1. A Uab e o Acesso Aberto um compromisso com futuroRecursos Educacionais Abertos:Que Futuro?Jos Mota ICI / LE@D Universidade Aberta23 de Outubro de 2012

2. DefiniesThe open provision of educational resources, enabled by information andcommunication technologies, for consultation, use and adaptation by acommunity of users for non-commercial purposes (UNESCO, 2002)Digitised materials offered freely and openly for educators, students andself-learners to use and reuse for teaching, learning and research(OCDE, 2007)OERs are teaching, learning or research materials that are in the publicdomain or released with an open license that allows for freeuse, adaptation, and distribution (UNESCO - Paris OER Declaration 2012) 3. Abertura - Os 4 Rs http://opencontent.org/blog/ Reuse o direito a utilizar o recurso sem alterar aforma original (exibir uma cpia exata) Revise o direito de adaptar, ajustar, modificar, oualterar o recurso (traduo, localizao) Remix o direito de combinar o recurso originalou adaptado com outros recursos para criar algonovo (mashup) Redistribute o direito de partilhar cpias dorecurso, adaptaes ou remisturas 4. Tipos de Licenas Creative Commons Attribution (BY) Non-commercial (NC) No derivatives (ND) Share-Alike (SA)Karen Fasimpaur (2009). OER: Share, Remix, Learn. 5. Dificuldades / DesafiosPouca clareza conceptual e terminolgica O que significa open?- Grtis- Libre- Baixo preo (Affordable)- Acesso livre Open access = ou # REA? O que significa Educacional? - Aprendizagem formal (currculo, objectivos de aprendizagem, didactizao, etc.) - Aprendizagem no-formal e informal, ALV 6. Open AccessBudapest Open Access Initiative (2002)By open access to this literature, we mean its free availability on the publicinternet, permitting any users toread, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of thesearticles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them forany other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers otherthan those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itselfBethesda (2003) and Berlin (2003)For a work to be OA, the copyright holder must consent in advance to let users"copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make anddistribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsiblepurpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship...."Peter Suber (2012). Open Access Overview.http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm 7. Dificuldades / DesafiosAdopoIf open education practitioners (bothindividuals and institutions) cannot movefrom large-scale sharing to large-scaleadopting, the field is dead.David Wiley (16/10/2010). Openness: From Sharing to Adoptinghttp://opencontent.org/blog/archives/1689 8. Obstculos adopo Quantidade insuficiente de recursos disponveis em alguns domnios e lnguas) Dificuldades em localizar/identificar recursos Falta de interoperabilidade dos repositrios e ferramentas Problemas de copyright Diferenas culturais Qualidade discutvel dos recursos Dificuldades de edio Consumo de tempo Falta de motivaoK.I. Clements & J.M. Pawlowski (2011). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00450.x/full#f2 9. Obstculos adopo/produo Falta de recompensas (professores e investigadores) paradesenvolver REA Pouca conscincia/informao relativamente s vantagensdos REA Falta de competncias para produzir REA REA so dependentes do contexto e precisam de seradaptados, o que nem sempre permitido (CC-ND) Criar/Modificar REA difcil, dispendioso e demoradoOECD (2007). Giving Knowledge for Free: THE EMERGENCE OF OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCEShttp://www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/38654317.pdf 10. Big and Little OERBig OER Little OER(instituies, consrcios, organizaes)(blogs, slideshare, youtube, scribd, etc.) Controlo da qualidade Produzidos individualmente, no Explicitao das aprendizagensnecessariamente por educadoresesperadas Podem no ter objetivos Reputaoeducacionais explcitos Custo relativamente elevado Baixo custo Mais adaptveis Qualidade varivelMartin Weller (2010). Big and Little OER. 11. Custo / benefcio dos REAPodem as Universidades de mdia ou pequena dimensocompetir com as universidades de elite ou com as empresas demedia num mundo globalizado?- Meios humanos- Meios financeiros- Meios tcnicosQue poltica de produo de REA para estas universidades?Como organizar a criao / disseminao de REA?Como promover a reutilizao e adaptao de REA existentes? 12. Modelos de sustentabilidade (ES)M.I.T.Centralizado, responsabilidade deuma organizao (4,3 milhes/ano)U.S.U.Hbrido (organizao + trabalhoacadmico voluntrio) (127mil/ano)RICE (Connexions) descentralizado(colaborativo, comunidade) (valormuito baixo por curso) David Wiley (2007). On the Sustainability of Open Educational Resource Initiatives in Higher Education. 13. Que futuro para os REA?Web 2.0 ou Web.TV?Web aberta / distribudaApple, Facebook, TwitterInteroperabilidade(Google)Standards AbertosRIAA, Holywood, Media,Utilizadores/produtores Coursera, Pearson(Prosumers)PartilhaMonetizao / LucroLicenas abertasSilosLiberdade PatentesSolues proprietriasDependncia 14. Referncias Clements, K.I. & Pawlowski, J.M. (2011). Useroriented quality for OER: understanding teachers views on reuse, quality, and trust. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. Volume 28, Issue 1, pages 4-14, 18 OCT 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00450.x http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00450.x/full#f2 Downes, Stephen (2008). Open Educational Resources. http://www.slideshare.net/Downes/open- educational-resources-presentation Downes, Stephen (2011). Open Educational Resources: A Definition. Half an Hour. http://halfanhour.blogspot.com/2011/07/open-educational-resources-definition.html Fasimpaur, Karen (2009). OER: Share, Remix, Learn. http://www.slideshare.net/kfasimpaur/oer-share- remix-learn OCDE (2007), Giving Knowledge for Free: the Emergence of Open Educational Resources. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/7/38654317.pdf Suber. Peter (2012). Open Access Overview. http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm Weller, Martin (2010). Big and little OER. http://openaccess.uoc.edu/webapps/o2/bitstream/10609/4851/6/Weller.pdf Wiley, David (2010). Openness: From Sharing to Adopting. http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/1689 Wiley, David (2007). On the Sustainability of Open Educational Resource Initiatives in Higher Education. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/33/9/38645447.pdf 15. A Uab e o Acesso Aberto um compromisso com futuroObrigado.e-mail: josecmota@gmail.comTwitter: @josemotaBlog: http://orfeu.orgSlideshare: http://slideshare.net/josemota