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SAMASYA 2017 REFLECTIONS 2017 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

Reflections 2017 Science Quiz Mains

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Page 1: Reflections 2017 Science Quiz Mains

SAMASYA 2017REFLECTIONS 2017

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

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INSTRUCTIONS

• The finals consists of a clockwise round, a themed written round and an anticlockwise round

• The dries rounds follow infinite pounce and bounce.• +10/-10 on Pounce• +10/0 on Bounce• All the Best!

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1

• For several years, Leon Bellan, assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Vanderbilt University, has been tinkering with ______ _____ machines, getting them to spin out networks of tiny threads comparable in size, density and complexity to the patterns formed by capillaries

• His goal has been to make fiber networks that can be used as templates to produce the capillary systems required to create full-scale artificial organs.

• FIB with a sweet treat

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ANSWER

Cotton Candy

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2• A long lost essay, “Are We Alone in the Universe?”, written by an unlikely

author recently resurfaced at the US National X Museum at Westminster College in Missouri.

• In the essay, X ponders the conditions that make for a habitable world, and on considering the vast number of stars perhaps circled by alien planets, comes to the conclusion that the answer to the essay’s title question was surely a resounding “no”.

• “What’s so amazing about the piece is that here is a man, arguably the greatest statesperson of the twentieth century, and in 1939 he not only has the interest, but finds the time, to write an essay about a purely scientific question.” (Image follows)

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ANSWER

• Winston Churchill

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3• A typical device utilizes an electronic processor and a pair of small LEDs facing

a photodiode through a translucent part of the patient's body, usually a fingertip or an earlobe. One LED is red, with wavelength of 660 nm, and the other is infrared with a wavelength of 940 nm.

• Absorption of light at these wavelengths differs significantly between blood loaded with X and blood lacking X.

• This device is ubiquitous in healthcare centres and used in ambulances to operating theatres. WHO claims this device has played a pivotal role in saving millions of lives, especially minimising complications such as brain damage and deaths during surgery under general anesthaesia, and is working to bring this device into medical centres in the developing world

• Image follows

• Put Funda.

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ANSWER

• Pulse Oximeter• To monitor the oxygen levels in blood. Drop in the blood oxygen saturation is

a leading cause of surgical complications such as brain damage, paralysis and death.

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• Most medical institutions properly dispose of surgically removed organs and body parts after running pathological examinations in the lab. Baylor University Medical Center in Dallas, Texas however runs a unique program named “Heart-to-Heart” for its patients who have undergone heart transplant surgeries.

• One such patient John Bell describes his feeling on being a part of this program as “I can’t actually explain why. I was just almost overcome with emotion when I was able to____ __.”

• Put Funda.

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ANSWER

• They let the patients hold their own hearts

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• The picture on the following slide shows an image of a bilateral glioma, a type of particularly aggressive and difficult to treat brain tumour

• About 50% of GBMs occupy more than one lobe of a hemisphere or are bilateral. Tumours of this type usually arise from the cerebrum and may exhibit the classic infiltration across the corpus callosum

• It is however referred to by a common nickname due to its appearance. Give me the nickname.

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ANSWER

• Butterfly Glioma

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• On the next slide is a webpage of one of the departments at the University of Leicester.

• What does the department study?

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ANSWER

• Time Travel!

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• Close examination of this unique creature reveals a fully visible system of organs, including the heart, liver, and full intestinal tract. (Image Follows)

• Scientists believe that earlier frogs of this species evolved to have this trait for camouflage; while perched on a leaf or branch, they are extremely difficult to spot from a distance.

• Give me the name this creature gets due to this unique translucency.

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ANSWER

• Glass Frog

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8• Meet Santiago Ramón y Cajal, an artist, photographer, doctor, bodybuilder,

scientist, chess player and publisher. • Cajal started out with an interest in the visual arts and photography — he

even invented a method for making color photos. But his father pushed him into medical school. Without his artistic background, his work might not have had as much impact.

• Hunched over a microscope, he made the illustrations you are about to see. ID the human organ that he helped understand, earning him the title --Father of Modern ____________.

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ANSWER

• The Human Brain• He is known as the Father of

Modern Neuroscience

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9

• NASA’s Jupiter orbiting mission Juno is scheduled to reach the end of the mission during its 37th orbit (sometime around 18th February 2018) and perform a controlled deorbit and disintegrate into Jupiter's atmosphere.

