinema

Parsi Theatre

Influence of Hollywood

Cinema is goes from the both side; particular to general and general to particular. It is goes regional to global cinema industry and also global to particular means regional cinema industry. Let’s have a look on regional cinema.

Regional

Cinema

Hindi cinema

Gujarati cinema

Bhojpuri cinema

Bengali cinema

Tamil Cinema

Assam Cinema

Telugu Cinema

Hindi Cinema

The Hindi language film industry of Mumbai also known as Bollywood is the largest and most popular

branch of Indian cinema. Hindi cinema initially explored issues of caste and culture in films such as

Achhut Kanya (1936) and Sujata (1959). international visibility came to the industry with Raj Kapoor’s Awara. Hindi cinema grew during the 1990

with the release of as many as 215 films.

With Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Hindi cinema registered its commercial presence in the Western

world. In 1995 the Indian economy began showing sustainable annual growth, and Hindi cinema, as a

commercial enterprise. The salary of lead stars increased greatly. Many actors signed contracts for

simultaneous work in 34 films. Institutions such as the industrial development Bank of India also came forward to finance Hindi films. A number of magazines such as

Filmfare, Stardust, cineblits, etc.became popular.

Gujarati Cinema

Gujarati Cinema or Gujarati film industry referred asDhollywood or Gollywood. It is one of the known regionaland vernacular film industry in Indian cinema. The first film in Gujarati cinema was Narsinh Mehta, released on 7 April 1932.Gujarati cinema is always based on scripts from mythology to history and social to political. Since its origin Gujarati cinema has experimented with stories and issues from the Indian Society

The Gujarati Cinema can be divided

into five phase

Silent films era (1913-1931)

The silent film

Bilwamangal (Bhakta Surdas, 1919) was directed by Parsi Gujarati, Rustomji Dotiwala. The silent film Narsinh Mehta (1920) produced by Oriental featured Gujarati song, “Vaishnav Jan To” which was sung by audience and musicians in cinema halls with relevant scenes on screen.

Early talkies (1932-1947)

The first full length Gujarati talkie Narsinh Mehta was released on 9 April 1932 marking the beginning of Gujarati Cinema. It was followed by Sati Savitri (1932) based on epic story of Savitri and Satyavan. In 1935, Ghar Jamai directed by Homi Master was a comedy film.

Post independence (1946-1970)

Vishnukumar M. Vyas directed Ranakdevi (1946). Meerabaireleased in the year 1946. Leeludi Dharti (1968) directed byVallabh Choksi and based on the novel of same name by Chunilal Madia. Leeludi Dharti was the first colour film of Gujarati cinema. The problems of modernization are the underlying concern of several films. The films like Gada no Bel had a strong realism and reformism.

Rise and Decline (1970-2000) This era can be considered as the era of rise and decline of Gujarati cinema. Feroze A. Sarkar directed Janamdeep (1973) adapted from the novel of same name by IshwarPetlikar. Jesal Toral (1971) directed by Ravindra Dave was one of the biggest hits of Gujarati cinema. Sonbai ni Chundadi (1976) directed by Girish Manukant was the first Gujarati cinemascope film.

Revival (2001 -present )

It is the rising of Gujarati cinema. The movies are coming through various innovative and modern ideas. Maiyar Ma Manadu Nathi Lagtu (2001) directed by Jashwant Gangani, starring Hiten Kumar, was commercially successful.

Vikram Thakore starred in several films like Ek Var Piyu Ne MalvaAavie (2006),Premi Zukya Nathi Ne Zukshe Nahi (2011)

Kevi Rite Jaish (2012) and Bey Yaar (2014), both directed by Abhishek Jain, became commercially and critically successful drawing urban audience.. Other films like Gujjubhai, The Great (2015) and Chhello Divas (2015) were commercially successful.

Bhojpuri Cinema

Bengali Cinema

The first talkie film in Bengali was Dena Paona in the year 1931. The Bengali language cinematic tradition referred as Tollygunge. It has highly renowned filmmakers like Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak and Mrinal Sen. Recent Bengali films that have capture national attention include Rituparno Ghosh’s Choker Bali, starring Aishwarya Rai. The Bengali films capture the science fiction and also focus on social issues. The first Bengali Feature film, Billwamangal, was produced in 1919, under the banner of Madan Theatre. Bilat Ferat was the IBFC’s first production in 1921. The Madan Theatres production of Jamai shashthi was first Bengali talkie.

Kalidas (1931) is Tamil cinema’s first talkie. Sivaji Ganesan became India’s first ever actor to receive an international award when he won the Best Actor award at the AfroAsian Film festival in 1960 and was awarded the title of Chevalier in the Legion of Honor by the French Government in 1995. Tamil cinema influenced by Dravidian politics which was also reflected in the films also. Rajnikanth is referred to as Superstar and Also considered as the divine perspective in the heart of Tamil people. He earning 26 crore for his role in Sivaji (2007), he became the highest paid actor in Asia after Jackie Chan. The music and songs are one of the best parts of the Tamil film.

Tamil Cinema

In a cinema city the contribution of Telugu is a lot. The highest numbers of theatres are located in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana which referred films in the Telugu language. It has the highest theatre across the India. It is also produced the largest number of films. Ramoji Film City, which holds the Guinness World Record for the world’s largest film production facility, is located in Hyderabad, India. The world’s IMAX 3D screen lies located there. Vuppaladadiyam Nagayya, was the multilingual actor in South India to be honored with the Padma Shri. N.T.Rama Rao was one of the most commercially successful Telugu actors of his time. Chiranjeevi, was listed among “The Men who Changed the Face of the Indian Cinema” by IBNlive India.

Telugu Cinema

Assam Cinema referred as the Assamese language. The Assamese language film Industry traces its origins works Of Revolutionary visionary Rupkonwar Jyotiprasad Agarwala. He was great poet, playwright, composer and also freedom fighter. The first Assamese film is Joymati in1935. The second picture Indramalati was filmed between 1937 and 1938 finally released in 1939. The beginning of the 21st century has seen Bollywoodstyle Assamese movies hitting the screen.

Assam Cinema

Source :-http://sonalbaraiya201416.blogspot.in/2016/various-regional-cinemas-functioning-in.html

n.d. <Wikipedia contributors. "Cinema of India." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 7 Mar. 2016. Web. 17 Mar. 2016.>.

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