•CHARACTERISTICS:•Medium sized, oblong-shaped, triangular heads•Jaws bearing enlarged canine teeth

•BEHAVIOUR:•Carnivores•Nocturnal predators, but daytime swimmers in water column•Some species form large groups

•IMPORTANCE: •Key carnivores and commercial sp.•Form spawning aggregations

•RECORD ONLY THESE: •Yellowtail, Schoolmaster and Mahogany

•CHARACTERISTICS:•Heavier bodies•Big fat lips

•BEHAVIOUR:•Usually hiding or in camouflage•Nighttime predators

•IMPORTANCE: •Key carnivores and commercial sp.•Form spawning aggregations•IUCN Endangered

•YOU WILL RECORD AS: •Large growing species (Goliath, Black, Nassau, Tiger)•Small growing species (Graysby, Coney, Hinds)

•CHARACTERISTICS:•3 first dorsal spines elongated •Color variable•Black spot at base of dorsal fin

•BEHAVIOUR:•On open areas•Feeds on mollusks, crabs and urchins

•IMPORTANCE: •Commercial sp.•Highly valuable meat•IUCN Vulnerable

Long Spiny Sea Urchins: Long Spiny Sea Urchins: Abundance Abundance

Record # of individuals Count along 2 m. belt in

transect No time keeping is needed

Water Temperature (°C)Sea State (Beaufort Scale)Wind speed and direction

• Recorded in mph• N-S-E-W

Horizontal Secchi Disk measurement• Recorded in m.• A measure of visibility

Beaufort Number

Wind speed (mph)

Description Wave Height (m)

Sea Conditions

0 <1 Calm 0 Flat

1 1-3 Light air 0.1 Ripples without crests

2 3-7 Light breeze 0.2 Small wavelets. Crests not breaking

3 8-12 Gentle breeze 0.6 Large wavelets. Crests begin to break; scattered whitecaps

4 13-17 Moderate breeze 1 Small waves

5 18-24 Fresh breeze 2 Moderate (1.2 m) longer waves. Some foam and spray.

6 25-30 Strong breeze 3 Large waves with foam crests and some spray.

7 31-38 High wind 4 Sea heaps up and foam begins to be blown in streaks in wind direction.

** 12 Scale goes up to and is used throughout the world as an indicative of weather and to issue warnings on hurricanes and storms