• This proposed suicide is being carried to keep the mission in accordance with NASA’s Planetary Protection Guidelines.

• What is the central idea of these Guidelines? Put Funda.

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ANSWER

• To prevent biological contamination of both the target celestial body and the Earth (in the case of sample-return missions)

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• Up until her death, Margaret Ann Bulkley (1789-1865) practiced medicine and was a surgeon in the British Army.

• When the truth about her career was revealed, she turned out to be the first ever British female surgeon.

• What was this truth? Picture might help

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ANSWER

• She spent her entire adult life as a man named James Barry so she could study at a university and enrol in the army without being rejected for being a woman.

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WRITTEN ROUND4 QUESTIONS OF 10 POINTS EACH

ALL QUESTIONS ARE CONNECTED BY A CENTRAL THEME

IDENTIFY THE THEME AND TAKE HOME 20 EXTRA POINTS

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1

• Dot is the world’s first smartwatch of its kind• It helps its users access tweets, messages and even books anywhere at any

time.• What makes it the first of its kind?

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2

• First the team placed a silicone patch, covered in a hundred tiny probes, onto a region of their volunteers’ brains called the primary motor cortex. This area is responsible for movement. The implant was then connected to a computer, via a wire.

• One of the patients in the trial learned to control the cursor by imagining his hand on top of a ball, rolling it one way or another. He quickly got the hang of it. When faced with a keyboard he was able to move the cursor across the screen to the desired letter and select it by thinking about clicking his fingers.

• Who is this technology aimed at?

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3

• Following is the description of a mobile app ‘Be My Eyes’. It’s most important feature is a live audio-video connection between its users.

• “Be My Eyes is all about contributing to and benefiting from small acts of kindness, so hop on board and get involved!”

• Who uses this app and how?

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• The Kellycaster prototype features a standard X body with an adapted neck enabling John, and other musicians, to play chords using real X strings and a tailor-made switch interface.

• By developing a system to play the chord patterns whilst strumming or plucking as you would on the strings, John can play the redesigned instrument with full creative expression and dynamic as with any regular X

• ID X (Image follows)

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EXCHANGE YOUR SHEETS

ANSWERS FOLLOW:

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1

• Dot is the world’s first smartwatch of its kind• It helps its users access tweets, messages and even books anywhere at any

time.• What makes it the first of its kind?

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ANSWER

• Smartwatch for the Blind.• This tool functions with six dots on four cells found on the surface of the

smartwatch. These dots will rise or lower to form 4 letters in Braille at any time. It can connect via Bluetooth to any smartphone then retrieve and translate the text (from an email or messaging app) into Braille for its owner.

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• First the team placed a silicone patch, covered in a hundred tiny probes, onto a region of their volunteers’ brains called the primary motor cortex. This area is responsible for movement. The implant was then connected to a computer, via a wire.

• One of the patients in the trial learned to control the cursor by imagining his hand on top of a ball, rolling it one way or another. He quickly got the hang of it. When faced with a keyboard he was able to move the cursor across the screen to the desired letter and select it by thinking about clicking his fingers.

• Who is this technology aimed at?

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ANSWER

• Patients affected with Paralysis

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• Following is the description of a mobile app ‘Be My Eyes’. It’s most important feature is a live audio-video connection between its users.

• “Be My Eyes is all about contributing to and benefiting from small acts of kindness, so hop on board and get involved!”

• Who uses this app and how?

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ANSWER

• It connects visually impaired users to sighted helpers from around the world who help them with everyday things such as identifying objects, reading sign boards etc.

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• The Kellycaster prototype features a standard X body with an adapted neck enabling John, and other musicians, to play chords using real X strings and a tailor-made switch interface.

• By developing a system to play the chord patterns whilst strumming or plucking as you would on the strings, John can play the redesigned instrument with full creative expression and dynamic as with any regular X

• ID X (Image follows)

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• X – Guitar

• The Kellycaster is a guitar designed to be played using just one finger

• It was conceived by John Kelly who is on the right in this picture

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THEME

• Technology for the Specially Abled

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ANTICLOCKWISE10 QUESTIONS

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• "Research Institute" came about through LEGO Ideas, a website that allows enthusiasts to submit suggestions for new sets.

• Each idea that gathers 10,000 supporters is reviewed by a board of set designers and marketing representatives and from there, select designs are chosen for full-fledged production.

