READING AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

CURRENT THEORIES ABOUT READING

PROPONENTS

Jean Piaget Lev Vygotsky

COGNITIVE How people think and understand Comes from Latin word cognitio-, from

conoscere which means ‘get to know’ Concerned with acquisition of

knowledge (Microsoft Encarta, 2009)

READING AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTResearches conducted

by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygostsky have shown that language and thought interact with each other, and that children go through five stages of development.

STAGE 1: SENSORIMOTOR PERIODBirth to 2 years oldThe child: Explores the world

through his five senses Is initially not able to

represent things in his mind

Develops object permanence

Learns by adaptation to environment

READING IN THE SENSORIMOTOR PERIODThe child: Is interested in picture books

STAGE 2: PREOPERATION OR PRECONCEPTUAL PERIOD2 – 4 years oldThe child: Explores the world around him Experiments with things in his

environment Imitates adults in the use of things Develops animism Develops egocentricism

READING IN THE PREOPERATIONAL PERIODThe child: Begins to develop

concepts and associate words with pictures and images

Apple =

READING IN THE PREOPERATIONAL PERIOD His reading interest

involve a growing visual discrimination of objects and symbols

STAGE 3: INTUITIVE THOUGHT PERIOD4 – 7 years old

The child: Is introduced to

concepts of number, weight, length and height

READING IN THE INTUITIVE THOUGHT PERIODThe child: Enjoys listening to rhymes and

reading and reciting poems Develops reading readiness skills Can read simple words, phrases

and sentences (4-5 years old) Can read preprimers and basal

readers (6-7 years old)

STAGE 4: CONCRETE OPERATIONAL8 – 11 years oldThe child: Is capable of thinking out

about actions previously carried out only at a sensorimotor level

Develops logical reasoning

Develops conservation

CAUSE

EFFECT

READING IN THE CONCRETE OPERATIONAL PERIODThe child: Can do a lot of reading with meaning Can retell stories read Can pick out key words or topic

sentences that give the main idea

READING IN THE CONCRETE OPERATIONAL PERIODThe child: Can note supporting details Can determine cause-effect relationships Can make inferences

There is a rapid growth in reading and in use of reading tool.

STAGE 5: FORMAL OPERATIONAL PERIOD11-14 years oldThe preteener: Is capable of dealing

with hypothesis and propositions

Develops abstraction

READING IN THE FORMAL OPERATIONAL PERIOD The preteener: Can cope with higher

level critical reading skills: drawing conclusions, making judgments, and evaluating plot and style

For bright pupils: Reading has become truly analytic, interactive, constructive and strategic

Beginning of period of refinement and wide reading

REPORTED BY:

Rema AdralesAlice Maninang

Antonio Delgado

GAARA LEE BRITANNIA

Prepared by:“Live to express, not to impress.”