• What is notable about this new set that was suggested by Dr. Ellen Kooijman, a geochemist and LEGO fan from Stockholm.

• Image follows

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ANSWER

• It is a female scientist set featuring an Astronomer, a Palaeontologist and a Chemist.

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12• In the image that follows, blue shows areas of gray matter volume decrease,

likely reflecting shifting of cerebrospinal fluid which is no longer being pulled down.

• Orange shows regions of gray matter volume increase, in the regions that control movement of the legs. This likely reflects brain plasticity associated with learning how to move in the new environment.

• The extent of the alteration depended on the length of time spent in this environment

• What is the new environment?

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ANSWER

• Microgravity• This is the first image of how spaceflight changes brain structure in humans!

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13• The mOm incubator was conceived by James Roberts during the final year of

his university degree. Given the brief of 'design something that solves a problem', James learned from a TV documentary that the lack of infant incubators in X during their current crisis was costing them an entire generation.

• Risk factors for preterm birth include infections, malnutrition and stress -- all very common among women living through this crisis

• mOm is an inexpensive, portable, electronically controlled, inflatable infant incubator designed and built to decrease the number of infant deaths.

• ID X or the crisis which inspired the invention.

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ANSWER

• X – Syria• Studies have shown that refugee women have a greater risk of delivering

preterm babies

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14

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• What is the “solution” to this common early morning problem that would leave you in a high spirit for the rest of the day?

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ANSWER

• Alcohol• Part points for Salt solution etc.

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15• Vadim Backman and Hao Zhang, both of Northwestern University in

Evanston, discovered that when X is tickled with particular wavelengths of light, it “blinks” on, momentarily shining brighter than it would with the most powerful fluorescent tags.

• They designed a setup that excites cells with light and then collects the spectra of the emitted light, allowing them to discern different kinds of biomolecules.

• The approach has allowed the researchers to collect images of structures a mere 6.2 nanometers across (a X molecule is 3.4 nanometers across).

• ID the biomolecule X. (Image follows)

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ANSWER

• DNA

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• Longyearbyen, Norway is the northernmost populated town on the planet. • Due to their unique geographical location, they experience sub-zero

temperatures throughout the year.• This has required them to live life a little differently than most of us on the

planet, with many laws that we would find weird• One such law makes it illegal to bury the dead in this town. But why?

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ANSWER

• Because it is too cold for the bodies to decompose at that temperature

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• Meitnerium is the 109th element in the periodic table. It is named after the pioneering physicist Lise Meitner and is the only element named after a non-mythological woman.

• This is despite there being the element Curium in the periodic table• Why does it have that distinction?

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ANSWER

• Curium is named after both Pierre and Marie Curie.

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• The team of the Baby _____ Project sent collection forms to schools in the St. Louis, Missouri area, hoping to gather 50,000 _____ each year. Ultimately, the project collected over 300,000 _____ from children of various ages before the project was ended in 1970.

• The focus was on detecting the presence of strontium-90, a cancer-causing radioactive isotope created by the more than 400 atomic tests conducted above ground that is absorbed from water and dairy products into the bones and _____ given its chemical similarity to Calcium.

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ANSWER

• Teeth• The aim was to determine the effects of nuclear fallout in the

human anatomy by examining the levels of radioactive material absorbed into the deciduous teeth of children.

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• Scientists have detected a black hole spending more than a decade devouring a star — something that usually only takes a year.

• “We have witnessed a star’s spectacular and prolonged demise,”• Guardian carried an article about the discovery with the headline “Black hole

and distant sun locked in slow-motion _____ of _____”• FIB with an alliterative phrase that sums up the “graceful” motion of the

stellar matter around the black hole and devastation of the event.

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ANSWER

• Dance of Death

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20• Administratium is a well-known in-joke in scientific circles, and is

a parody both on the bureaucracy of scientific establishments and on descriptions of newly discovered chemical elements.

• A commonly heard description describes it as "having a negative half-life“

• A positive half life, we know, results from an exponential decay of the material. What on earth does a negative half life mean?!

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ANSWER

• As more time passes, the more massive “Administratium" becomes; it only grows larger and more sluggish.

• This is generally perceived as a system in which bureaucratic procedures accumulate and whatever needs to get done takes increasingly longer to get done as soon as it touches the bureaucracy.

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